Chapter 14 Agricultural Methods Full Test Bank

Environmental Science, 15e (Enger)

Chapter 14 Agricultural Methods

1) Sustainable agriculture utilizes methods that

A) do not deplete soil and water resources.

B) sustain constant yields of crops.

C) cause wind and soil erosion.

D) None of these statements are correct.

2) Fertile soils have a balanced mixture of

A) minerals.

B) organic matter.

C) soil organisms.

D) All of these statements are correct.

3) In order to use the label "organic"

A) organic farms must be certified.

B) must not use genetically modified seeds.

C) prohibits the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers.

D) All of these statements are correct.

4) Which is a typical method used by organic farmers to control pests?

A) herbicides such as Roundup

B) cow manure to replace commercial fertilizer

C) antibiotics in feedstock

D) modifying farming practices to disrupt pest life cycles

5) Beneficial insects are used in agriculture to do all of the following EXCEPT

A) prey on pest insects.

B) eat pest weeds.

C) produce beneficial bacteria.

D) pollinate flowers.

6) Modern monoculture agriculture

A) reduces genetic diversity in crops.

B) prohibits the use of pesticides.

C) improves the nutritional quality of foods.

D) All of these statements are correct.

7) All of the following are macronutrients found in soil EXCEPT

A) Nitrogen

B) Phosphorus

C) Carbon dioxide

D) Potassium

8) A genetically modified organism

A) typically has new genes added.

B) can be designed to resist herbicides.

C) cannot be sold as organic.

D) All of these statements are correct.

9) Integrated pest management requires

A) understanding the complete genetic make-up of pests.

B) knowledge of the pest's life history.

C) extensive application of pesticides.

D) All of these statements are correct.

10) The price and availability of chemical fertilizers is strongly influenced by

A) the price of oil on the world market.

B) the amount of rain received in any given growing season.

C) the price a farmer receives for his crop.

D) None of these are correct.

11) If fertilizers are applied just before a heavy rain,

A) soils become saturated and there is over-growth in the plants.

B) macronutrients leach out and only micronutrients remain in the soil.

C) nutrients are carried into streams and lakes and encourage the growth of algae and aquatic plants.

D) All of these are correct.

12) Which of the following is a characteristic of a perfect pesticide?

A) a short life

B) affects only target organisms

C) is inexpensive

D) All of these are correct.

13) Pesticides that break down quickly in the environment are called

A) nontarget pesticides.

B) nonpersistent pesticides.

C) insecticides.

D) persistent pesticides.

14) DDT

A) was a persistent pesticide.

B) affected insects but had little effect on humans.

C) became highly concentrated in carnivorous fish and birds.

D) All of the statements are correct.

E) None of the statements are correct.

15) The use of the same insecticide or herbicide over several years

A) causes the soil to accumulate the pesticides.

B) causes the price to rise because the demand is high.

C) selects for pests that can resist the pesticides.

D) None of the statements is correct.

16) Organophosphates and carbamates work by

A) interfering with an insect's nervous system.

B) interrupting photosynthesis in weeds.

C) only killing pest insects.

D) causing internal bleeding in mammals.

17) Biomagnification occurs most commonly in which organisms?

A) predator fish

B) birds of prey

C) carnivores

D) All of these statements are correct

E) None of these statements are correct

18) Which of the following is a method of controlling pests that does NOT use pesticides?

A) the use of genetically modified organisms

B) the use of nonpersistent pesticides

C) the use of photosynthesis inhibiting chemicals

D) the use of pheromones to alter the behavior of insects

19) Increased crop yields in the U.S. are the result of

A) improved agricultural methods.

B) more efficient machinery.

C) the application of fertilizers.

D) All of these are correct.

20) Shifting agriculture (slash-and-burn agriculture)

A) is commonly practiced in grasslands.

B) involves temporarily removing a small portion of a forest.

C) increases the fertility of the soil for several years.

D) relies on one or two primary crops.

21) Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with pesticides?

A) resistance to the pesticide

B) bioaccumulation

C) They primarily affect target organisms.

D) persistence in the environment

22) Which of the following is a macronutrient?

A) nitrogen

B) manganese

C) zinc

D) boron

23) Pesticide resistance is

A) accumulation of pesticides in fatty tissues.

B) the death of individuals of a nontarget species.

C) pesticide tolerant individuals who survive and reproduce, which makes the pesticide less effective for future pest generations.

D) only effective to control rodents.

24) All of the following are benefits of organic farming and crop rotation as a sustainable agriculture method EXCEPT

A) it requires the use of few or no pesticides.

B) it typically requires less water.

C) it can spread out the risk of crop failure.

D) it can best help large-scale farmers.

25) Genetically modified organisms are created by

A) inserting chemical pesticides into embryos to improve pest or disease resistance.

B) inserting pieces of DNA, which will result in pest or disease resistance in a crop.

C) injecting growth hormones into seeds or pregnant animals.

D) cloning of good producers to make millions of offspring.

26) People who oppose the use of GMOs argue that

A) it is too expensive a method and will cause a drastic increase in food prices.

B) farmers would be at risk for pesticide poisoning.

C) no long-term studies have been done to ensure safety.

D) it will raise the fat content of many everyday foods creating more obesity.

27) Pesticides, primarily herbicides and insecticides, are widely used in agriculture because

A) they allow farmers to spend less on less time and money to till the soil.

B) they reduce crop loss to weeds and insects.

C) they increase the amount of food produced.

D) All of the statements are correct.

E) None of the statements is correct.

28) Advocates for the development and use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) argue that

A) super weeds could develop from introducing herbicide resistance genes.

B) this method offers promise for solving world hunger problems by increasing crop production.

C) honeybee survival could be negatively impacted.

D) this method offers promise for solving the world's erosion problems.

29) All of the following are issues that hamper our ability to feed feeding the world's hungry EXCEPT

A) food subsidies and trade barriers.

B) insufficient worldwide agricultural production capacity.

C) higher fuel costs.

D) rising demand.

Which of the following best matches the description?

30) Nutrient needed in extremely small amounts for plant growth.

A) weed

B) biocide

C) pheromone

D) macronutrient

E) organophosphate

F) rodenticide

G) auxin

H) chlorinated hydrocarbon

J) hard pesticide

K) soft pesticide

L) persistent pesticide

M) micronutrient

N) biomagnification

O) fungicide

P) herbicide

Q) macronutrients

R) micronutrients

31) Nutrient that is required by plants in relatively large amounts.

A) weed

B) biocide

C) pheromone

D) macronutrient

E) organophosphate

F) rodenticide

G) auxin

H) chlorinated hydrocarbon

J) hard pesticide

K) soft pesticide

L) persistent pesticide

M) micronutrient

N) biomagnification

O) fungicide

P) herbicide

Q) macronutrients

R) micronutrients

32) Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

A) weed

B) biocide

C) pheromone

D) macronutrient

E) organophosphate

F) rodenticide

G) auxin

H) chlorinated hydrocarbon

J) hard pesticide

K) soft pesticide

L) persistent pesticide

M) micronutrient

N) biomagnification

O) fungicide

P) herbicide

Q) macronutrients

R) micronutrients

33) Boron, zinc, and manganese.

A) weed

B) biocide

C) pheromone

D) macronutrient

E) organophosphate

F) rodenticide

G) auxin

H) chlorinated hydrocarbon

J) hard pesticide

K) soft pesticide

L) persistent pesticide

M) micronutrient

N) biomagnification

O) fungicide

P) herbicide

Q) macronutrients

R) micronutrients

34) An unwanted plant.

A) weed

B) biocide

C) pheromone

D) macronutrient

E) organophosphate

F) rodenticide

G) auxin

H) chlorinated hydrocarbon

J) hard pesticide

K) soft pesticide

L) persistent pesticide

M) micronutrient

N) biomagnification

O) fungicide

P) herbicide

Q) macronutrients

R) micronutrients

35) Pesticide that remains active for a long period of time.

A) weed

B) biocide

C) pheromone

D) macronutrient

E) organophosphate

F) rodenticide

G) auxin

H) chlorinated hydrocarbon

J) hard pesticide

K) soft pesticide

L) persistent pesticide

M) micronutrient

N) biomagnification

O) fungicide

P) herbicide

Q) macronutrients

R) micronutrients

36) Pesticide designed to kill mice, rats, and related organisms.

A) weed

B) biocide

C) pheromone

D) macronutrient

E) organophosphate

F) rodenticide

G) auxin

H) chlorinated hydrocarbon

J) hard pesticide

K) soft pesticide

L) persistent pesticide

M) micronutrient

N) biomagnification

O) fungicide

P) herbicide

Q) macronutrients

R) micronutrients

37) Pesticide consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine.

A) weed

B) biocide

C) pheromone

D) macronutrient

E) organophosphate

F) rodenticide

G) auxin

H) chlorinated hydrocarbon

J) hard pesticide

K) soft pesticide

L) persistent pesticide

M) micronutrient

N) biomagnification

O) fungicide

P) herbicide

Q) macronutrients

R) micronutrients

38) Class of pesticides that interferes with normal nerve impulses.

A) weed

B) biocide

C) pheromone

D) macronutrient

E) organophosphate

F) rodenticide

G) auxin

H) chlorinated hydrocarbon

J) hard pesticide

K) soft pesticide

L) persistent pesticide

M) micronutrient

N) biomagnification

O) fungicide

P) herbicide

Q) macronutrients

R) micronutrients

39) Class of pesticides that kills fungi.

A) weed

B) biocide

C) pheromone

D) macronutrient

E) organophosphate

F) rodenticide

G) auxin

H) chlorinated hydrocarbon

J) hard pesticide

K) soft pesticide

L) persistent pesticide

M) micronutrient

N) biomagnification

O) fungicide

P) herbicide

Q) macronutrients

R) micronutrients

40) Kind of chemical that kills many different types of living things.

A) weed

B) biocide

C) pheromone

D) macronutrient

E) organophosphate

F) rodenticide

G) auxin

H) chlorinated hydrocarbon

J) hard pesticide

K) soft pesticide

L) persistent pesticide

M) micronutrient

N) biomagnification

O) fungicide

P) herbicide

Q) macronutrients

R) micronutrients

41) Pesticide designed to kill plants.

A) weed

B) biocide

C) pheromone

D) macronutrient

E) organophosphate

F) rodenticide

G) auxin

H) chlorinated hydrocarbon

J) hard pesticide

K) soft pesticide

L) persistent pesticide

M) micronutrient

N) biomagnification

O) fungicide

P) herbicide

Q) macronutrients

R) micronutrients

42) Chemical produced by one animal that changes the behavior of another.

A) weed

B) biocide

C) pheromone

D) macronutrient

E) organophosphate

F) rodenticide

G) auxin

H) chlorinated hydrocarbon

J) hard pesticide

K) soft pesticide

L) persistent pesticide

M) micronutrient

N) biomagnification

O) fungicide

P) herbicide

Q) macronutrients

R) micronutrients

43) Plant hormone that stimulates growth.

A) weed

B) biocide

C) pheromone

D) macronutrient

E) organophosphate

F) rodenticide

G) auxin

H) chlorinated hydrocarbon

J) hard pesticide

K) soft pesticide

L) persistent pesticide

M) micronutrient

N) biomagnification

O) fungicide

P) herbicide

Q) macronutrients

R) micronutrients

44) Increases in the amount of material at successively higher trophic levels.

A) weed

B) biocide

C) pheromone

D) macronutrient

E) organophosphate

F) rodenticide

G) auxin

H) chlorinated hydrocarbon

J) hard pesticide

K) soft pesticide

L) persistent pesticide

M) micronutrient

N) biomagnification

O) fungicide

P) herbicide

Q) macronutrients

R) micronutrients

45) Chemical fertilizers are used in agriculture because they provide greater amounts of nutrients and organic matter than are found in the natural soil.

46) A primary function of fertilizer is to replace human labor.

47) Fertilizers do not alter soil characteristics.

48) Most of the world's food supply is grown on small slash-and-burn garden plots.

49) Major issues related to monoculture agriculture include loss of genetic diversity, high use of pesticides, dependence on fertilizer.

50) Mechanized agriculture has substituted the labor of humans with energy stored in petroleum products.

51) A perfect pesticide kills or inhibits the growth of nontarget organisms as well as target organisms.

52) The perfect pesticide should have a short half-life.

53) Tilling the soil can reduce weeds.

54) Currently the cost of pesticides far exceeds the profit from crops produced.

55) When vegetation is burned on a site, it releases the nutrients that were tied up in the biomass.

56) Mechanized agriculture is typical of undeveloped tropical regions.

57) Monoculture farming is the best method to use to prevent soil erosion.

58) Monoculture utilizes several crops grown over a large area for efficient planting, cultivating, and harvesting.

59) Organic farming uses legumes to add nitrogen to the soil.

60) All products that are sold as organic must be certified.

61) Persistent pesticides decompose quickly and present less of an environmental hazard.

62) Persistent pesticides are more toxic than nonpersistent pesticides and must be handled with greater care.

63) Biotechnology techniques are used to insert genes from species to another.

64) Europe, England, and Canada account for over two-thirds of all biotechnology crops planted globally.

65) In the United States, and estimated 60% of processed foods contain GM ingredients.

66) "Biotech" crops include soybeans, canola, corn, and cotton.

67) Polyculture is a process where different species of plants are grown together in the same place at the same time.

68) One of the major concerns about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is the transfer of foreign genes to the wild relative of the crop plant.

69) The United Nations predicts that over the next 40 years global food production will need to increase ________ percent in order to prevent massive famine.

A) 10%

B) 30%

C) 70%

D) 90%

70) Countries in the developed world:

A) Have not developed regulations for pesticides

B) Have established careful regulations for the sale and use of pesticides

C) Have only regulated the pesticide DDT

D) Are only now beginning to regulate pesticides

71) The largest nonpoint source of water pollution is:

A) Transportation

B) Urban development

C) Industrial development

D) Agriculture

72) The problem of food waste is of greater concern in:

A) The less developed world

B) Africa

C) The industrial world

D) India

73) Sustainable agriculture and organic agriculture are examples of:

A) Traditional agricultural practices

B) Historic agricultural practices

C) Alternatives to conventional agricultural practices

D) Conventional agricultural practices