Test Bank Answers Ch.15 Water

Environmental Science, 15e (Enger)

Chapter 15 Water

1) Laws regulating access to the water in lakes and rivers in the United States:

A) are the same in all states.

B) eastern states have a rule that everyone living near a source of surface water has a right to use it.

C) western states have a rule that the government of the state allocates access to water.

D) the use of water for drinking has priority over all other uses.

2) Unpolluted freshwater supplies

A) are available to most of the people of the world.

B) are primarily provided by groundwater.

C) typically require treatment before being delivered to homes.

D) are becoming more common as sources of pollution are eliminated.

3) The majority of freshwater in the world is present as

A) ice and glaciers.

B) groundwater.

C) rivers and lakes.

D) aquifers.

4) Supplies of potable freshwater are in short supply in many parts of the world because

A) of pollution of lakes and rivers.

B) irrigation uses all of the freshwater is many areas.

C) of salt water intrusion.

D) None of these are correct.

5) By the year 2025, it is projected that ________ of the world's population will live in water-stressed areas.

A) 25% (one-fourth)

B) 33% (one-third)

C) 90% (nine-tenths)

D) 66% (two-thirds)

6) Water enters the atmosphere because of

A) plants releasing water from their surfaces.

B) evaporation from lakes, rivers, and oceans.

C) evaporation from the soil surface.

D) All of the statements are correct.

7) Which of the follow pairs of terms are related to one another?

A) groundwater and evaporation

B) groundwater and aquifer

C) groundwater and runoff

D) confined aquifer and water table

8) Groundwater

A) is in porous rock and does not flow.

B) can only reach the surface if it is pumped.

C) accumulates from water that falls on the land's surface.

D) has no contaminants.

9) The amount of oxygen required to decompose organic matter in water is called

A) BOD.

B) respiration.

C) photosynthesis.

D) DO.

10) Which nutrient(s) stimulates algae and aquatic plant growth?

A) nitrates and oxygen

B) lead

C) phosphates and carbon dioxide

D) nitrates and phosphates

11) What is biochemical oxygen demand?

A) amount of oxygen required to decay a certain amount of organic matter

B) a necessary material that is in short supply

C) method by which settled organic matter is returned to aeration tanks

D) None of these are correct.

12) Eutrophication occurs when

A) nutrient increase causes excessive aquatic plant growth.

B) point source pollutants enter the groundwater.

C) fecal coliform bacteria enters drinking water.

D) an industry returns heated water to its source.

13) All of the following are examples of ways humans alter the natural hydrologic cycle EXCEPT:

A) evaporation as a result of irrigation.

B) evapotranspiration from forests.

C) runoff from city streets.

D) Pumping water from aquifers.

14) All of the following processes are part of the hydrologic cycle EXCEPT:

A) evapotranspiration.

B) flow of water to the oceans.

C) precipitation.

D) saltwater intrusion.

15) A trickling filter system is generally used

A) to remove dissolved organic matter.

B) to remove small objects.

C) to remove phosphorus.

D) to increase the amount of sewage sludge.

16) Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with groundwater mining?

A) saltwater intrusion.

B) subsidence.

C) increased cost to pump the water to the surface.

D) increased likelihood that the aquifer will become contaminated.

17) Which of the following is a source of nonpoint water pollution?

A) runoff from city streets.

B) dust and other air pollutants that enter water.

C) agricultural runoff.

D) All options are examples of nonpoint water pollution.

E) None of the options is an example of nonpoint water pollution.

18) Which of the following are important water pollution problems?

A) The amount of oxygen in the water

B) The amount of particulates in the water

C) The amount of carbon dioxide in the water

D) All of these are correct.

19) Thermal pollution of water is primarily from

A) runoff from streets.

B) increasing temperature due to climate change.

C) release of heated water from industry.

D) All of these are correct.

20) Which of the following is a source of groundwater contamination?

A) the use of fertilizer and pesticides.

B) septic tanks.

C) ponds on the surface that store liquid waste.

D) All of these are correct.

21) The presence of coliform bacteria in a source of drinking water indicates

A) that it has been contaminated with human or animal waste.

B) that it contains toxic materials.

C) that it has a high biochemical oxygen demand.

D) All of these are correct statements.

22) In the United States, Las Vegas, Nevada is one of the fastest growing population centers and this has resulted in

A) an increase in demand for water.

B) forcing the city to look for water farther away.

C) many people having to move away from the city.

D) Both an increase in demand for water and forcing the city to look for water farther away are correct.

23) The upper surface of an unconfined aquifer is called a(n)

A) water table.

B) aquifer.

C) aquiclude.

D) unconfined aquifer.

24) The porous layer where water accumulates in the ground is called a(n)

A) aquitard.

B) water table.

C) aquifer.

D) aquiclude.

25) The major consumptive use of water in most parts of the world is for

A) domestic use.

B) agricultural use.

C) in-stream use.

D) industrial use.

26) Which of the following involves the removal of phosphorous and nitrogen from sewage?

A) tertiary sewage treatment

B) primary sewage treatment

C) secondary sewage treatment

D) activated sludge sewage treatment

27) Which of the following removes larger particles from sewage by screening or settling?

A) tertiary sewage treatment

B) activated sludge sewage treatment

C) secondary sewage treatment

D) primary sewage treatment

28) On a worldwide basis, which of the following uses the least water?

A) industry

B) agriculture

C) hydroelectric power plants

D) domestic uses (drinking, cooking, toilets, etc.)

29) What two activities use the most water for a typical North American family of four?

A) bathing and cooking

B) dishes and drinking

C) lawns and toilets

D) laundry and car washing

30) Which of these is an issue that commonly results in an international water dispute?

A) hydroelectric facilities

B) recreational use permits

C) water allocation to different countries

D) wetland mitigation

31) What percent of sewage is treated in North America?

A) 90%

B) 75%

C) 50%

D) 25%

32) Which of the following is a common problem associated with irrigation?

A) Evaporation causes salt to accumulate in the soil.

B) The water that flows from irrigated fields is contaminated.

C) Pumping water for irrigation lowers water tables.

D) All of the statements are correct.

33) What two land uses result in substantial wetland loss in the United States?

A) rural development and forestry

B) urban development and agriculture

C) national parks and forestry

D) military bases and rangeland grazing

34) Bottled water

A) has fewer contaminants than water from a municipal water system.

B) costs more than water from a municipal water system.

C) is always distilled.

D) None of these statements is correct.

35) Worldwide, there is a relationship between the price of water and the amount consumed. As the price

A) increase, water use decreases.

B) increases, water use increases.

C) decreases, water use decreases.

D) decreases, water use is unchanged.

36) The Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan of 2000 would

A) store water and release it slowly into the system to allow recovery of native species.

B) transport water to population centers in northern Florida.

C) be very inexpensive.

D) drain more water out of the system to control flooding.

Which of the following best matches the description?

37) Physical process of transferring water from one area to another.

A) point source

B) water table

C) aquifer

D) septic tank

E) unconfined aquifer

F) confined aquifer

G) aquiclude

H) aquitard

J) in-stream uses

K) water diversion

L) artesian aquifer

M) groundwater mining

N) landfills

O) nonpoint source

P) surface impoundment

38) Aquifer that is bound on the top and bottom by impermeable layers.

A) point source

B) water table

C) aquifer

D) septic tank

E) unconfined aquifer

F) confined aquifer

G) aquiclude

H) aquitard

J) in-stream uses

K) water diversion

L) artesian aquifer

M) groundwater mining

N) landfills

O) nonpoint source

P) surface impoundment

39) Pressurized aquifer intersecting the surface from which water gushes without being pumped.

A) point source

B) water table

C) aquifer

D) septic tank

E) unconfined aquifer

F) confined aquifer

G) aquiclude

H) aquitard

J) in-stream uses

K) water diversion

L) artesian aquifer

M) groundwater mining

N) landfills

O) nonpoint source

P) surface impoundment

40) Diffuse pollutants, such as agricultural runoff that are not from a single source.

A) point source

B) water table

C) aquifer

D) septic tank

E) unconfined aquifer

F) confined aquifer

G) aquiclude

H) aquitard

J) in-stream uses

K) water diversion

L) artesian aquifer

M) groundwater mining

N) landfills

O) nonpoint source

P) surface impoundment

41) Removal of water from an aquifer faster than it is replaced.

A) point source

B) water table

C) aquifer

D) septic tank

E) unconfined aquifer

F) confined aquifer

G) aquiclude

H) aquitard

J) in-stream uses

K) water diversion

L) artesian aquifer

M) groundwater mining

N) landfills

O) nonpoint source

P) surface impoundment

42) Top of the layer of water in an aquifer.

A) point source

B) water table

C) aquifer

D) septic tank

E) unconfined aquifer

F) confined aquifer

G) aquiclude

H) aquitard

J) in-stream uses

K) water diversion

L) artesian aquifer

M) groundwater mining

N) landfills

O) nonpoint source

P) surface impoundment

43) Underground tank that serves to treat waste from households.

A) point source

B) water table

C) aquifer

D) septic tank

E) unconfined aquifer

F) confined aquifer

G) aquiclude

H) aquitard

J) in-stream uses

K) water diversion

L) artesian aquifer

M) groundwater mining

N) landfills

O) nonpoint source

P) surface impoundment

44) Use of a stream's water flow for such purposes as hydroelectric power.

A) point source

B) water table

C) aquifer

D) septic tank

E) unconfined aquifer

F) confined aquifer

G) aquiclude

H) aquitard

J) in-stream uses

K) water diversion

L) artesian aquifer

M) groundwater mining

N) landfills

O) nonpoint source

P) surface impoundment

45) Method of disposing of solid waste that involves burying the waste.

A) point source

B) water table

C) aquifer

D) septic tank

E) unconfined aquifer

F) confined aquifer

G) aquiclude

H) aquitard

J) in-stream uses

K) water diversion

L) artesian aquifer

M) groundwater mining

N) landfills

O) nonpoint source

P) surface impoundment

46) Pollution from a single pipe or series of pipes.

A) point source

B) water table

C) aquifer

D) septic tank

E) unconfined aquifer

F) confined aquifer

G) aquiclude

H) aquitard

J) in-stream uses

K) water diversion

L) artesian aquifer

M) groundwater mining

N) landfills

O) nonpoint source

P) surface impoundment

47) The energy needed to drive the hydrologic cycle is provided by the sun.

48) Temperature change in water can alter the kinds and number of plants and animals.

49) Water is a solvent that can dissolve and carry substances, such as nutrients and domestic waste.

50) Protected forested watersheds help to maintain a steady flow of drinking water to many areas.

51) An influx of organic compounds containing nitrogen and phosphorus into aquatic environments can cause an increase in aquatic plant and algae growth.

52) Water that infiltrates the soil and is stored underground is called runoff.

53) Agricultural runoff and mine drainage are examples of point sources of pollution.

54) The amount of runoff and evaporation is directly related to land use.

55) Activated sludge sewage treatment is a type of primary wastewater treatment.

56) Thermal pollution occurs when industry returns heated water to its source.

57) Oxygen depletion can cause increased decomposition of organic matter.

58) The largest consumptive use of water is for municipal drinking water.

59) A major source of water pollution is municipal sewage.

60) Cooling ponds and cooling towers are methods of controlling thermal pollution.

61) Tertiary treatment removes large particles by filtering water through large screens.

62) Shortages of potable water can be attributed chiefly to natural, physical processes.

63) Water is a nonrenewable resource because once it is polluted, it is no longer potable.

64) The organisms of shores and wetlands can remove pollutants.

65) Much bottled water is actually processed tap water.

66) Treated wastewater that meets federal and state standards drinking water standards is being used as drinking water.

67) Land use has an impact in how water infiltrates and on surface runoff.

68) Water diversion is part of the water-use planning process.

69) Groundwater mining accounts for nearly half of the drinking water in the United States.

70) Marine oil pollution is a type of water pollution.

71) There is little difference between point and nonpoint source pollution.

72) Water supplies are distributed evenly around the world.

73) "Water stress" is a situation in which disruptive water shortages can frequently occur.

74) The U.S. Federal Wild and Scenic Rivers Act of 1968 requires all federal agencies to consider the wild, scenic, or recreational value of rivers when planning river or adjacent land use.

75) Las Vegas, Nevada, has seen a great increase in the demand for water since it is one of the fastest growing regions in the U.S.

76) Flood control measures to drain the Everglades resulted in devastating native plant and animal communities.

77) Metropolitan areas must deal with a variety of issues to provide basic water services including:

A) Water supply for human and industrial needs

B) Wastewater collection and treatment

C) Storm water collection and management

D) Water supply for human and industrial needs and wastewater collection and treatment

E) All of the options are correct

78) Under the riparian doctrine for surface water if you live close to a river or lake you have:

A) reasonable rights to use that water.

B) ownership of that water.

C) agricultural use of the water only.

D) no rights to the use of the water.

79) Prior appropriation allocates water rights based on:

A) who owns the most land.

B) who is the first born child.

C) who started using the water first.

D) who owns the most livestock.

80) The ecosystem in the Everglades National Park was impacted most by:

A) Increased commercial fishing

B) Conversion of adjacent land to agriculture and urban development

C) Introduction of invasive animal species

D) Restricting recreational fishing

81) Water is a renewable resource that circulates continually between the atmosphere and:

A) The ozone

B) The temperate zone

C) The outer limits

D) The Earth's surface