Ch9 Plant Organization and Function Test Questions & Answers

Inquiry Into Life, 16e, Mader

Chapter 9 Plant Organization and Function

1) In roots, which structure(s) increases surface area for the absorption of water and minerals from the soil?

A) root hairs

B) root cap

C) Casparian strip

D) vascular cylinder

E) zone of elongation

2) You are planning to build a swimming pool in your backyard. How close can you get to the trees in your backyard without disturbing their root structure?

A) all the way up to the trunk

B) within a foot of the trunk

C) up to the crown of the tree

D) at least 2–4 times the diameter of the crown of the tree

E) at least 10–20 times the diameter of the crown of the tree

3) Most of the water obtained by a plant enters through the

A) cambium layer.

B) palisade cells.

C) root hairs.

D) stomata.

E) bark.

4) Which of the following is a major function of roots?

A) absorb water

B) absorb minerals

C) produce hormones

D) anchor and support the plant

E) All of the answer choices describe a major function of the roots.

5) Which of the following is/are a reproductive structure of a plant?

A) roots

B) stems

C) flowers

D) leaves

E) shoot system

6) As soon as a beautiful plant in your backyard blooms, you remove the flowers. By doing so, you have now inhibited the growth of the plant.

7) Both plants and animals have organs and tissues.

8) The point on a stem to which a leaf or bud is attached is termed the

A) bud scale.

B) axillary bud.

C) node.

D) internode.

E) lenticel.

9) The stalk that attaches a leaf blade to a stem is a(n)

A) bud scale.

B) axillary bud.

C) node.

D) internode.

E) petiole.

10) The cells that make up xylem are no longer living.

11) A stem is identified by being aboveground and green.

12) The tendrils that support vining plants are a type of root.

13) Epidermal tissue, ground tissue, and vascular tissue systems are derived from

A) sclerenchyma cells.

B) vascular cambium.

C) cork cambium.

D) apical meristem.

E) vascular bundles.

14) Which of these associations is correct?

A) epidermal tissue—tracheids

B) ground tissue—vessel elements

C) vascular tissue—parenchyma

D) vascular tissue—sieve-tube member

E) ground tissue—periderm

15) The function of meristematic tissue is

A) production of new tissues.

B) protection.

C) transport.

D) support.

E) reproduction.

16) Cells of the ground tissue system are called

A) epidermal cells.

B) tracheids and vessel elements.

C) sieve-tube members and companion cells.

D) periderm and cork cells.

E) parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma cells.

17) Plant vascular tissue contains

A) collenchyma and lignin.

B) xylem and phloem.

C) epidermis and cuticle.

D) periderm and cork.

E) parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells.

18) Ancient trees, like those found in the redwood forest, have achieved their maximum height and will not grow any taller.

19) What organic substance makes the walls of sclerenchyma cells tough and hard?

A) suberin

B) stomata

C) trichomes

D) cuticle

E) lignin

20) Sugars are conducted through plant tissues by the

A) xylem.

B) phloem.

C) epidermis.

D) trichomes.

E) procambium.

21) An aphid is an insect that has mouthparts to sip plant sap. When placed on an herbaceous stem, it soon has its mouthparts embedded and is withdrawing plant sap. What layer of cells has the aphid's mouthparts tapped?

A) xylem

B) phloem

C) parenchyma

D) trichomes

E) collenchyma

22) The fibers that get stuck between your teeth when you eat celery are

A) sclerenchyma.

B) meristems.

C) trichomes.

D) parenchyma.

E) collenchyma.

23) Which of these associations is correct?

A) epidermal cell—gas exchange

B) stomata—cell division

C) sclerenchyma cells—sugar transport

D) sieve-tube members—protection

E) xylem cells—water transport

24) Which cells are relatively unspecialized and correspond to a generalized plant cell?

A) epidermal

B) tracheid

C) parenchyma

D) sclerenchyma

E) meristem

25) Xylem tissue contains

A) vessel elements and tracheids.

B) sieve-tube members and companion cells.

C) apical meristem.

D) epidermis and ground tissue.

E) parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells.

26) Which cell found in phloem tissue has a nucleus?

A) vessel element

B) tracheids

C) sieve-tube member

D) guard cell

E) companion cell

27) Which association is correct?

A) vessel element—phloem

B) guard cells—epidermis

C) parenchyma—vascular tissue

D) sieve-tube member—bark

E) cuticle—xylem

28) In lab, your instructor gives you a plant and asks you to identify a tissue where the cells lack a nucleus. Which tissue will you identify?

A) companion cells

B) parenchyma cells

C) sieve-tube members

D) epidermis

E) meristem

29) Some plant leaves and stems are covered with hairs.

30) Monocots differ from eudicots in that monocots have

A) two cotyledons in the seed.

B) leaf veins that are parallel.

C) flower parts in 4s or 5s.

D) stem vascular bundles in a distinct ring.

E) phloem in a root located between areas of xylem.

31) The iris is a plant with long, sword-like leaves. Its flowers have six petals that form a tongue and "flags." When you cut through the stem to cut flowers for a bouquet arrangement, the many vascular bundles form tough "strings" throughout the stem. From this description, it is obvious that the iris is a

A) woody plant.

B) combination of monocot and eudicot traits.

C) monocotyledon.

D) eudicotyledon.

E) primitive plant that has not yet evolved to have either monocot or eudicot features.

32) You need to identify a plant but it is winter and the leaves, flowers, fruits, are not available. Your best clue to whether it is a monocot or a eudicot is to

A) inspect the stem for woody bark since only eudicots have woody tissue.

B) determine if there is an apical meristem at the tip of the plant, which indicates it is a monocot.

C) determine if the roots lack phloem and xylem, which indicates a monocot.

D) cut the stem and if the vascular bundles are scattered in the stem, it is a monocot.

E) cut the stem and if the vascular bundles are in a distinct ring, it is a monocot.

33) Which of the following is a monocot?

A) dandelion

B) oak tree

C) maple tree

D) palm tree

E) rose

34) The waxy material known as the Casparian strip is found on

A) the cuticle.

B) xylem vessels.

C) the vascular cambium.

D) endodermal cells.

E) epidermal cells.

35) The tissue in a root that functions in food storage is the

A) epidermis.

B) endodermis.

C) cortex.

D) vascular cylinder.

E) Casparian strip.

36) Your task in laboratory is to find cells that have projections which function to increase surface area for absorption of water and minerals. Which of the following slides would you use to find these cells?

A) eudicot woody stem slide

B) leaf slide of monocot or eudicot

C) monocot stem slide

D) root slide showing root cap

E) root slide showing zone of maturation

37) Entrance of minerals into the vascular cylinder of a eudicot root are regulated by the

A) cortex.

B) epidermis.

C) endodermis.

D) pericycle.

E) root hairs.

38) A cross section through the zone of maturation of a root would show

A) cells of the root cap.

B) the apical meristem.

C) transport tissues.

D) greatly elongated, undifferentiated cells.

E) dividing cells.

39) Which of the following statements describes the arrangement of tissues in the eudicot root?

A) Vascular bundles are randomly scattered throughout the cortex.

B) The vascular bundles are located in a ring right under the root epidermis.

C) The pericycle is the inner layer of cells in the vascular cylinder.

D) The star-shaped phloem is located in the center of the vascular cylinder, with xylem arranged between the arms of the phloem.

E) The Casparian strip is a waxy lining that borders all four sides of the endodermal cells.

40) Root hairs are found in which area of the root?

A) zone of maturation

B) zone of elongation

C) zone of cell division

D) apical meristem

E) root cap

41) If the pericycle was missing, how would this affect a plant?

A) There would be no branch roots.

B) There would be no root hairs.

C) There would be no xylem and phloem.

D) The meristem would not be present.

E) The root would not be able to store starches.

42) The layer that makes the Casparian strip waterproof is made of

A) meristem.

B) cuticle.

C) suberin and lignin.

D) plasmodesmata.

E) cork.

43) Which of the following is the correct sequence of zones in a longitudinal section of a root, starting from the bottom?

A) zone of cell division → zone of elongation → zone of maturation

B) zone of cell division → zone of maturation → zone of elongation

C) zone of maturation → zone of elongation → zone of cell division

D) zone of maturation → zone of cell division → zone of elongation

E) zone of elongation → zone of maturation → zone of cell division

44) Parasitic plants have specialized roots for invading a host plant's tissues. What are these roots called?

A) adventitious

B) taproots

C) mycorrhizal

D) fibrous

E) haustoria

45) Beans, peas, and other legumes have root nodules that are caused by ________ and have the role of ________.

A) bacteria; taking up and reducing atmospheric nitrogen

B) bacteria; improving the extraction of water and minerals from the soil

C) fungi; storing food for the plant in the fungal bodies

D) fungi; improving the extraction of water and minerals from the soil

E) fungi; taking up and reducing atmospheric nitrogen

46) If you wanted to find mycorrhizae, what part of the plant would be the best place to look?

A) leaves

B) stem

C) flower

D) roots

E) xylem and phloem

47) Mycorrhizae assist plants by

A) taking up and reducing atmospheric nitrogen.

B) improving the extraction of water and minerals from the soil.

C) storing food for the plant in the fungal bodies.

D) increasing vegetative reproduction.

E) acquiring oxygen for cellular respiration in root tissues.

48) If you had a problematic hillside that continually eroded when it rained, plants with which type of roots would best solve your problem?

A) adventitious

B) taproots

C) mycorrhizal

D) fibrous

E) haustoria

49) Only leaves carry out photosynthesis.

50) Primary growth of a stem is due to the activity of the vascular cambium.

51) You can tell the age of a stem by counting the bud scale scars.

52) When a plant grows upward, the distance between the internodes increases in length.

53) Wood is composed of

A) cork.

B) cork cambium.

C) secondary phloem.

D) secondary xylem.

E) sieve-tube members.

54) A gladiolus plant grows from a ________.

A) stolon

B) bulb

C) rhizome

D) corm

E) tuber

55) What specialized types of primary meristems develop from a shoot apical meristem?

A) epidermis, pith, cortex

B) protoderm, ground meristem, procambium

C) primary xylem, primary phloem, cortex

D) secondary xylem, secondary phloem, pith

E) vascular cambium, ground meristem, pith

56) Which of these is paired correctly?

A) protoderm—epidermis

B) protoderm—primary xylem

C) ground meristem—xylem

D) ground meristem—phloem

E) procambium—pith

57) A 15-foot tree growing in a fence row is used as a fence post to which barbed wire is stapled at a height of 5 feet. Years later, the tree is 30 feet high. The barbed wire would be

A) 5 feet high.

B) 15 feet high.

C) 20 feet high.

D) 10 feet high.

58) Which of the following would be an evolutionary advantage of being "woody"?

A) minimal energy requirement to produce wood

B) tall growth allows greater leaf access to sunlight

C) less need for defense mechanisms against herbivores and parasites

D) not being as affected by varying amounts of rainfall

E) reproduction before several seasons pass

59) Which of the following statements is true about wood?

A) In the temperate regions, wood forms monthly rings.

B) The xylem vessels will be smaller in size in the spring because they are immature.

C) The wood produced in the summer will have a higher proportion of vessels than wood produced in the spring.

D) Heartwood transports water to the leaves throughout the life of the tree.

E) In large trees, the most recently formed layer of cells transports water.

60) Which of the following is true of secondary growth in woody plants?

A) occurs in woody stems

B) increases both the length and girth of plants

C) involves two types of meristem tissues

D) phloem is located under the bark

E) All of the answer choices are true.

61) The meristematic tissue used for secondary growth that is found between the xylem and phloem of each vascular bundle in eudicot stems is termed the

A) apical meristem.

B) root meristem.

C) cork cambium.

D) vascular cambium.

E) pericycle.

62) It would be adaptive for the leaves of plants in dry areas to have more stomata than the leaves of plants in humid areas.

63) Which statement about leaves is correct?

A) The photosynthetic mesophyll is made up of an upper spongy layer and a lower palisade layer.

B) The epidermis is covered by a waxy layer of cuticle that reduces water loss.

C) Gas exchange occurs through tiny openings in the leaf surface called trichomes.

D) Vascular tissue is arranged in a net pattern in monocots and a parallel pattern in eudicots.

E) Regulation of gas exchange through the leaf is the responsibility of the bundle sheath cells.

64) Cabbage and onions come from which part of the plant?

A) roots

B) stems

C) petioles

D) leaves

E) bark

65) Stomata

A) are usually found in the upper epidermis of a leaf.

B) are surrounded by four guard cells.

C) function for primary growth.

D) function in secondary growth.

E) allow gas exchange.

66) The vascular tissue in the leaf is referred to as a

A) vascular bundle.

B) vascular cylinder.

C) vein.

D) vascular pit.

E) vascular cambium.

67) The tissue layers of a leaf, from the upper surface to the lower surface, are

A) epidermis, cuticle, spongy mesophyll, cuticle, palisade mesophyll, epidermis.

B) cuticle, epidermis, spongy mesophyll, palisade mesophyll, epidermis, cuticle.

C) epidermis, palisade mesophyll, cuticle, spongy mesophyll, epidermis.

D) cuticle, epidermis, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, epidermis, cuticle.

E) epidermis, cuticle, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, epidermis.

68) The function of the spongy layer of a leaf is primarily

A) photosynthesis.

B) gas exchange.

C) vascular transport.

D) protein synthesis.

E) as a shock absorber.

69) Vascular tissue in a leaf is surrounded by ________.

A) bundle sheath cells

B) stomata

C) cuticle

D) trichomes

E) guard cells

70) A plant with small leaves and sunken stomata is most likely to be found in a

A) rain forest.

B) desert.

C) grassland.

D) pond.

E) vegetable garden.

71) During the daytime, stomata in leaves

A) protect the plant.

B) undergo photosynthesis.

C) manufacture carbohydrates.

D) take in water.

E) give off oxygen and take in carbon dioxide.

72) Trees are often identified by their leaves. What information about the leaves would you need in order to identify the tree?

A) function of the leaves

B) whether the leaves are lost in the fall

C) blades, pattern of venation, and arrangement on the stem

D) size and color

E) whether the veins are parallel or netted

73) Which of the following is the pathway for water transport in a plant?

A) root hairs → cortex → vascular cylinder → leaves

B) root hairs → pith → endodermis → xylem → leaves

C) epidermis → cortex → phloem → root

D) epidermis → pericycle → cortex → xylem → leaves

E) root hairs → endodermis → leaves → xylem → pith

74) For water transport to occur there must be

A) palisade and spongy mesophyll.

B) sugar in the phloem.

C) atmospheric pressure available to do the work.

D) low pressure in the roots and high pressure in the leaves.

E) a continuous column of water in xylem and transpiration of water at the leaves.

75) Which of the following is true about the cohesion-tension model of water transport?

A) Plants utilize an active means to transport water.

B) Water molecules repel one another.

C) Transpiration exerts a tension as water enters from the roots.

D) Water is transported in the phloem.

E) Water must be attracted to the sides of the xylem.

76) When you have waxed your car, rainfall makes very large droplets that roll around on the hood. This property where the water molecules stick together is known as

A) adhesion.

B) turgor pressure.

C) cohesion.

D) transpiration.

E) negative pressure potential.

77) The loss of water from a leaf is termed

A) transpiration.

B) perspiration.

C) transduction.

D) leakage.

E) transcription.

78) Which statement is true regarding phloem transport during the summer in plants?

A) The roots make sugar.

B) A higher pressure exists in the roots than in the leaves.

C) Water follows sugar into sieve-tube members in the leaves.

D) Sugar is transported by passive diffusion into sieve-tube members.

E) There is a fluid flow from the roots to the leaves.

79) Girdling a tree involves cutting a deep groove all the way around a tree trunk. It would have the effect of

A) triggering additional auxin production and increasing leaf growth.

B) increasing the input of carbon dioxide and increasing photosynthesis.

C) interrupting the flow of minerals and stunting the growth of the tree.

D) interrupting the passage of phloem sap and killing the tree.

E) interrupting the passage of water and killing the tree.

80) Transpiration rates are the same for all plants.

81) Explain the structural differences that help a botanist differentiate between a monocot and a eudicot.

82) List the three tissue types found in plants and give several examples of cell types in each tissue category.

83) While transplanting flowers you accidentally damaged the roots. What is the most likely scenario that will occur as a result of damage to the roots?

A) The slimy sheath on the root cap has been wiped off and the parenchyma cells were damaged, resulting in damage to the zone of cell division.

B) The slimy sheath on the root cap has been wiped off and the parenchyma cells were damaged, resulting in damage to the zone of elongation.

C) The slimy sheath on the root cap has been wiped off and the parenchyma cells were damaged, resulting in damage to the zone of maturation.

D) The slimy sheath on the root cap has been wiped off and the epidermal cells were damaged, resulting in damage to the zone of cell division.

E) The slimy sheath on the root cap has been wiped off and the epidermal cells were damaged, resulting in damage to the zone of maturation.

84) Which two structures are associated with the terminal bud?

A) apical meristem and leaf primordia

B) shoot tip and zone of maturation

C) apical meristem and zone of cell division

D) zone of cell division and leaf primordia

E) None of the answer choices is associated with the terminal bud.

85) The apical meristem is found in what area of a growing root?

A) epidermis

B) elongation

C) cell division

D) maturation

E) None of the answer choices is found in growing roots.

86) What type of stem is found underground; has thin, papery leaves; and a thick stem that lie dormant during the winter?

A) corms

B) rhizomes

C) stolons

D) runners

E) nodes

87) Which structure is directly associated with the terminal bud?

A) shoot tip

B) zone of cell division

C) zone of maturation

D) zone of elongation

E) None of the answer choices is associated with the terminal bud.

88) Explain the difference between stolons and rhizomes.

89) Which events and features are correctly associated with the roots during the pressure-flow model of phloem transport?

A) Sugar is stored in the sink. Cells use the sugar for cellular respiration. Water exits by osmosis and returns to the xylem.

B) Sugars are stored in the source. Cells use the sugar for cellular respiration. Water exits by osmosis and returns to the xylem.

C) Sugar is stored in the sink. Cells use the sugar for photosynthesis. Water exits by osmosis and returns to the xylem.

D) Sugar is stored in the sink. Cells use the sugar for cellular respiration. Water exits by diffusion and returns to the phloem.

E) Sugar is stored in the source. Cells use the sugar for photosynthesis. Water exits by osmosis and returns to the xylem.