Social Psychology Health, Well-being, And Test Bank Ch12

TB_Baron_Chapter 12

Key: Answer, Page, Type, Learning Objective, Level

Type

A=Applied

C=Conceptual

F=Factual

Level

(1)=Easy; (2)=Moderate; (3)=Difficult

LO=Learning Objective

SG=Used in Study Guide

p=page

TB_Baron_Chapter 12

Multiple Choice Single Select

M/C Question 1
Who would feel least lonely?

1. Greg, whose wife recently died.
2. Bob, who has spent his life alone by choice.
3. Charlie, who is recently divorced.
4. Ernie, who finds it difficult to form bonds with others.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 2
How can loneliness be reduced?

1. Learning self-defeating behaviors
2. Increasing one’s self-esteem
3. Improving one’s social skills
4. Reinforcing an avoidant attachment style

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 3
Bob is chronically lonely and hopes to acquire some social skills. What would a social psychologist suggest?

1. Engage in self-affirmations.
2. Practice interacting with strangers and then watching tapes of the interaction.
3. Learn to make a request sound like an order.
4. Have more optimistic expectations about interactions.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 4
Bobby lost an important account at work today. His boss was thoroughly disappointed and in no uncertain terms told him he had made a grave mistake. When Bobby thinks about going home to his partner, he most likely ________.

1. believes his partner loves him unconditionally
2. feels his partner will love him less and be less accepting
3. will be happy to be around someone who loves him just as he is
4. thinks that at least his relationship is intact and going well

Difficulty=Hard

M/C Question 5
Terry and Jo are dating and want to have a happy and lasting relationship. Which of the following would be helpful to prolonging their relationship?

1. Terry being high in attachment anxiety
2. Jo being high in attachment anxiety
3. Focusing conversations predominantly on events of the day and not on personal feelings or moods
4. Inquiring about the mood state of one another

Difficulty=Hard

M/C Question 6
Evie woke up and found that her car would not start. She walked to the bus stop, but arrived just as the bus drove away. After catching a later bus and arriving at work just barely in time, she finds that her computer will not start up. A computer technician comes in and fixes her computer and recovers her lost email and she realizes she missed an emergency meeting because she didn’t get the email in time. Evie will undoubtedly be stressed due primarily to ________.

1. a major stressful life event
2. broken social connections or relationships
3. daily hassles
4. cortisol production

Difficulty=Hard

M/C Question 7
Mark is experiencing a great deal of stress at home, at work, and in his daily life. He is having financial trouble, car trouble, and cannot afford to take time off of work to get his car fixed. His friend Greg provides social support by ________.

1. reminding Mark of the wide array of things he should be doing in addition to his long list.
2. taking Mark’s car in to the shop for him.
3. staying out of the way so that Mark has plenty of alone time to sort through his situation.
4. making sure everyone knows of Mark’s shortcomings.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 8
Which of the following is an example of a chronic stressor?

1. Catching a cold
2. A car that needs a new battery
3. An overbearing and rude supervisor
4. Vacation

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 9
Margaret is experiencing great stress as she is preparing to undergo an annual evaluation of her performance at work. Who is the best person to provide social support to counteract this stressor?

1. Margaret’s co-workers, who will have some input on the evaluation.
2. Margaret’s neighbor, who works in a different industry.
3. Margaret’s best friend, who works for a competing company in a similar position.
4. Margaret’s clients, who assure her they have put in a good word.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 10
When asked to view a simultaneous lineup, witnesses are more likely to ________.

1. identify the correct person
2. incorrectly choose a person who did not commit the crime
3. become too confused to choose at all
4. choose the person in the middle

Difficulty=Hard

M/C Question 11
Barb just witnessed a mugging and is brought to the police station to identify the suspect. If Barb is shown one person at time and asked after viewing each person if that person is the suspect, this is called a _______ lineup.

1. simultaneous
2. traditional
3. sequential
4. false positive

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 12
Bekah just witnessed a mugging and is brought to the police station to identify the suspect. If Bekah is shown five people at time and asked after viewing the group as a whole if the suspect is present, this is called a ________ lineup.

1. simultaneous
2. traditional
3. sequential
4. false positive

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 13
Henrietta is on trial for a crime against another person. She is most likely to be found guilty if she is accused of ________.

1. fraud
2. assault
3. robbery
4. theft

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 14
You are serving as a jury consultant for the prosecution in a case involving sexual assault and child abuse. Based on research, what types of jurors should you select?

1. Younger
2. Older
3. Women
4. Men

Difficulty=Hard

M/C Question 15
Bothwell et al. (2006) conducted research examining racial bias in jury decision making. The results show that ________.

1. racial biases existed for private judgments but not after deliberation
2. racial biases existed only after the jury deliberated
3. there is no racial bias involved in judgments of sexual harassment
4. there was bias such that privately and after deliberation white victims received more compensation
   

Difficulty=Hard

M/C Question 16
Results from a variety of studies indicate that ________ in the legal system is often corrected for by ________.

1. racial bias; jury deliberation
2. gender bias; harsher sentences
3. prosecutorial misconduct; racial differences
4. optimistic bias; lighter sentencing

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 17
High levels of positive emotions create life satisfaction because ________.

1. positive emotions lead people to help others who are feeling depressed
2. positive emotions make people unrealistically optimistic
3. people think, feel, and act in ways that build their emotional, physical, and social resources
4. positive emotions decrease cortisol and lead us to have thinner body shapes

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 18
Personal happiness is influenced by having goals and ________.

1. the resources to attain those goals
2. having those goals always be just out of reach so we continue to improve ourselves
3. particularly unrealistic goals so that we can dream of a brighter future
4. setting the bar particularly high so that when achieved we feel accomplished

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 19
Robert is a high school graduate, with a job that pays enough to live on, and he is in the process of setting goals for himself. If you want to maximize his happiness, which goal should you encourage him to set?

1. Robert wants to be internationally famous for his juggling talent.
2. Robert wants to save enough money to buy the car of his dreams.
3. Robert wants to return to school and get a double PhD and a law degree.
4. Robert wants to go to the gym and run 4 miles each week.

Difficulty=Hard

M/C Question 20
Which of the following is true about the relationship between wealth and happiness?

1. The United States is ranked first for income and also for positive feelings.
2. Having more money always leads to more happiness.
3. After people have enough money to provide for their needs in terms of housing, food, clothes, and money, wealth does not appear to have a very large impact on happiness.
4. The more money people have, the less happy they are, particularly after the first billion dollars.

Difficulty=Hard

M/C Question 21
Wealth may diminish our happiness by ________.

1. taking away our capacity to savor and enjoy the little pleasures of life
2. allowing us to buy material goods we do not need
3. allowing us to have peace of mind about health care
4. encouraging rampant consumerism

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 22
Participants in one study were asked to list their material possessions and how much they enjoyed or wanted each of these items. They were also asked to rate their life satisfaction. Results support which of the following?

1. Money can buy happiness.
2. It is important to have what you want.
3. It is important to want what you have.
4. It is equally important to want what you have and have what you want.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 23
Bernice is a happy person and rarely gets sick. However, she recently caught a cold and also twisted her ankle. What might you predict about Bernice’s coping skills?

1. Due to inexperience, she will be less able to cope with the pain of her ankle.
2. She will deal with the pain quite well.
3. She will experience a severe decline in happiness.
4. She will recover more slowly than a less happy person.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 24
Some research supports the idea that approximately 50% of our happiness is accounted for by factors that are relatively stable and difficult to change. Which of the following is used to support this view?

1. Identical twins are more similar in their level of happiness than fraternal twins.
2. Identical twins are less similar in their level of happiness than fraternal twins.
3. Being kind to others can increase our levels of happiness.
4. Counting our blessing can increase happiness.
5. Regular exercise increases happiness.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 25
Some research supports the idea that approximately 40% of our happiness is determined by a person’s thoughts and actions. Which of the following is used to support this view?

1. Identical twins are more similar in their level of happiness than fraternal twins.
2. Identical twins are less similar in their level of happiness than fraternal twins.
3. Being kind to others can increase our levels of happiness.
4. We have a set point to which we return after experiencing emotional arousal.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 26
One recommendation for how to be happier is to stop doing counterproductive things. This includes the following counterproductive behaviors: ________.

1. abusing drugs, trying to be perfect, and setting impossible goals
2. worrying about anything and everything, not trying to be perfect, and staying sober
3. setting realistic and attainable goals
4. choosing to let some things go rather than striving for perfection

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 27
Mike has very high levels of well-being, particularly concerning his job. His boss is concerned because these high levels of happiness can be related to ________.

1. complacency
2. drug use
3. perfectionism
4. the setting of unattainable goals

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 28
The idea that there is a curvilinear relationship between happiness and task performance is readily explained by __________.

1. social facilitation
2. self-serving biases
3. optimum level of well-being theory
4. realistic conflict theory

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 29
What is the most difficult part of starting an upward spiral in which you experience more and more positive feelings?

1. Convincing others you are capable of being happy
2. Having those initial positive feelings to get the ball rolling
3. Creating positive relationships with others
4. Disconnecting from people who are negative

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 30
Kevin has very high levels of positive affect. Sometimes people say he is too happy. The result for his marriage is likely _________.

1. positive; the relationship between happiness and relationship success is curvilinear
2. positive; the relationship between happiness and relationship success is linear
3. negative; the relationship between happiness and relationship success is curvilinear
4. negative; the relationship between happiness and relationship success is linear

Difficulty=Hard

M/C Question 31
Margot daydreams about having a wide circle of friends whom she can socialize with on the weekends and whom she can connect with on a personal level. Margot currently doesn’t have any friends, however, and feels isolated and, at times, depressed. Margot suffers from ________.

1. narcissism
2. PTSD
3. loneliness
4. discrimination

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 32
Which of the following is a key contributor to a wide range of psychological and physical health problems?

1. PTSD
2. Stress
3. Social support
4. Decreased cortisol

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 33
When considering the influence of stress on ourselves, what is the difference between direct and indirect harmful effects?

1. Direct effects weaken our immune system, whereas indirect effects influence the lifestyles we adopt.
2. Direct effects influence the lifestyles we adopt, whereas indirect effects weaken our immune system.
3. Direct effects influence our level of stress, whereas indirect effects influence our level of social support.
4. Direct effects influence our life expectancy, whereas indirect effects influence our social relationships.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 34
In order to manage stress and improve mental and physical health, __________ is very important, although motivation for this action can be a major obstacle.

1. self-identification
2. regular physical exercise
3. self-acceptance
4. belonging to a group

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 35
Which of the following is an effect experienced by those who have been discriminated against because of their being overweight?

1. Increased interest in weight management education
2. Increased levels of post-traumatic stress disorder
3. Increased motivation for weight loss
4. Shorter life expectancy

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 36
Jan is a fighter pilot for the U.S. Air Force. She experiences high levels of stress due to the nature of her work and is often dissatisfied with the consequences of her job, such as the death of casualties during certain missions. Which of the following should Jan do to lower her stress and increase her level of job satisfaction?

1. Exercise more often and more rigorously
2. Read self-help books on stress reduction
3. Identify with and seek social support from her colleagues
4. Find another job that is not so mentally and physically demanding

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 37
Arthur was a Navy Seal for decades and was often involved in dangerous missions in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other war-ravaged countries. Arthur is now retired, but each night he wakes up sweating after having intensely vivid dreams of his missions, the suffering and deaths of causalities, and the deaths of his fellow soldiers. Arthur is experiencing

1. post-traumatic stress disorder.
2. coping skill deficiency disorder.
3. loneliness and a lack of social support.
4. self-identification difficulties.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 38
When in college, Kayla and Marie went on a road trip during their summer break. At one point during the trip, Kayla, who was driving, looked down to check her phone and, when she looked up, realized she had crossed over the center line of the road. She quickly tried to readjust her steering, but the car veered off the road and into a ditch. Kayla emerged from the car relatively unhurt, but Marie, who was not wearing her seatbelt, was paralyzed. Now, 10 years later, Kalya still has guilt and anxiety about the event, and her health is deteriorating. Kayla is suffering from ________.

1. post-traumatic stress disorder
2. an inability to forgive herself
3. a lack of social support
4. loneliness

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 39
Dante is a first-year college student and the first in his family to ever attend college. As a child, Dante lived in extreme poverty and, in his teenage years, he struggled with drugs and gang affiliation. However, he was very bright and attained a scholarship to attend college. Dante is finding college to be extremely stressful; the academic work is strenuous and he’s having difficulty finding the time to maintain a strong social support network. He visits an academic counselor for guidance. The academic counselor should remind Dante that ________.

1. there are many other colleges with lighter workloads
2. college is a test to see who can cut it and who cannot
3. Dante has overcome many obstacles already and is stronger because of it
4. Dante is here on a scholarship and therefore shouldn’t make mistakes

Difficulty=Medium

  
M/C Question 40
What is the purpose of a lineup?

1. To help identify suspects of a crime
2. To decide who will go to jail
3. To provide the victim of a crime with closure
4. To ease the amount of work police forces must handle
   

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 41
Two weeks ago, Roberta was mugged while walking home from work. The person who did this to her attacked her, beat her up, and stole her purse. Now, the police have called Roberta into the police station. They sit her in a room with a large piece of glass and, through the glass, Roberta can see a collection of six men who are suspects in the crime. The police ask Roberta to identify which of the men did this to her. Roberta is viewing a ________ lineup.

1. simultaneous
2. sequential
3. criminal
4. recognition

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 42
Jeremy was a victim of a violent crime. The police have presented Jeremy with a lineup of four suspects whom the police think were involved in the crime. The officer running the lineup tells Jeremy, “The person who did this to you is there in that room. Tell us who did it.” The officer is giving Jeremy ________ instructions.

1. neutral
2. biased
3. leading
4. inaccurate

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 43
In terms of accuracy of identifying a perpetrator, which type of lineup should be used?

1. Sequential lineup
2. Simultaneous lineup
3. Rapid-choice lineup
4. Comparative lineup

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 44
What is the purpose of a voir dire jury selection process?

1. To find the most competent jurors
2. To weed out jurors with biases
3. To identify first-time jurors
4. To learn of jurors’ criminal histories

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 45
In order to reduce prejudicial effects in jurors’ evaluations of a case, what should be employed?

1. Diversity among jury members
2. A voir dire jury selection process
3. Careful deliberations
4. Selection of jurors with graduate degrees

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 46
Which of the following is one of the four basic components of subjective well-being?

1. A reduced need for self-forgiveness
2. Satisfaction with important life domains
3. Identification with small groups of social support
4. Rapidly and consistently increasing wealth

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 47
John is an IT specialist at a small nonprofit organization in New York City. Year after year, he decides that his main goal is to disrupt the world of technology with a new search optimization process and become the Chief Technology Officer at Facebook. Each year, John feels less and less happy. Why?

1. His goal is unrealistic.
2. He has too many goals.
3. His goal is not specific enough.
4. He doesn’t have any concrete goals.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 48
Aaron and Jim are both software developers for the same company. On a survey of employee morale and happiness, Aaron notes that he is the happiest he has ever been and can’t imagine being happier, and Jim notes that he is pretty happy with life at the moment. Their manager, when reviewing the survey, realizes that Jim’s performance is much stronger than Aaron’s. Which theory supports this finding?

1. The optimum level of well-being theory
2. The happiness and well-being theory
3. The productivity-happiness theory
4. The subjective well-being theory

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 49
Carly is moderately happy with her life, her job, and her social support network. One day, Carly wins $25 million by playing the lottery. What will likely happen with respect to Carly’s happiness levels?

1. She will attain an extreme level of happiness and stay at that level indefinitely.
2. She will experience short-lived increased happiness and then will return to her normal state.
3. She will experience a long-term reduction in happiness due to not knowing how to spend the money.
4. She will attain increased happiness and will therefore discard her social support network.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 50
Which theory is relevant to understanding the motives of entrepreneurs and focuses on the distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?

1. Optimum level of well-being theory
2. Drive theory of social facilitation
3. Self-determination theory
4. Incremental change theory

Difficulty=Medium

Essay

Essay Question 51
Lionel is very lonely and depressed. Based on your reading of the text, what might Lionel do to reduce his loneliness?

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 52
How does stress affect our health?

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 53
Explain the difference between a sequential and simultaneous lineup. What are the consequences of using each?

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 54
How does physical attractiveness and other demographic characteristics impact jury decision making?

Difficulty=Hard

Essay Question 55
Explain the relationship between wealth and happiness.

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 56
Explain the relationship between regular physical exercise and health, the obstacles many people face, and how those obstacles can be overcome by the utilization of technology.

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 57
What is social identification and how does it relate to stress management, goal accomplishment, and increased life satisfaction?

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 58
What are two social psychological effects that contribute to the difficulties jurors have in ignoring information they have been exposed to, such as a suspect’s prior convictions and acquittals?

Difficulty=Hard

Essay Question 59
How do emotions, social relations, and goals influence happiness?

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 60
Explain the optimum level of well-being theory and its implications on individual performance.

Difficulty=Medium