Test Bank Answers Ch.6 Space Perception And Binocular Vision - Updated Test Bank | Sensation & Perception 6e Wolfe by Jeremy Wolfe. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 6: Space Perception and Binocular Vision
Test Bank
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 01
1. The philosophical position arguing that there is a real world to sense is known as
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.0 Introduction
Learning Objective: 6.0.1 Explain the benefits of having two eyes rather than one, including the advantages and disadvantages of them facing forward.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
a. Euclidean philosophy.
b. positivism.
c. materialism.
d. structuralism.
e. realism.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 02
2. In the movie The Matrix, what the main character Neo thought was real life instead turned out to be a computer simulation. Which philosophical position would most readily account for such a situation?
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.0 Introduction
Learning Objective: 6.0.1 Explain the benefits of having two eyes rather than one, including the advantages and disadvantages of them facing forward.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
a. Realism
b. Positivism
c. Negativism
d. Stoicism
e. Existentialism
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 03
3. According to Euclidean geometry, parallel lines _______ as they extend through space.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.0 Introduction
Learning Objective: 6.0.1 Explain the benefits of having two eyes rather than one, including the advantages and disadvantages of them facing forward.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
a. converge
b. diverge
c. bend
d. remain parallel
e. cross
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 04
4. In humans, evolution may have favored two eyes facing forward because it statistically increases the chance of detecting a stimulus. The combination of signals from the two eyes that enhances performance on many tasks is called
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.0 Introduction
Learning Objective: 6.0.1 Explain the benefits of having two eyes rather than one, including the advantages and disadvantages of them facing forward.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
a. binocular vision.
b. stereoacuity.
c. depth perception.
d. disparity.
e. binocular summation.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 05
5. If you build a machine to detect an exotic particle, which principle explains why having two particle detectors in the machine are better than having just one?
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.0 Introduction
Learning Objective: 6.0.1 Explain the benefits of having two eyes rather than one, including the advantages and disadvantages of them facing forward.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
a. Realism
b. Positivism
c. Particle physics
d. Probability summation
e. Euclidean geometry
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 06
6. _______ is the difference between the two retinal images of the same scene and is the basis of stereopsis.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.0 Introduction
Learning Objective: 6.0.2 Describe the notions of monocular and binocular depth cues.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
a. Binocular disparity
b. Depth perception
c. Stereopsis
d. Binocular summation
e. Accommodation
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 07
7. Which of the following is not a monocular cue?
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.1 Monocular Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.1.1 Recognize the various pictorial depth cues.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
a. Occlusion
b. Relative size
c. Convergence
d. Texture gradient
e. Aerial perspective
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 08
8. Using the depth cue of _______ you can tell how far away something is based on how much detail is visible in the elements on the ground between you and the object.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.1 Monocular Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.1.1 Recognize the various pictorial depth cues.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
a. occlusion
b. aerial perspective
c. linear perspective
d. relative height
e. texture gradient
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 09
9. Refer to the figure.
This figure depicts the _______ depth cue.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.1 Monocular Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.1.1 Recognize the various pictorial depth cues.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
a. occlusion
b. linear perspective
c. texture gradient
d. haze/aerial perspective
e. anamorphic projection
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 10
10. Refer to the figure.
This figure depicts the depth cue of
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.1 Monocular Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.1.1 Recognize the various pictorial depth cues.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
a. occlusion.
b. aerial perspective.
c. linear perspective.
d. relative height.
e. familiar size.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 11
11. Refer to the image.
The scene pictured demonstrates the _______ depth cue.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.1 Monocular Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.1.1 Recognize the various pictorial depth cues.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
a. motion parallax
b. haze/aerial perspective
c. linear perspective
d. accommodation
e. convergence
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 12
12. Refer to the figure.
This figure illustrates the _______ depth cue.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.1 Monocular Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.1.1 Recognize the various pictorial depth cues.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
a. motion parallax
b. aerial perspective
c. linear perspective
d. accommodation
e. convergence
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 13
13. Suppose you are looking at a road that recedes into the distance. Which depth cue describes the way the edges of the road seem to converge in the retinal image?
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.1 Monocular Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.1.1 Recognize the various pictorial depth cues.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
a. Motion parallax
b. Aerial perspective
c. Convergence
d. Accommodation
e. Linear perspective
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 14
14. Parallel lines in the world appear to meet at a single location called the
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.1 Monocular Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.1.1 Recognize the various pictorial depth cues.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
a. parallax.
b. singularity.
c. linear convergence.
d. vanishing point.
e. horopter.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 15
15. _______ is any sort of depth cue that can be depicted by an artist on a canvas.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.1 Monocular Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.1.1 Recognize the various pictorial depth cues.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
a. A pictorial depth cue
b. Convergence
c. Motion parallax
d. An absolute metrical depth cue
e. Accommodation
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 16
16. When an artist paints trees on a landscape extending into the distance, she distributes the trees vertically to simulate _______, and makes trees that are farther away smaller, simulating _______.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.1 Monocular Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.1.1 Recognize the various pictorial depth cues.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
a. relative height; aerial perspective
b. aerial perspective; relative size
c. relative size; relative height
d. relative height; relative size
e. relative size; aerial perspective
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 17
17. A(n) _______ is an image that appears distorted unless viewed from a very specific angle.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.1 Monocular Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.1.1 Recognize the various pictorial depth cues.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
a. random dot stereogram
b. anamorphic projection
c. horopter
d. stereoscope
e. Cyclopean image
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 18
18. Which of the following is not a metrical depth cue?
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.1 Monocular Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.1.2 Describe the difference between metrical and non-metrical depth cues.
Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyzing
a. Motion parallax
b. Relative size
c. Relative height
d. Stereopsis
e. Occlusion
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 19
19. _______ provide(s) precise quantitative information about distance in the third dimension.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.1 Monocular Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.1.2 Describe the difference between metrical and non-metrical depth cues.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
a. Relative height
b. Metrical depth cues
c. Nonmetrical depth cues
d. Aerial perspective
e. Occlusion
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 20
20. Which depth cue can provide information about precise distance from the observer?
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.1 Monocular Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.1.2 Describe the difference between metrical and non-metrical depth cues.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
a. Relative height
b. Aerial perspective
c. Occlusion
d. Linear perspective
e. Familiar size
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 21
21. As a depth cue, occlusion provides _______ information.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.1 Monocular Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.1.2 Describe the difference between metrical and non-metrical depth cues.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
a. relative height
b. motion parallax
c. nonmetrical depth
d. relative metrical depth
e. absolute metrical depth
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 22
22. Which depth cue gives you the most precise metrical information about object distance?
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.1 Monocular Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.1.2 Describe the difference between metrical and non-metrical depth cues.
Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluating
a. Relative height
b. Relative size
c. Texture gradient
d. Haze/aerial perspective
e. Stereopsis
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 23
23. _______ is an important depth cue that comes into play during head movements or while moving through an environment.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.2 Triangulation Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the triangulation cue of motion parallax.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
a. Motion parallax
b. Familiar size
c. Convergence
d. Vanishing point
e. Stereopsis
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 24
24. When driving in a car, the fact that light posts by the side of the road move faster across your eye than do distant buildings is the visual cue known as
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.2 Triangulation Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.2.1 Describe the triangulation cue of motion parallax.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
a. relative height.
b. occlusion.
c. linear perspective.
d. stereo disparity.
e. motion parallax.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 25
25. Turning the two eyes inward to place the two images of a feature in the world on corresponding locations in the two retinal images is known as
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.2 Triangulation Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.2.2 Describe the triangulation cues of accommodation and convergence.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
a. accommodation.
b. divergence.
c. convergence.
d. disparity.
e. linear perspective.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 26
26. If a fly lands on your nose and you turn your eyes inward to look at it, what kind of eye movement are you making?
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.2 Triangulation Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.2.2 Describe the triangulation cues of accommodation and convergence.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
a. Convergent
b. Divergent
c. Saccadic
d. Reflexive
e. Smooth pursuit
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 27
27. The process by which the eye changes its focus by adjusting the lens is called
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.2 Triangulation Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.2.2 Describe the triangulation cues of accommodation and convergence.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
a. accommodation.
b. divergence.
c. convergence.
d. disparity.
e. linear perspective.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 28
28. If a camera judges the distance of an object based on the lens setting that causes the object to appear in focus, then the camera is using the depth cue of
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.2 Triangulation Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.2.2 Describe the triangulation cues of accommodation and convergence.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
a. aerial perspective.
b. motion parallax.
c. stereo vision.
d. accommodation.
e. convergence.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 29
29. Refer to the figure.
The imaginary (gray) circle in the figure is known as
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.3 Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.3.1 Explain the concept of retinal disparity, including both crossed and uncrossed disparity.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
a. the vanishing point.
b. the horopter.
c. Panum’s circle.
d. the convergence point.
e. the stereo circle.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 30
30. Refer to the figure.
In this figure, what do the red and blue circles have in common?
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.3 Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.3.1 Explain the concept of retinal disparity, including both crossed and uncrossed disparity.
Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyzing
a. They have the same retinal sizes.
b. They have the same linear perspective.
c. They both have the same disparity.
d. They both have uncrossed disparity.
e. They both have crossed disparity.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 31
31. _______ is the surface of zero disparity, or the location of objects whose images lie on corresponding points in the two eyes.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.3 Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.3.1 Explain the concept of retinal disparity, including both crossed and uncrossed disparity.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
a. The vanishing point
b. The Vieth-Müller circle
c. Panum’s circle
d. The convergence point
e. The stereo circle
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 32
32. The difference between crossed disparity and uncrossed disparity is that crossed disparity involves objects that are _______ the plane of fixation, while uncrossed disparity involves objects that are _______ the plane of fixation.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.3 Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.3.1 Explain the concept of retinal disparity, including both crossed and uncrossed disparity.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
a. below; above
b. above; below
c. behind; in front of
d. in front of; behind
e. exactly at; in front of
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 33
33. Refer to the figure.
This figure depicts a(n)
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.3 Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.3.2 Describe how stereoscopes and stereograms create the impression of objects distributed in depth.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
a. convergence test.
b. occluder.
c. metronome.
d. stereoscope.
e. accommodation test.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 34
34. Virtual reality headsets have a separate display for each eye. What is another technical name for such a device?
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.3 Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.3.2 Describe how stereoscopes and stereograms create the impression of objects distributed in depth.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
a. Heads up display
b. Stereoscope
c. Corrective lenses
d. Random dot stereogram
e. Autostereogram
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 35
35. During free fusion, the eyes _______ in order to view a stereogram without a stereoscope.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.3 Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.3.2 Describe how stereoscopes and stereograms create the impression of objects distributed in depth.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
a. converge or diverge
b. are half closed
c. use the motion parallax
d. use the pictorial depth cue
e. glaze over
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 36
36. Virtual reality headsets display a different image to each eye, which is technically a form of _______ presentation.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.3 Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.3.2 Describe how stereoscopes and stereograms create the impression of objects distributed in depth.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
a. biopic
b. monoptic
c. stereoptic
d. chronoptic
e. dichoptic
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 37
37. A random dot stereogram contains
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.3 Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.3.3 Describe the correspondence problem in stereoscopic vision and how it is solved by the visual system.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
a. many monocular cues.
b. a horopter.
c. no monocular cues.
d. a vanishing point.
e. occlusion cues.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 38
38. Refer to the figure.
This figure is an example of
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.3 Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.3.3 Describe the correspondence problem in stereoscopic vision and how it is solved by the visual system.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
a. a random dot stereogram.
b. motion parallax.
c. strabismus.
d. stereoblindness.
e. diplopia.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 39
39. The theoretical significance of random dot stereograms is that they show that
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.3 Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.3.3 Describe the correspondence problem in stereoscopic vision and how it is solved by the visual system.
Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyzing
a. accommodation and convergence cannot be uncoupled.
b. stereo vision can be achieved only with identifiable shapes.
c. stereo vision can be achieved without identifiable shapes.
d. the parvocellular system cannot perceive stereo.
e. the magnocellular system cannot perceive stereo.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 40
40. The problem of determining which bit of the image in the left eye should be matched with which bit of image in the right eye is known as the
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.3 Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.3.3 Describe the correspondence problem in stereoscopic vision and how it is solved by the visual system.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
a. Cyclopean problem.
b. correspondence problem.
c. motion paradox.
d. disparity paradox.
e. convergence problem.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 41
41. Which of the following cannot be used to solve the correspondence problem?
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.3 Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.3.3 Describe the correspondence problem in stereoscopic vision and how it is solved by the visual system.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
a. A low spatial frequency version of the image
b. The uniqueness constraint
c. The continuity constraint
d. The disparity constraint
e. Binocular neurons in primary visual cortex.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 42
42. Stereoblindness usually results from
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.3 Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.3.4 Describe the physiological basis of stereopsis and depth perception.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
a. stroke.
b. visual neglect.
c. childhood disorders.
d. agnosia.
e. glaucoma.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 43
43. Which of the following is evidence for neurons that encode the horopter?
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.3 Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.3.4 Describe the physiological basis of stereopsis and depth perception.
Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyzing
a. Binocular neurons that respond best when retinal images are on corresponding points in the two retinas.
b. Binocular neurons that respond best when retinal images are on different points in the two retinas.
c. Binocular neurons that respond best to the right eye.
d. Binocular neurons that respond best to the left eye.
e. Binocular neurons that respond best when a feature is seen in one eye but not the other.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 44
44. If you are able to free-fuse a display and get it to appear in focus but not perceive any apparent depth, then you might be
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.3 Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.3.4 Describe the physiological basis of stereopsis and depth perception.
Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyzing
a. esotropic.
b. exotropic.
c. strabismic.
d. stereoblind.
e. an object agnostic.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 45
45. _______ is based on the idea that prior knowledge could influence the estimates of the probability of a current event.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.4 Combining Depth Cues
Learning Objective: 6.4.1 Explain how the Bayesian approach can be applied to depth perception.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
a. Binocular rivalry philosophy
b. Euclidean philosophy
c. The Bayesian approach
d. The uniqueness constraint
e. The correspondence problem
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 46
46. If you want to know the probability that the world is in a particular state given a particular observation, which formal approach should you use?
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.4 Combining Depth Cues
Learning Objective: 6.4.1 Explain how the Bayesian approach can be applied to depth perception.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
a. Binocular summation
b. Bayesian approach
c. Probability summation
d. Critical period analysis
e. Positivism
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 47
47. Refer to the figure.
In this figure, the viewer mistakes the two horizontal lines to be
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.4 Combining Depth Cues
Learning Objective: 6.4.2 Describe how the (mis)application of depth cues can lead to illusions.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
a. not parallel to one another.
b. closer to each other than they actually are.
c. farther away from each other than they actually are.
d. the same length.
e. of different lengths.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 48
48. Refer to the figure.
In this figure, why might the top horizontal line appear to be longer than the bottom line?
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.4 Combining Depth Cues
Learning Objective: 6.4.2 Describe how the (mis)application of depth cues can lead to illusions.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
a. Relative height makes the top line appear closer, which means it must be longer.
b. Linear perspective makes the top line appear farther away, which means it must be longer.
c. Relative size makes the top line appear closer, which means it must be longer.
d. Binocular disparity makes the top line appear farther away, which means it must be longer.
e. Motion parallax makes the top line appear farther away, which means it must be longer.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 49
49. Refer to the figure.
If these two images are free-fused, it leads to
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.4 Combining Depth Cues
Learning Objective: 6.4.3 Explain the concepts of binocular rivalry and suppression.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
a. stereoblindness.
b. absolute disparity.
c. relative disparity.
d. binocular rivalry.
e. stereopsis.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 50
50. _______ is a measure of the smallest binocular disparity that can generate a sensation of depth.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.4 Combining Depth Cues
Learning Objective: 6.4.3 Explain the concepts of binocular rivalry and suppression.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
a. Minimum disparity
b. Stereoacuity
c. Stereo sensitivity
d. Disparity threshold
e. Stereo parallax
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 51
51. _______ refers to the presentation of two stimuli, one to each eye.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.4 Combining Depth Cues
Learning Objective: 6.4.3 Explain the concepts of binocular rivalry and suppression.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
a. Biopic
b. Monoptic
c. Dichoptic
d. Stereoptic
e. Chronoptic
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 52
52. If normal binocular visual stimulation is not experienced during _______, then proper stereo vision might not develop.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.5 Development of Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.5.1 Outline the stages in the normal development of stereopsis.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
a. gestation
b. adulthood
c. adolescence
d. the critical period
e. the early period
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 53
53. _______ disrupts binocular vision because one or both eyes are not aligned properly.
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.5 Development of Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.5.2 Describe the various ways in which visual problems early in life can lead to abnormal visual development and stereoblindness.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
a. Strabismus
b. Hyperopia
c. Emmetropia
d. Presbyopia
e. Free fusion
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 54
54. If the two eyes are not aligned properly the brain tends to ignore information from one eye. This phenomenon is known as
Feedback: Textbook Reference: 6.5 Development of Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.5.2 Describe the various ways in which visual problems early in life can lead to abnormal visual development and stereoblindness.
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering
a. esotropia.
b. exotropia.
c. suppression.
d. strabismus.
e. Cyclopean vision.
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 55
55. What is the difference between metrical and nonmetrical depth cues?
Feedback: Metrical depth cues provide precise information about the distance of objects from the observer. Nonmetrical depth cues provide information about depth ordering or relative distance in depth, but do not tell the observer the absolute distance of objects.
Textbook Reference: 6.1 Monocular Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.1.2 Describe the difference between metrical and non-metrical depth cues.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 56
56. What is a random dot stereogram and why is it theoretically important?
Feedback: A random dot stereogram is a collection of black and white dots that, on their own, do not seem to contain any objects. However, when the images are fused (either free-fused or with a stereoscope), one or more surfaces or shapes appear to pop out of the image. Random dot stereograms are theoretically interesting because they prove that the brain may solve the correspondence problem before perceiving objects, which surprised many researchers who had the opposite theory.
Textbook Reference: 6.3 Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.3.3 Describe the correspondence problem in stereoscopic vision and how it is solved by the visual system.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 57
57. What is the correspondence problem in stereo vision?
Feedback: The correspondence problem is the problem of figuring out which pieces of an image in one eye match up with which pieces of an image in the other eye. The brain must solve the correspondence problem to compute binocular disparity and perceive images in stereoscopic depth.
Textbook Reference: 6.3 Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.3.3 Describe the correspondence problem in stereoscopic vision and how it is solved by the visual system.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 58
58. What happens when two different images are presented to the two eyes?
Feedback: When different images are presented to each eye and the visual system is not able to combine them into a single Cyclopean image, perceptual awareness of the images seems to shift back and forth between the two eyes. All or part of the image from one eye will seem to be dominant at one time before switching over to the other eye.
Textbook Reference: 6.3 Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.3.3 Describe the correspondence problem in stereoscopic vision and how it is solved by the visual system.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 59
59. Define and compare the following monocular depth cues: occlusion, relative height, relative size, texture gradient, and familiar size.
Feedback: Occlusion is when one object covers up another object; the object that is covered is behind and the one doing the covering is in front. This informs the observer about relative depth. In the case of relative height, for objects on the ground plane, the higher up they are in the visual field, the farther they are away from the observer. This is a relative depth cue. In the case of relative size, all else being equal, smaller objects appear to be farther away from the observer than larger objects. Texture gradient is a combination of relative size and relative height. Texture on the ground appears to be larger and more detailed the closer it is to the observer. In the case of familiar size, if the typical size of an object is known, its distance from the observer can be inferred based on its current relative size.
Textbook Reference: 6.1 Monocular Cues to Three-Dimensional Space
Learning Objective: 6.1.2 Describe the difference between metrical and non-metrical depth cues.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 60
60. What is the Bayesian approach and why is it important for visual perception?
Feedback: The Bayesian approach addresses with how the brain combines information from multiple sources to arrive at a best guess about the layout of the world. Since the world is three-dimensional and the retinal image(s) are two-dimensional, one dimension of information is lost. Therefore, the brain needs to make intelligent guesses about the three-dimensional world that probably gave rise to the two-dimensional image being perceived. It does this by taking into account the prior probability of certain events occurring and incorporating those probabilities into the final percept via Bayes’ theorem, or the probability of a certain observation given certain kinds of evidence.
Textbook Reference: 6.4 Combining Depth Cues
Learning Objective: 6.4.1 Explain how the Bayesian approach can be applied to depth perception.
Bloom’s Level: 4. Analyzing
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 06 Question 61
61. What is a critical period and how does it relate to the development of stereo vision?
Feedback: A critical period is a window of time during which the brain must receive specific kinds of input in order for certain developmental milestones to be achieved. In the case of stereo vision, if the two eyes are not aligned properly (strabismus) or do not have the same acuity during the critical period, the ability to see in stereo will not develop. There is some evidence that individuals may develop stereo vision later in life, but for the most part, the brain must receive the proper input during the critical period for stereo vision to develop.
Textbook Reference: 6.5 Development of Binocular Vision and Stereopsis
Learning Objective: 6.5.2 Describe the various ways in which visual problems early in life can lead to abnormal visual development and stereoblindness.
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding
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