Test Bank Answers Ch.7 Cellular Respiration Mader

Inquiry Into Life, 16e, Mader

Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration

1) If the carbons from glucose were radioactively labeled, which molecule(s) will ultimately end up with the label?

A) pyruvate

B) citric acid

C) carbon dioxide

D) NAD+

E) pyruvate and carbon dioxide

2) Cellular respiration involves the

A) synthesis of glucose.

B) release of energy.

C) capture of solar energy.

D) release of O2.

E) intake of carbon dioxide.

3) Which of the following is a substrate of cellular respiration?

A) carbon dioxide

B) water

C) glucose

D) ATP

E) energy

4) Which of the following reactions is part of the cellular respiration pathway?

A) glycolysis

B) citric acid cycle

C) electron transport chain

D) preparatory reaction (prep)

E) All of the answer choices are part of the cellular respiration pathway.

5) How efficient is the breakdown of one glucose molecule via cellular respiration?

A) 100%

B) 58%

C) 39%

D) 20%

E) less than 10%

6) The equation C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 38 ATP + 6CO2 + 6H2O represents which cellular process?

A) glycolysis

B) electron transport system

C) citric acid cycle

D) photosynthesis

E) cellular respiration

7) Which molecules are the products of aerobic respiration?

A) pyruvate and carbon dioxide

B) pyruvate and water

C) pyruvate and oxygen

D) lactate and carbon dioxide

E) carbon dioxide and water

8) Which molecule(s) is/are the product(s) of anaerobic respiration?

A) glucose and carbon dioxide

B) lactate and oxygen

C) carbon dioxide

D) pyruvate

E) pyruvate and oxygen

9) Why is ATP used as the energy molecule of the cell?

A) ATP is easy to synthesize within the cell.

B) ATP contains large amounts of energy so at least some of it can be used by the cell.

C) ATP contains just about the amount of energy required for most cellular reactions.

D) ATP is stored inside the cell where it is readily available whenever needed.

E) ATP can be broken down into carbon dioxide and water.

10) What role does NAD+ play in cellular respiration?

A) It is an electron carrier.

B) It produces the ATP.

C) It is an enzyme.

D) It provides the oxygen.

E) It provides the energy.

11) NADH and FADH2 bring electrons to the electron transport chain during cellular respiration.

12) Which of the following describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

A) It accepts two electrons plus a hydrogen ion.

B) It is a product of the citric acid cycle.

C) It is a product of glycolysis.

D) It is oxidized.

E) It provides the energy for the reaction.

13) Which of the following pathways produces of the majority of ATP?

A) glycolysis

B) citric acid cycle

C) Calvin cycle

D) electron transport chain

E) preparatory reaction (prep)

14) Cellular respiration is organized into four phases so that

A) the energy within the glucose molecule can be released in a stepwise fashion.

B) it can take place within different cells.

C) most of the energy can be released as body heat.

D) oxidation can occur without reduction.

E) the body can make energy from different substrates.

15) What is the correct order of phases in cellular respiration?

A) citric acid cycle, prep reaction, glycolysis, electron transport chain

B) electron transport chain, glycolysis, prep reaction, citric acid cycle

C) prep reaction, glycolysis, electron transport chain, citric acid cycle

D) glycolysis, prep reaction, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain

E) glycolysis, citric acid cycle, prep reaction, electron transport chain

16) Which of the following statements about glycolysis is true?

A) Glycolysis results in the release of carbon dioxide.

B) Glycolysis is a cyclical reaction.

C) Glycolysis is a reduction reaction where only glucose is reduced.

D) Glycolysis occurs twice per glucose molecule.

E) Glycolysis breaks glucose down to two pyruvate molecules.

17) Glycolysis is likely to have evolved before the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain because

A) it has an older fossil record.

B) it is found in all living organisms.

C) it occurs inside the mitochondria.

D) the process is found in all primitive bacteria but lacking in many advanced organisms.

E) it produces more ATP than do the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain.

18) Where does glycolysis take place within the cell?

A) endoplasmic reticulum

B) nucleus

C) mitochondrial matrix

D) mitochondrial membrane

E) cytoplasm

19) The most efficient method to produce ATP in animal cells is by glycolysis.

20) Glycolysis is linked to the citric acid cycle when oxygen is not available.

21) The final product of glycolysis is carbon dioxide.

22) Why are two ATP needed to begin glycolysis?

A) to activate the glucose

B) to donate electrons to NAD+

C) to compensate for the lack of oxygen

D) to accept electrons from glucose

E) to move the reaction into the mitochondria

23) You have discovered an organism that lives inside the gastrointestinal tract and does not contain a nucleus. Based on what you know of cellular respiration, how does it obtain its energy?

A) photosynthesis

B) glycolysis

C) glycolysis and the citric acid cycle

D) photosynthesis and the citric acid cycle

E) glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain

24) How many molecules are formed from the cleavage of glucose during the first step of glycolysis? How many carbons are found in the resulting molecules?

A) 6 molecules, each with 2 carbons

B) 4 molecules, each with 3 carbons

C) 3 molecules, each with 4 carbons

D) 2 molecules, each with 3 carbons

E) 3 molecules, each with 2 carbons

25) There is a net gain of four ATPs as a result of glycolysis.

26) Which of the following best defines substrate-level ATP synthesis?

A) An enzyme passes a high-energy phosphate to ADP, resulting in ATP.

B) ATP is used to activate glucose for glycolysis.

C) An exergonic reaction is used to drive the synthesis of ATP from ADP plus phosphate.

D) Oxidation of a substrate results in a high-energy bond.

E) ATP is synthesized from adenosine plus three phosphates.

27) The final products of glycolysis are

A) 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH + H+.

B) 1 pyruvate and 2 ATP.

C) 1 pyruvate and 2 NADH + H+.

D) 2 ATP and 2 NADH + H+.

E) 2 pyruvate.

28) Pyruvate contains less chemical energy than glucose.

29) Pyruvate is converted to a two-carbon acetyl group attached to coenzyme A (CoA), and CO2 is given off. This phase is called

A) substrate-level ATP synthesis.

B) the preparatory reaction.

C) the electron transport chain.

D) the citric acid cycle.

E) fermentation.

30) Which is a correct statement about the preparatory reaction?

A) It connects glycolysis directly to the electron transport chain.

B) O2 is given off.

C) Pyruvate is converted to lactate.

D) NAD+ goes to NADH + H+ as acetyl-CoA forms.

E) The reaction occurs once per glucose molecule.

31) Where does the preparatory reaction take place within the cell?

A) mitochondrial matrix

B) mitochondrial cristae

C) nucleus

D) cytoplasm

E) endoplasmic reticulum

32) The molecule that is found at the beginning and end of the citric acid cycle is

A) a C4 molecule.

B) pyruvate.

C) lactate.

D) glucose.

E) RuBP.

33) Which pathway in cellular respiration will produce ATP, NADH2, and carbon dioxide?

A) glycolysis

B) preparatory reaction

C) citric acid cycle

D) electron transport chain

E) photosynthesis

34) Which stage(s) will produce carbon dioxide in cellular respiration?

A) glycolysis

B) preparatory reaction

C) citric acid cycle

D) both glycolysis and the electron transport chain

E) both the preparatory reaction and the citric acid cycle

35) Which of the following statements is true?

A) The end product of glycolysis is acetyl CoA.

B) The citric acid cycle begins and ends with pyruvate.

C) NADH2 will eventually produce three ATP molecules.

D) The aerobic respiration of glucose has one phase.

E) Aerobic respiration uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen.

36) For the complete respiration of one molecule of glucose, the citric acid cycle must turn a total of

A) one time.

B) two times.

C) three times.

D) four times.

E) six times.

37) An acetyl group contains how many carbons?

A) one

B) two

C) three

D) four

E) six

38) Each turn of of the citric acid cycle directly produces how many ATP?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 12

D) 14

E) 16

39) How many NADH + H+ are produced by the citric acid cycle per turn?

A) one

B) two

C) three

D) four

E) six

40) Which is a correct association of mitochondrion structure and phase of cellular respiration?

A) matrix - electron transport chain

B) cristae - preparatory reaction

C) matrix - citric acid cycle

D) matrix - glycolysis

E) cristae - glycolysis

41) Some desert organisms can live out their life without ever drinking liquid water. What phase(s) of cellular respiration could provide the organism with water?

A) glycolysis

B) citric acid cycle

C) electron transport chain

D) glycolysis and electron transport chain

E) citric acid cycle and electron transport chain

42) What phase(s) of cellular respiration produce(s) NADH + H+?

A) glycolysis

B) preparatory reaction

C) citric acid cycle

D) glycolysis and preparatory reaction

E) glycolysis, preparatory reaction, and citric acid cycle

43) The final acceptor for electrons in aerobic cellular respiration is

A) oxygen.

B) pyruvate.

C) CoA.

D) glucose.

E) carbon dioxide.

44) The production of ATP as a result of an electrochemical gradient is called

A) glycolysis.

B) substrate-level phosphorylation.

C) chemiosmosis.

D) deamination.

E) oxidative phosphorylation.

45) Which of the following would increase the electron transport system's production of ATP?

A) limiting the amount of oxygen available

B) decreasing use of ATP and thus reducing available ADP

C) reducing synthesis of NAD+ and FAD

D) adding an NADH reductase inhibitor

E) adding additional hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria

46) If we developed a molecule that blocked the ATP channel protein, what would be the first immediate effect?

A) accumulation of ATP in the mitochondrial matrix

B) accumulation of NADH in the mitochondrial matrix

C) no energy to pump hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space of a mitochondrion

D) reversal of the hydrogen ion gradient

E) immediate blockage of the cytochrome molecules

47) The carriers of the electron transport chain are located

A) in the matrix of the mitochondria.

B) on the outer mitochondrial membrane.

C) on the cristae of the mitochondria.

D) within the intermembrane space.

E) within the cytoplasm of the cell.

48) Why does chemiosmosis require a membrane?

A) to anchor proteins within the mitochondria

B) because the phospholipids are involved in the electron transport chain

C) to separate two compartments of the cell to allow for gradient formation

D) to generate H+ from water

E) to provide a large surface area

49) The ATP synthase complex is located in the

A) cytoplasm outside the mitochondria.

B) matrix inside the mitochondria.

C) cristae of the mitochondria.

D) outer membrane of the mitochondria.

E) plasma membrane of the cell.

50) The largest number of ATP molecules is produced in which phase of cellular respiration?

A) glycolysis

B) preparation reaction

C) citric acid cycle

D) electron transport chain

E) Calvin cycle

51) Why does FADH2 result in fewer ATP than NADH + H+?

A) FADH2 only contains one electron.

B) FADH2 only contains one hydrogen ion.

C) FADH2 drops its electrons off lower on the electron transport chain.

D) FADH2 drops its electrons off higher on the electron transport chain.

E) FADH2 drops its electrons off to oxygen.

52) In cellular respiration, what is the relationship between the energy content of the reactants (glucose and O2) and products (CO2 and H2O)?

A) The energy content of the reactants (glucose and O2) must equal the energy content of the products (CO2 and H2O).

B) The energy content of the reactants (glucose and O2) must be greater than the energy content of the products (CO2 and H2O).

C) The energy content of the reactants (glucose and O2) must be less than the energy content of the products (CO2 and H2O).

D) There is no relationship between the energy content of the reactants (glucose and O2) and the energy content of the products (CO2 and H2O).

E) There is no relationship between O2 and H2O, but the energy content of glucose is less than that of CO2.

53) The energy difference between the reactant glucose and oxygen molecules and the product water and carbon dioxide is 686 kilocalories, yet the 36 ATP molecules produced are only storing 263 kilocalories in their outermost phosphate bond. The rest of the energy

A) was added to the ADP fragment of the ATP molecule.

B) provided the energy for life.

C) powered the electron transport chain.

D) was lost as heat.

E) went nowhere, but was destroyed.

54) All of the ATP molecules formed by the complete oxidation of glucose result from the electron transfer chain.

55) The citric acid cycle turns once for each original glucose molecule.

56) Pyruvate can be converted to lactate instead of going to the preparatory reaction. Why does this occur?

A) The cells need lactate to produce ATP.

B) There is no sunlight.

C) The cells doing the reaction are prokaryotes.

D) Oxygen is not available.

E) There is a shortage of glucose.

57) Which of the following statement(s) about fermentation is/are true?

A) Fermentation can produce alcohol.

B) Fermentation does not require oxygen.

C) Fermentation can produce lactic acid.

D) Fermentation produces a net of two ATP molecules.

E) All the answer choices are true statements about fermentation.

58) Why is fermentation important in animals?

A) It is the best reaction we can utilize to produce ATP.

B) It produces lactate, which is essential for animals.

C) It produces carbon dioxide, which is necessary for our cells.

D) It generates the NAD+ we need for metabolism.

E) It helps to recycle NAD+ molecules and allows glycolysis to proceed with ATP production.

59) Muscles undergo fermentation when no

A) oxygen is available.

B) water is available.

C) carbon dioxide is available.

D) ATP is available.

E) pyruvate is available.

60) Why do organisms without oxygen need to convert pyruvate to lactate?

A) in order to regenerate NAD+

B) because lactate is needed to produce ATP

C) because pyruvate is toxic to the cells

D) in order to use lactate in the citric acid cycle

E) because the conversion provides much more ATP for the cell

61) Fermentation is inefficient in using the energy found in food molecules and the resulting alcohol can be toxic to the organism producing it. Which of the following is a reason why an organism would utilize fermentation?

A) Fermentation helps to recycle NAD+ molecules and allows glycolysis to proceed with ATP production.

B) The organism can survive short spells of anaerobic conditions and maintain growth and reproduction.

C) Fermentation can provide a rapid burst of ATP since it does not have to go through the full breakdown cycle.

D) For very small organisms, fermentation can be a simple process and is less complicated than cellular respiration.

E) All of the answer choices are reasons organisms would utilize fermentation.

62) Which of the following results from the lactate accumulation in the muscles?

A) It triggers ongoing heavier breathing to provide further oxygen for the muscles.

B) Much of the lactate is transported to the liver, where it is converted to pyruvate.

C) Some lactate converted to pyruvate is converted back to glucose.

D) Some lactate converted to pyruvate is then completely broken down.

E) All of the answer choices are accurate statements about the accumulation of lactate in muscle cells.

63) The only end product of alcoholic fermentation is the alcohol.

64) Fermentation follows glycolysis in some cells if oxygen is not available.

65) List the inputs and outputs of glycolysis.

66) What are the input requirements of glycolysis?

A) 2 ATP, 2 NAD+, glucose, and 2 ADP

B) 4 ATP, 2 NAD+, glucose, and 4 ADP

C) 2 pyruvates, 2 NADH, and 2 ADP

D) 2 ATP, 4 NAD+, glucose, and 4 ADP

67) List, in order, the stages of aerobic cellular respiration and indicate where they occur in the cell.