Test Bank Chapter 17 Climate Change A 21st Century Issue

Environmental Science, 15e (Enger)

Chapter 17 Climate Change: A 21st Century Issue

1) The small amount of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere

A) causes some of the sun's energy to be radiate to outer space.

B) causes ice to melt.

C) raises the average temperature of Earth about 30°C (60°F) higher than if the carbon dioxide was absent.

D) None of these statements is correct.

2) Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

A) reduces the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching Earth.

B) reduces the amount of the sun's energy reaching Earth.

C) reduces the amount of energy leaving Earth.

D) All of these statements are correct.

E) None of these statements is correct.

3) The geologic evidence that much of North America and Europe was covered with glaciers until about 10,000 years ago provided evidence that

A) there has been great change in climate during the time humans have been present.

B) sea level fell because water was tied up in glaciers.

C) the kinds of plants and animals present at the time were adapted to cooler temperatures.

D) All of these statements are correct.

E) None of these statements is correct.

4) Which of the following pairs of events appear to be linked?

A) increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and increased temperature of Earth

B) melting glaciers and increased sea level

C) increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and low pH in the ocean

D) All of these statements show logical linkage.

5) In addition to carbon dioxide, which of the following is a greenhouse gas?

A) Oxygen

B) Methane

C) Nitrogen

D) Carbon monoxide

6) All of the following facts support the concept of a warming climate EXCEPT

A) sea level has increased.

B) volcanoes are more frequent.

C) the growing season of crops has increased.

D) ice sheets are thinner and glaciers are retreating.

7) The two greenhouse gases that have the greatest impact on climate change are

A) Chlorofluorocarbons and methane.

B) Methane and water vapor.

C) Nitrous oxide and methane.

D) Methane and carbon dioxide.

8) Which of the following statements correctly shows the relationship between the ideas of climate change and global warming?

A) Climate change leads to global warming.

B) Climate change is a logical outcome of global warming.

C) Climate change is really the same as global warming.

D) None of these statements is correct.

9) Which of the following greenhouse gases appears to be declining?

A) carbon dioxide

B) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

C) methane

D) nitrous oxide

10) If the world is to prevent significant climate change, which of the following would be MOST effective?

A) Continue to ban chlorofluorocarbons

B) Reducing methane releases

C) Reducing the use of nitrogen fertilizers

D) Reducing fossil fuel use

11) The following list is a list of facts.

1. permafrost in the arctic is melting

2. Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are losing mass.

3. the area covered by the Arctic sea ice is getting smaller.

4. sea level has risen.

A logical conclusion is that

A) carbon dioxide is increasing.

B) the climate is getting warmer.

C) the oceans are getting more acid.

D) these facts are not related.

12) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is an international organization of the United Nations

A) that concludes the Earth is warming.

B) that concludes human activity is affecting climate.

C) that concludes that increased carbon dioxide is involved in increasing the temperature.

D) All statements are correct.

13) According to the IPCC, all of the following are likely to happen as a result of a warming planet EXCEPT:

A) increased risk of flooding.

B) increased risk of illness and death due to heat.

C) increased agricultural productivity.

D) increased number of severe weather events.

14) The hydrologic cycle would be affected by a warming climate because

A) increased numbers of cloud would reduce sunlight.

B) evaporation of water from the ocean would decrease.

C) snow melt will occur earlier in the year.

D) evaporation would result in less water in the hydrologic cycle.

15) Which of the following determines the earth's temperature?

A) Distance from the sun

B) Energy output of the sun

C) Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere

D) All options are correct.

16) Nitrous oxide enters the atmosphere through the burning of fossil fuels and

A) use of fertilizers.

B) cattle.

C) wetlands.

D) rice paddies.

17) Which of the following changes to the oceans are anticipated with continued increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

A) Sea level will increase because as the water in the ocean warms up it expands.

B) Sea level will rise because glaciers on land will melt.

C) The oceans will become more acid.

D) All options are correct.

18) A general pattern to climate change is that the polar regions are warming faster than the rest of the Earth. This is likely to cause

A) more air pollution in polar regions.

B) many organisms will be able to expand their range toward the poles as the climate warms.

C) tropical diseases will move to the poles.

D) None of these is correct.

19) Which of the following is NOT likely as a result of climate change?

A) Some coral reefs will become extinct.

B) Regions with permafrost will decrease.

C) Tropical areas will become major food raising areas.

D) In mountains some species will need to move to higher elevations to survive.

20) In order to prevent continued warming of the Earth

A) release of carbon dioxide must decline.

B) use of fossil fuels must decline.

C) countries must agree that there is a problem and be willing to make changes.

D) All of these statements are correct.

21) The main activity of the U.N. initiated Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is

A) to establish policies for countries to follow.

B) to provide regular assessments of knowledge about climate change and its consequences.

C) to provide financial support to third world countries.

D) None of these are correct.

22) The Paris Agreements of 2015

A) resulted in a plan to reduce the release of greenhouse gases.

B) requires countries to make commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and report on their progress on meeting the goals.

C) There are no provisions to force countries to meet their goals.

D) All of these statements are correct.

23) Which of the following is a weakness of the Paris Agreement?

A) For countries to meet their commitments they will need to spend huge amounts of money to improve energy efficiency.

B) The goal of keeping global temperature to no more than 2°C will cause many countries to withdraw from the agreement.

C) Most countries are not making commitments.

D) All of these are correct statements.

24) Which of the following countries has the highest carbon dioxide releases per person?

A) China

B) United States

C) India

D) Germany

25) A policy to combat climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions causes some groups of people to reject such a policy. Why might this be true?

A) The use of fossil fuels must decrease.

B) The science behind climate change is weak.

C) Climate change is hard to understand.

D) None of these statements is correct.

26) Which of the following is a policy initiative of Germany to help reduce carbon dioxide emissions?

A) a tax on motor freight per distance traveled

B) a tax on the use of energy sources such as coal, coke, and lignite

C) low interest loans for the installation of solar energy technology

D) setting a goal to provide 80% of electricity from renewable resources by 2050

E) All statements are correct.

Which of the following best matches the description?

27) International agreement on greenhouse gas emissions

A) Greenhouse effect.

B) Carbon dioxide.

C) climate change.

D) Methane.

E) CFCs.

F) Global warming.

G) greenhouse gases.

H) Kyoto Protocol.

J) IPCC.

K) Nitrous oxide.

28) The most abundant greenhouse gas

A) Greenhouse effect.

B) Carbon dioxide.

C) climate change.

D) Methane.

E) CFCs.

F) Global warming.

G) greenhouse gases.

H) Kyoto Protocol.

J) IPCC.

K) Nitrous oxide.

29) Greenhouse gas released into the atmosphere from cattle and rice paddies

A) Greenhouse effect.

B) Carbon dioxide.

C) climate change.

D) Methane.

E) CFCs.

F) Global warming.

G) greenhouse gases.

H) Kyoto Protocol.

J) IPCC.

K) Nitrous oxide.

30) A phenomenon where greenhouse gases allow light energy to pass through the atmosphere but prevent heat from leaving, therefore warming the planet

A) Greenhouse effect.

B) Carbon dioxide.

C) climate change.

D) Methane.

E) CFCs.

F) Global warming.

G) greenhouse gases.

H) Kyoto Protocol.

J) IPCC.

K) Nitrous oxide.

31) Compounds in the atmosphere that capture and return some heat radiating from the Earth

A) Greenhouse effect.

B) Carbon dioxide.

C) climate change.

D) Methane.

E) CFCs.

F) Global warming.

G) greenhouse gases.

H) Kyoto Protocol.

J) IPCC.

K) Nitrous oxide.

32) The increase in the temperature of the earth's atmosphere

A) Greenhouse effect.

B) Carbon dioxide.

C) climate change.

D) Methane.

E) CFCs.

F) Global warming.

G) greenhouse gases.

H) Kyoto Protocol.

J) IPCC.

K) Nitrous oxide.

33) Organization that assesses the state of knowledge about climate change

A) Greenhouse effect.

B) Carbon dioxide.

C) climate change.

D) Methane.

E) CFCs.

F) Global warming.

G) greenhouse gases.

H) Kyoto Protocol.

J) IPCC.

K) Nitrous oxide.

34) Long term change in the Earth's climate (temperature, precipitation, wind patterns)

A) Greenhouse effect.

B) Carbon dioxide.

C) climate change.

D) Methane.

E) CFCs.

F) Global warming.

G) greenhouse gases.

H) Kyoto Protocol.

J) IPCC.

K) Nitrous oxide.

35) Greenhouse gas released into the atmosphere through the use of fertilizers and fossil fuels

A) Greenhouse effect.

B) Carbon dioxide.

C) climate change.

D) Methane.

E) CFCs.

F) Global warming.

G) greenhouse gases.

H) Kyoto Protocol.

J) IPCC.

K) Nitrous oxide.

36) Synthetic compounds produced for refrigerant gases and cleaning solvents

A) Greenhouse effect.

B) Carbon dioxide.

C) climate change.

D) Methane.

E) CFCs.

F) Global warming.

G) greenhouse gases.

H) Kyoto Protocol.

J) IPCC.

K) Nitrous oxide.

37) According to NASA, if there was no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, Earth's temperature would be about -18°C.

38) The ice sheets covering Antarctica and Greenland are growing each year.

39) Without the greenhouse effect the earth would be much colder.

40) Deforestation contributes to the increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

41) There are no natural sources of CFCs.

42) The average temperature on Earth has increased by over 2°C since 1980.

43) IPCC stands for Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

44) An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere of a planet will cause the temperature of the planet to get colder.

45) About 70% of additional energy added to the earth has been stored in the oceans.

46) Climate evidence dating back 160,000 years indicates a close correlation between the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and global temperature.

47) Nitrous oxide is the most abundant greenhouse gas.

48) Coral reefs will not be impacted by climate change.

49) Low-lying islands will be especially impacted by rising sea level.

50) Methane is responsible for about 30% of global warming.

51) The last ice age ended about 10,000 years ago.

52) Carbon dioxide is the most abundant greenhouse gas.

53) Since records began in 1958, the carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has decreased.

54) Permafrost is permanently frozen ground.

55) Within the United States, the Pacific coast is the most vulnerable to a rise in sea level.

56) The pH of the ocean has decreased by 0.1 pH units.

57) Poorer nations are less vulnerable to the consequences of global warming.

58) Carbon dioxide is naturally produced by photosynthesis.

59) Global warming and climate change are the same thing.

60) Climate change can be natural.

61) Over the years the number of cold days has decreased and the number of warm days has increased.

62) By 2100, the IPCC projects that sea level will rise by 26 to 98 centimeters.

63) Geologic studies have shown that the earth's climate has changed significantly over time.

64) Carbon dioxide is put into the atmosphere as a waste product of fossil fuel combustion.

65) Recently, Russia and the U.S. ratified the Kyoto Protocol.

66) Scientists have agreed that human activity is causing the climate to get warmer.

67) Satellites' observations over decades have shown changes in the area in the Arctic covered by sea ice.

68) Melting of Arctic sea ice is influencing the survival of polar bear populations.

69) It is believed that human activities can alter the atmosphere in such a way that they can change climate.

70) Since the burning or decomposition of trees releases carbon dioxide, deforestation can be considered a source of the greenhouse gases.