Photosynthesis Verified Test Bank Chapter.8

Inquiry Into Life, 16e, Mader

Chapter 8 Photosynthesis

1) Heterotrophs

A) have the ability to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic molecules.

B) are ultimately dependent upon preformed organic molecules made by producers.

C) are the origin of all food for the rest of the living world.

D) are also called autotrophs.

E) None of the answer choices are characteristic of heterotrophs.

2) Which statement about producers and/or consumers is true?

A) Consumers not only feed themselves but also feed producers.

B) All animals must be either producers or consumers.

C) Producers produce more food than they use.

D) Consumers are not dependent upon other organisms for food.

E) Only one species of producer and consumer can exist in any single community.

3) Which of the following is an autotroph?

A) yeast

B) turtle

C) fish

D) algae

E) hawk

4) At the base of most food chains are autotrophs.

5) Which of the following allows photosynthetic organisms to capture solar energy?

A) pigments

B) nucleus

C) chloroplasts

D) glucose

E) NAD+

6) The red maple tree cannot photosynthesize because it is not green.

7) The main function of stomata is to

A) expose the chlorophyll to sunlight.

B) transport water to the chlorophyll.

C) allow passage of CO2 and O2 into the leaf.

D) store glucose.

E) store pyruvate and provide the site of the Calvin cycle.

8) Which of the following is a substance that initially traps solar energy in photosynthesis?

A) chlorophyll

B) RuBP

C) water

D) glucose

E) pyruvate

9) The flattened sacs within the stroma of a chloroplast, which are connected to form a single inner compartment, are called

A) stomata.

B) thylakoids.

C) mesophyll.

D) carotenoids.

E) CAM units.

10) In the process of photosynthesis, the light reactions follow the Calvin cycle reactions.

11) What does the term stroma refer to?

A) the cytochrome system in the membranes of the thylakoids

B) a stack of thylakoid membrane structures

C) the double membrane of the chloroplast

D) a flattened disk or sac in the chloroplast

E) the central fluid-filled space of the chloroplast

12) The raw materials or reactants of photosynthesis include

A) glucose and oxygen.

B) carbon dioxide and glucose.

C) carbon dioxide and water.

D) carbon dioxide and oxygen.

E) glucose and water.

13) What are the products of photosynthesis?

A) water and carbon dioxide

B) water and oxygen

C) carbohydrate and water

D) oxygen and carbohydrate

E) carbon dioxide and carbohydrate

14) Which molecule would you need to radioactively label in order to produce radioactive oxygen during photosynthesis?

A) carbon dioxide

B) water

C) cytochrome

D) glucose

E) G3P

15) At the cellular level, photosynthesis occurs within

A) the chloroplast.

B) the cristae of the mitochondria.

C) both chloroplasts and mitochondria.

D) all plant cell organelles.

E) the nucleus of plants but not of animals.

16) How many membranes does a chloroplast have?

A) one

B) two

C) three

D) four

E) five

17) To what does the term grana refer?

A) the cytochrome system in the membranes of the thylakoids

B) a stack of thylakoid membranes

C) the double membrane of the chloroplast

D) a flattened disk or sac in the chloroplast

E) the central fluid-filled space of the chloroplast

18) In which plant structure does photosynthesis primarily occur?

A) root

B) stem

C) leaf

D) petiole

E) bark

19) What are the two sets of reactions for photosynthesis?

A) light reactions, Calvin cycle

B) glycolysis, citric acid cycle

C) light reactions, glycolysis

D) Calvin cycle, citric acid cycle

E) electron transport chain, light reactions

20) The heavy oxygen isotope (18O) could be provided to plants either in the CO2 or in H2O or in both. Today, we know from experimental results that O2 released from chloroplasts comes from H2O and not from CO2. Which of the following experimental results would show conclusively that O2 is released from H2O and not CO2?

A) When heavy oxygen is part of water given to the plant, the plant produces heavy O2.

B) When heavy oxygen is part of both water and CO2 given to the plant, the plant produces heavy O2.

C) When no heavy oxygen is part of water given to the plant, the plant produces no heavy O2.

D) When no heavy oxygen is part of CO2 given to the plant, the plant produces no heavy O2.

E) When heavy oxygen is part of CO2 given to the plant, the plant produces heavy O2.

21) Which two organelles are most directly involved in the flow of energy from the sun through all living things?

A) Golgi apparatus and mitochondria

B) lysosomes and chloroplasts

C) chloroplasts and mitochondria

D) mitochondria and ribosomes

E) ribosomes and Golgi apparatus

22) Which coenzyme is involved in the light reactions?

A) NAD+

B) FAD

C) NADP+

D) both NAD+ and FAD

E) both FAD and NADP+

23) Which of the following statements is true concerning sunlight radiation used for photosynthesis?

A) All of the sunlight that hits the atmosphere is used for photosynthesis.

B) Only the highest energy wavelengths are used for photosynthesis.

C) All of the visible light is used for photosynthesis.

D) Only the red, blue, and violet wavelengths of visible light are used for photosynthesis.

E) Only the green visible light is used for photosynthesis.

24) Why are plant leaves green?

A) They absorb only green wavelengths of light.

B) They absorb only yellow and blue wavelengths of light.

C) They reflect nearly all wavelengths of light.

D) They reflect green wavelengths of light.

E) They reflect yellow and blue wavelengths of light.

25) The reason that deciduous leaves turn bright colors in the fall is

A) chlorophyll is converted into bright carotenoid pigments.

B) when chlorophyll breaks down, the remaining pigments become visible.

C) it is a chemical reaction involving the formation of ice crystals.

D) bright pigments are shifted from the roots and stem to the leaves while sugars and chlorophyll are pumped down to the roots.

E) a shift in the reflectance values of light is caused by the sun being lower in the sky; all leaf pigments actually remain the same.

26) We set up an experiment where the same species of plant is grown in boxes covered with plastic that only allows a single color of light through. In which box would we expect the least plant growth and even perhaps the death of the plant to occur?

A) white

B) blue

C) red

D) green

E) indigo

27) Photosynthesis shows higher activity for violet/blue and orange/red and a lower absorption for green/yellow. If we could create a different photosynthetic pigment that absorbed absolutely all visible wavelengths of light, the leaves would appear which color?

A) white

B) black

C) red

D) green

E) orange

28) Visible light has more energy than radio waves.

29) There is an inverse relationship between wavelength of light and amount of energy.

30) The "antenna" system of a plant that gathers the solar energy consists of the

A) grana.

B) epidermal cells of the leaf.

C) pigment complex.

D) ATP synthase complex.

E) hydrogen ions (H+).

31) Water is split and oxygen is released in

A) the electron transport chain.

B) the cyclic electron pathway.

C) the Calvin cycle reactions.

D) the noncyclic electron pathway.

E) photosystem I.

32) Which part of photosynthesis occurs in the stroma?

A) noncyclic electron pathway

B) cyclic electron pathway

C) electron transport chain

D) light reactions

E) Calvin cycle reactions

33) The cyclic electron pathway produces only

A) NADPH.

B) ATP.

C) NAD+.

D) oxygen.

E) carbon dioxide.

34) Which of these is most closely associated with the process of electron transport?

A) a sequence of molecules in the membranes of the thylakoids

B) a stack of thylakoid membrane structures

C) the double membrane of the chloroplast

D) a flattened disk or sac in the chloroplast

E) the central fluid-filled space of the chloroplast

35) Photosystem I comes before photosystem II in the noncyclic electron pathway.

36) ATP synthase is an enzyme complex located in the thylakoid membranes.

37) The first step of the cyclic electron pathway involves the removal of the electrons from water.

38) What are the products of the noncyclic electron pathway?

A) H+, O2, ATP, and NADPH

B) H+ and O2

C) H+, ATP, and NADPH

D) ATP and NADPH

E) O2 and ATP

39) What pathway moves the electrons from water through PS II to PS I and then on to NADP+?

A) noncyclic electron pathway

B) cyclic electron pathway

C) CO2 fixation stage of Calvin cycle reactions

D) citric acid cycle

E) CO2 reduction phase of Calvin cycle reactions

40) Which of the following will recycle electrons back to photosystem I?

A) noncyclic electron pathway

B) cyclic electron pathway

C) CO2 fixation stage of Calvin cycle reactions

D) citric acid cycle

E) CO2 reduction phase of Calvin cycle reactions

41) Biologists are fairly certain that oxygen was built up in the atmosphere by the development of photosynthesis. The production of oxygen and, therefore, the beginning of extensive aerobic life was made possible by the evolution of

A) fermentation.

B) photosystem I.

C) photosystem II.

D) glycolysis.

E) the nucleus.

42) Which of the following would be a reasonable explanation of why the chloroplast would use the cyclic electron pathway as well as the noncyclic electron pathway?

A) The noncyclic electron pathway does not provide enough NADPH for the cell.

B) The noncyclic electron pathway does not provide enough oxygen for the cell.

C) The Calvin cycle utilizes more NADPH than ATP and the cyclic electron pathway produces NADPH.

D) The Calvin cycle utilizes more ATP than NADPH and the cyclic electron pathway produces ATP.

E) The cyclic electron pathway only runs when oxygen is limiting.

43) The H+ (protons) accumulate in the thylakoid space during electron transport between photosystems I and II. The excess of protons in the thylakoid space

A) enters the photorespiration pathway.

B) raises the pH of the space until the processes stop.

C) is small enough to diffuse back out through the lipid bilayer.

D) converts NADP+ to NADPH and generates ATP in the process.

E) moves from the thylakoid space to the stroma through the ATP synthase complex.

44) The ATP synthase complex in cellular respiration and photosynthesis

A) both produce ATP.

B) both work via chemiosmosis.

C) both require a H+ gradient.

D) both are located in a membrane.

E) All of the answers are correct.

45) The reservoir for H+ during photosynthesis is the

A) stroma.

B) thylakoid membrane.

C) thylakoid space.

D) cytoplasm.

E) matrix.

46) The formation of carbohydrate molecules occurs within the

A) stroma.

B) outer chloroplast membrane.

C) inner chloroplast membrane.

D) thylakoid membranes.

E) thylakoid space.

47) NADPH and ATP are used in the

A) noncyclic electron pathway.

B) cyclic electron pathway.

C) Calvin cycle reactions.

D) citric acid cycle.

E) light reactions.

48) In the Calvin cycle, the three-carbon molecule that will be immediately formed after carbon dioxide fixation occurs is

A) PS I.

B) glucose.

C) 3PG.

D) G3P.

E) RuBP.

49) What are the stages of the Calvin cycle?

A) carbon dioxide fixation and reduction

B) carbon dioxide fixation and regeneration of RuBP

C) the noncyclic electron pathway and the cyclic electron pathway

D) the light reactions, regeneration of RuBP, and cyclic electron pathway

E) carbon dioxide fixation, carbon dioxide reduction, and regeneration of RuBP

50) How many total carbons are involved in carbon dioxide fixation when there are 3 molecules of carbon dioxide and 3 molecules of RuBP?

A) 6

B) 12

C) 18

D) 24

E) 30

51) The Calvin cycle reactions are dependent upon a supply of

A) water and carbon dioxide.

B) carbon dioxide and NADPH.

C) carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP.

D) oxygen and carbon dioxide.

E) glucose and carbon dioxide.

52) Some herbicides inhibit the electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane. Without the movement of electrons, hydrogen ions would not be pumped from the stroma to the thylakoid space and the hydrogen ion gradient would not be established. How would this affect the Calvin cycle reactions?

A) ATP would not be produced and, as a result, the Calvin cycle reactions would not occur.

B) CO2 would not enter the cell as a result, and the Calvin cycle reactions would not occur.

C) RuBP carboxylase would not function properly, so CO2 fixation would not occur.

D) Sunlight could no longer be used by the chloroplast, but this would have no effect on the Calvin cycle reactions because they do not require light.

E) Since the Calvin cycle reactions occur in a different part of the chloroplast, there would be no effect.

53) What is the function of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) during photosynthesis?

A) It produces the CO2 needed for photosynthesis.

B) It combines with CO2 to produce a 6-carbon compound.

C) It combines with ATP to form G3P.

D) It splits water to release oxygen.

E) It splits carbon dioxide to release oxygen.

54) How much of the protein content in chloroplasts is made up of the enzyme RuBP carboxylase? Why?

A) less than 1%; the enzyme is very fast

B) less than 1%; the enzyme also catalyzes several side reactions

C) 20-50%; the enzyme also catalyzes several side reactions

D) 20-50%; the enzyme is very slow

E) almost 100%; the enzyme is very slow

55) During photosynthesis, CO2 is reduced. This means that

A) the molecule gains electrons.

B) CO2 is broken down into two smaller molecules.

C) the molecule loses electrons.

D) the molecule loses protons.

E) CO2 is released into the environment.

56) The end product of the Calvin cycle is

A) PS I.

B) RuBP carboxylase.

C) 3PG.

D) G3P.

E) RuBP.

57) Plants need other molecules besides glucose. Where do these molecules, such as cellulose and fructose, come from?

A) Glucose must always be produced first; glucose can then be used as the monomer to form everything else.

B) G3P is directly converted to many other organic molecules besides glucose.

C) Plants absorb those molecules from the environment through their roots.

D) Any molecule beyond glucose must be converted from plant tissues already present.

E) Alternative forms of photosynthesis beyond those described must be producing those molecules.

58) The hydrocarbon skeleton used to form fatty acids, glycerol, and amino acids (when N is added) is derived from

A) starch.

B) sucrose.

C) cellulose.

D) G3P.

E) glucose phosphate.

59) Most major food plants such as wheat, oats, and rice are

A) nonphotosynthetic plants.

B) C3 plants.

C) C4 plants.

D) C5 plants.

E) CAM plants.

60) Which of the following is a CAM plant?

A) rice

B) cactus

C) corn

D) wheat

E) sugarcane

61) Which of the following statement is true about C3 and C4 plants?

A) C3 plants are more successful in hot climates than C4 plants.

B) C3 plants have chloroplasts in the both the bundle sheath cells and the mesophyll cells.

C) In C3 plants, O2 competes with CO2 for the active site of RuBP carboxylase.

D) C3 plants deliver CO2 to the Calvin cycle using bundle sheath cells sheltered from leaf air spaces.

E) In C4 cells, CO2 is fixed at night to decrease water loss.

62) Over time, what would we expect in the evolution of C3, C4, and CAM strategies?

A) As the most complicated plants, CAM plants are most likely to go extinct.

B) As the probable ancestral form of photosynthesis, C3 plants are primitive and most likely to go extinct.

C) Because CAM plants make better usage of metabolism during the night, they are superior and will eventually become the dominant plants.

D) Because CO2 is delivered by the bundle sheath cells in C4 plants, they are superior and will eventually dominate.

E) Each form of photosynthesis has advantages in a heterogeneous world and, as long as environmental conditions vary, all forms will have an adaptive advantage in their unique niche.

63) CAM plants

A) do not perform any part of photosynthesis during the day.

B) fix CO2 in mesophyll cells during the day.

C) include economically important food crops like corn and sugarcane.

D) open their stomata at night to minimize water loss.

E) typically grow very quickly because they are found in hot, moist environments.

64) Which of the following is a characteristic shared by cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

A) Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration occur in plant cells.

B) Both processes produce ATP by chemiosmosis.

C) Both processes use an electron transport chain located in membranes of organelles.

D) One or more electron carriers are used in both processes.

E) All of the answers are characteristics shared by photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

65) Which of the following statements is true?

A) During cellular respiration, ATP energy is converted into carbohydrate.

B) During cellular respiration, mitochondria release oxygen.

C) During photosynthesis, energy from the sun is used to form lipids and proteins.

D) During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is used.

E) During photosynthesis, NADH and FADH2 are the electron carriers.

66) Photosynthesis and cellular respiration utilize the same chemical pathways but in reverse of each other.

67) Only organisms with chloroplasts are capable of photosynthesis.

68) At night, plants cannot run metabolic pathways because there is no sunlight.

69) In what ways are photosynthesis and cellular respiration different?

A) Both will use the electron carrier NADH.

B) Both require ATP.

C) Both require a membrane.

D) Both require a cyclical enzymatic pathway.

E) Both require an electron transport chain.

70) Which statement about photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?

A) Photosynthesis produces water, while cellular respiration uses water.

B) Photosynthesis produces oxygen, while cellular respiration uses oxygen.

C) Photosynthesis occurs in mitochondria, while cellular respiration occurs in chloroplasts.

D) Photosynthesis breaks down carbohydrates, while cellular respiration produces carbohydrates.

E) Photosynthesis requires oxygen, while cellular respiration requires sunlight.

71) Which of the following is one of the values of photosynthesis to humans?

A) It results in the production of fatty acids and oxygen.

B) It results in the production of proteins and oxygen.

C) It converts carbohydrates into usable forms of energy for humans.

D) It reduces the amount of methane in the atmosphere.

E) It reduces the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

72) Which pathway is the foundation for the majority of ecosystems and food chains on Earth?

A) photosynthesis

B) anaerobic respiration

C) aerobic respiration

D) chemosynthesis

E) decomposition

73) Which photosynthetic mode would be most favorable in a desert environment?

A) CAM

B) C3

C) C4

D) both CAM and C3

E) CAM, C3, and C4

74) Which of the following organism(s) has/have a dependence on photosynthesis for their energy?

A) white-tailed deer

B) wolves

C) squirrels

D) raccoons

E) All of the answer choices will have a dependency on photosynthesis.

75) Explain how CAM plants are adapted to a desert type of environment.

76) Write the overall chemical equation for photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

77) Which statement is accurate about how C4 plants are able to survive hot, dry spells during the growing season?

A) When the stomata close during heat stress, RuBP carboxylase is not exposed to the increase in oxygen concentration experienced in the leaf. This allows the plant to avoid photorespiration.

B) When the stomata close during heat stress, RuBP carboxylase is exposed to the increase in carbon dioxide concentration experienced in the leaf. This allows the plant to avoid photorespiration.

C) When the stomata open during heat stress, RuBP carboxylase is not exposed to the increase in oxygen concentration experienced in the leaf. This allows the plant to avoid photorespiration.

D) When the stomata close during heat stress, RuBP carboxylase is exposed to the increase in oxygen concentration experienced in the leaf. This allows the plant to undergo photorespiration.

E) When the stomata open during heat stress, RuBP carboxylase is not exposed to the increase in oxygen concentration experienced in the leaf. This allows the plant to undergo photorespiration.

78) Explain why chlorophyll appears green to our eyes.

79) Which of the following is a substrate in the photosynthesis equation?

A) CO2

B) O2

C) C6H12O6

D) H2