Complete Test Bank Aggression Chapter.10

TB_Baron_Chapter 10

Key: Answer, Page, Type, Learning Objective, Level

Type

A=Applied

C=Conceptual

F=Factual

Level

(1)=Easy; (2)=Moderate; (3)=Difficult

LO=Learning Objective

SG=Used in Study Guide

p=page

TB_Baron_Chapter 10

Multiple Choice Single Select

M/C Question 1
Drive theories of aggression suggest that ________.

1. a fighting instinct in human males underlies most forms of aggression
2. males aggress against other males in order to obtain access to females
3. our death wish is redirected outwards towards other, causing aggression
4. external conditions arouse the motive to harm or injure others

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 2
According to the social learning perspective, people learn ________.

1. that aggressive behaviors are always rewarded with desirable outcomes
2. that some groups encourage aggression against their members
3. different ways of inflicting harm on others and what situations tolerate or encourage aggressive behavior
4. that aggressive behaviors are always punished in the long run, but rewarded in the short run

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 3
After watching wrestling on TV for an hour, 5-year-old Samuel went outside to play. When 5-year-old Jamie, who lives next door, came outside, Samuel shoved him and tried to get him in a headlock. This situation can best be explained by ________.

1. excitation transfer theory
2. instrumental aggression
3. the social learning perspective
4. classical conditioning

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 4
Janice tends to become aggressive whenever anyone slights her or insults her. Her friend Joline, however, never seems to become upset or angry at the same kinds of provocations and is generally not an aggressive person. The ways in which these two people might react to the same provocation is best explained by the ________.

1. thanatos hypothesis
2. frustration-aggression model
3. general aggression model
4. excitation transfer theory

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 5
According to the general aggression model, repeated exposure to aggressive models in films or video games may increase a person’s level of aggressiveness by ________.

1. weakening the effects of constraining factors on aggressive behaviors
2. encouraging behavioral patterns involved with competitiveness, time urgency, and hostility
3. strengthening knowledge structures such as beliefs, attitudes, and schemas that are related to aggression
4. increasing the level of physiological arousal to the point at which people tend to seek catharsis

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 6
Samantha is frustrated after waiting in a long line for an hour and ultimately shouts at the person in front of her. According to the frustration-aggression hypothesis, Samantha is showing aggression due to ________.

1. the fact that frustration always leads to aggression
2. Samantha’s inherent aggressive tendencies
3. the negative affect emanating from her frustration elicited by the person in front of her
4. obvious provocation from others

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 7
Paul is studying for a test in biology. He is somewhat concerned about his ability to master the material and is trying to concentrate as much as he can. Sam, his brother, has interrupted his studies several times, causing Paul to become frustrated and angry. When Sam again enters Paul’s room, Paul pushes Sam hard and threatens to punch him. This situation illustrates ________.

1. the fighting instinct
2. thanatos
3. the catharsis hypothesis
4. the frustration-aggression hypothesis

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 8
James and William are discussing the last presidential election. James, a Democrat, has made some very negative comments about Republicans and the way in which the campaign was conducted. William, a life-long Republican, has told James to tone it down, but this seems to encourage James to make even more negative comments. Eventually, William pushes James away and starts to throw a punch. This situation might best be seen as a case of ________.

1. bullying
2. catharsis
3. provocation
4. incompatible responses

Difficulty=Medium

 M/C Question 9
Sarah was driving home after a particularly difficult day at work when someone cut her off and almost caused her to wreck her car. Still shaken from her near miss, she arrived home to find that her spouse had not yet started dinner, as he had promised to do. Sarah angrily accused him of being “a lazy bum” and started an argument with him. This situation can best be explained by ________.

1. the frustration-aggression hypothesis
2. a hostile attributional bias
3. the excitation transfer theory
4. the provocation theory

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 10
Miller has been watching a very exciting adventure movie at the theater. His heart rate is still a little elevated as he leaves the cinema. Just as he reaches his car in the parking lot, he sees someone accidentally bump his car as they back out of another parking space. Miller becomes extremely agitated and excitedly begins yelling and pounding on the other person’s car fender. This extreme reaction to a relatively minor annoyance can best be explained by ________.

1. the excitation transfer theory
2. a hostile attributional bias
3. the catharsis hypothesis
4. the provocation theory

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 11
The general pattern of results of studies of TV violence suggests that ________.

1. the effects of TV are minimal to non-existent
2. media depictions of violence contribute to increased aggression levels in viewers
3. since TV programs generally lack a frustrating conclusion, it cannot be said that they contribute to aggression
4. research on the effects of TV violence is inconclusive and we can’t draw any firm conclusions without additional research

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 12
Why are violent videogames so popular according to the text?

1. These types of games are exciting.
2. These types of games are enjoyable.
3. These types of games provide a sense of autonomy.
4. These types of games allow people to lose control.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 13
One result of desensitization to violence is that individuals who are desensitized to violence are likely to ________.

1. be less aggressive to others
2. be more aggressive to others
3. respond more quickly to aggressive situations
4. have stronger reactions to violence

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 14
What type of provocation involves using a playful nature to issue provoking statements that call attention to a person’s flaws or imperfections?

1. Boasting
2. Threatening
3. Condescension
4. Teasing

Difficulty=Easy

 M/C Question 15
People who tend to think of themselves as being superior to other people in terms of their abilities or qualities, and as being more deserving of respect than others, tend to react strongly to negative feedback, in part because ________.

1. they believe a different, more stringent set of standard applies to them
2. positive feedback may threaten their self-image
3. negative feedback may threaten their self-image
4. negative feedback may bolster their self-image

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 16
Gender differences in aggression tend to shrink or disappear in situations where ________.

1. provocation is absent
2. males provoke females
3. females provoke males
4. provocation is present

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 17
What is the relationship between gender and aggression?

1. Women are more likely than men to engage in any kind of aggressive behavior.
2. Men are more likely to engage in direct aggression; women are more likely to engage in indirect aggression.
3. Both genders are equally likely to engage in direct aggression, but women are more likely to engage in direct aggression.
4. Men are more likely than women to engage in any kind of aggressive behavior.

Difficulty=Medium

 M/C Question 18
Gender differences in aggression show that for indirect forms of aggression, ________.

1. women are largely more aggressive in this way
2. the gender difference is present in children but not for adults
3. men are largely more aggressive than boys
4. girls are largely more aggressive than men

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 19
What is the relationship between temperature and aggression? As temperatures increase, ________.

1. nonviolent crimes, such as burglary and car theft, decrease
2. violent crimes, such as aggravated assault and homicide, decrease
3. nonviolent crimes, such as burglary and car theft, also increase
4. violent crimes, such as aggravated assault and homicide, also increase

Difficulty=Medium,

M/C Question 20
Research in which participants consumed alcohol or not found that later, when playing a game in which the loser would experience a shock at a level set by the participant, _______.

1. men but not women set higher level of shock for their opponents when drinking
2. women but not men set higher levels of shock for their opponents when drinking
3. both men and women set higher levels of shock for their opponents when they were not drinking
4. both women and men set higher levels of shock for their opponents when they were drinking

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 21
Higher levels of aggression are associated with alcohol because ________.

1. alcohol is ordinarily consumed in mixed-gender settings, and the presence of females tends to make males more aggressive
2. alcohol reduces one’s ability to process certain kinds of information and changes one’s reactions to unexpected behaviors by others
3. alcohol is ordinarily consumed under crowded conditions where provocations, such as jostling and bumping, are more likely to occur
4. cultural norms in Western societies encourage those who consume alcohol to become at least somewhat belligerent

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 22
Among children, boys who bully others are motivated by a desire to ________.

1. lessen negative feelings associated with depression and to gain the respect and admiration of others
2. hold power over others and to lessen negative feelings associated with depression
3. be seen as part of a tough group and to lessen negative feelings associated with depression
4. hold power over others and a desire to be seen as part of a tough group

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 23
Among children, girls who bully others are motivated by their desire to ________.

1. lessen negative feelings associated with depression and their desire to exercise power over others only
2. exercise power over others, their desire to be part of a tough group, and their desire to lessen negative feelings associated with depression
3. be part of a tough group, and their desire to lessen negative feelings associated with depression only
4. exercise power over others and their desire to be part of a tough group only

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 24
One difference between bullies and their victims is that bullies ________, while victims ________.

1. tend to have higher self-esteem than their victims; tend to have lower self-esteem than do bullies
2. are more likely to suffer anxiety attacks; believe they can trust others once dominance and authority has been established
3. believe that others act the way they do intentionally or because of lasting characteristics; perceive others as behaving the way they do due to external stimuli
4. believe they can trust others once dominance and authority has been established; tend to be manipulative and ruthless when they can get away with it

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 25
Programs that are intended to reduce bullying in schools or in prisons ________.

1. can be effective if a 12-step program is used as the basis for treating the problem
2. are more effective in collectivist societies than they are in individualistic societies
3. are rarely effective in any but the most unusual set of circumstances
4. can be effective if bullying is recognized as a serious problem and organizations take strong and appropriate steps to correct it

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 26
Victims who are bullied repeatedly and brutally may react by ________.

1. pleading with their peers to help them to end the bullying
2. reporting the problem to the police
3. committing suicide
4. trying to sue the bullies

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 27
When given an opportunity to decide how much punishment should be delivered to individuals convicted of different crimes, research has shown that most people are more strongly influenced by beliefs about ________ and much less strongly influenced by ________.

1. the fairness of the judicial system; beliefs about the appropriateness of prison sentences
2. how much punishment is deserved; information about the ease or difficulty involved in detecting a crime
3. the deterrent effect of the punishment on other individuals; beliefs about whether forgiveness is merited
4. removing dangerous people from society in order to protect others; beliefs about how much punishment is deserved

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 28
Seeking revenge may harm both the one seeking revenge and the one against whom vengeful actions are taken. This is because ________.

1. seeking revenge may lead to an increase in hostile attributional bias
2. revenge limits the kinds of cognitive processes a person can use while seeking revenge
3. seeking revenge is generally considered unethical in most societies
4. revenge may lead to an upward spiral of retaliation, revenge, and further retaliation

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 29
The idea that providing angry persons with an opportunity to express their aggressive impulses in relatively safe ways will lead to a reduction in their tendencies to engage in more harmful kinds of aggression is the ________.

1. drive theory
2. incompatible response technique
3. catharsis hypothesis
4. displacement theory

Difficulty=Medium

 M/C Question 30
The catharsis hypothesis suggests that providing people with an opportunity to express aggressive impulses in a safe manner will decrease their tendencies to engage in unacceptable forms of aggressive behavior. What does research on this hypothesis demonstrate/suggest?

1. Catharsis is effective with adults but not with children.
2. Catharsis is effective with children but not with adults.
3. Catharsis decreases inappropriate aggressive behavior.
4. Catharsis may actually increase aggressive behavior.

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 31
What theory suggests that if a person is impeded in reaching a goal he or she is seeking, then this impediment will lead to a stimulation of a drive whose main goal is to harm some person or object?

1. The general aggression model
2. The frustration-aggression hypothesis
3. The evolutionary hypothesis
4. The death wish theory

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 32
When Sigmund Freud proposed his theory that aggression stems from a powerful death wish, _______ with him.

1. most psychologists agreed
2. most psychologists disagreed
3. no member of the psychology community agreed
4. the psychology community agreed

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 33
Sam is playing a challenging video game and is very close to nearing the end. Suddenly, his character dies in the game and Sam is forced to start all over. Sam throws the controller across the room and punches the wall. Sam’s behavior is best explained by the ________.

1. frustration-aggression hypothesis
2. thanatos theory
3. affective states hypothesis
4. situational factor theory

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 34
Which of the following is the most complex theory of aggression?

1. The frustration-aggression hypothesis
2. The general aggression model
3. The death wish hypothesis
4. The overt aggression theory

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 35
In the general aggression model, repeated exposure to aggressive stimuli serves to strengthen a person’s beliefs, attitudes, schemas, and scripts that are related to aggression. These beliefs, attitudes, schemas, and scripts are a person’s ________.

1. aggression centers
2. knowledge structures
3. input variables
4. personal factors

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 36
What two assertions did the original frustration-aggression hypothesis make?

1. Frustration doesn’t necessarily lead to some form of aggression, but aggression usually stems from frustration.
2. Frustration sometimes leads to some form of aggression, but aggression always stems from frustration.
3. Frustration always leads to some form of aggression, and aggression sometimes stems from frustration.
4. Frustration always leads to some form of aggression, and aggression always stems from frustration.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 37
During his day at school, Billy criticized a student’s clothing choices, made sarcastic remarks to his teacher, and pushed another student into a locker. What do all of Billy’s actions have in common?

1. They are all forms of teasing.
2. They are all forms of provocation.
3. They are all forms of condescension.
4. They are all forms of irony.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 38
John and Thom are high school classmates who have never liked each other. One day, they get into a fight at school during the lunch hour. They have to be separated by teachers. Soon after, in the following class, John gets very annoyed with another student who drops her pencil close to his foot. What explains John’s annoyance at this student?

1. Frustration-aggression hypothesis
2. General aggression model
3. Excitation transfer theory
4. Freud’s death wish theory

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 39
If James is rejected by Julie, a girl he likes, this rejection may activate cognitive structures in James’ mind that leads him to perceive ambiguous or neutral actions by other people as hostile in nature and to perceive aggression as common in social interactions and as an appropriate kind of reaction. If this occurs, James would have a(n) ________ mindset.

1. frustration-primed
2. hostile cognitive
3. aggression-ready
4. social-exclusion

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 40
According to recent research, why do people like to play violent video games such as “Grand Theft Auto”?

1. Because they like the violence contained in the game
2. Because they like to commit unlawful actions
3. Because they like opportunities for independence and competence
4. Because they like to inflict harm on other people

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 41
Which of the following is an example of desensitization?

1. Committing violence in order to mimic a violent film
2. Playing violent video games and then not being shocked by actual violence
3. Watching a violent film and then becoming more shocked by actual violence
4. Being so shocked by actual violence that one is unable to watch violent media

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 42
Eric, a senior in high school, always boasted to his classmates that he should be homecoming king because he was the best football player the school had ever had, the most fit and attractive, and the most studious. His classmates knew most of Eric’s claims were not true. Eric is suffering from ________.

1. hostile attributional bias
2. narcissism
3. desensitization
4. excitation transfer issues

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 43
Which of the following is an example of indirect aggression?

1. Jane spreads a malicious rumor about Kate.
2. Jane criticizes Kate’s ideas to her face.
3. Jane slaps Kate across the face.
4. Jane makes sarcastic remarks to Kate.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 44
With respect to gender, how does alcohol affect aggression?

1. Alcohol increases aggression in men, but it decreases aggression in women.
2. Alcohol decreases aggression in men, but it increases aggression in women.
3. Alcohol increases aggression in men, and it increases aggression in women.
4. Alcohol decreases aggression in men, and it decreases aggression in women.

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 45
Which of the following accurately characterizes the common traits of a victim of bullying?

1. Lonely, withdrawn, unhappy, with few friends
2. Callous attitudes toward others, high social intelligence, high status
3. High status, low social intelligence, many friends
4. Low status, high social intelligence, well-liked, sociable

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 46
Each night at midnight, Daryl’s phone buzzes when a text message arrives from an unknown number. The text messages he receives say things like “Watch your back” and “One of these days we’re going to get you” and “You’ll never see it coming.” At first, Daryl tried to ignore these messages, but now he has anxiety about going to school each day. Daryl is a victim of c

1. cyberbullying
2. teasing
3. social exclusion
4. condescension

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 47
In Texas, a man named Will committed a series of unprovoked murders. Will spent many years in prison but was then executed because the state deemed the ultimate consequence of his action to be ________.

1. self-regulation
2. solitary confinement
3. capital punishment
4. deterrence

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 48
While aggression can be viewed as an adaptive behavior from an evolutionary perspective, lashing out at every single provocation is not adaptive, and therefore ________ is necessary.

1. mild aggression
2. self-regulation
3. indirect aggression
4. punishment

Difficulty=Easy

M/C Question 49
Trina received a poor quarterly appraisal of her work performance, and by the time she gets home from work she is so upset that she wants to throw and break something. However, instead, Trina decides to go for a hard 5-mile run. When she gets back from the run, she feels better and her anger has evaporated. Trina’s reduction in aggression can be explained by the ________.

1. general aggression model
2. frustration-aggression hypothesis
3. catharsis hypothesis
4. excitation transfer theory

Difficulty=Medium

M/C Question 50
Raquel’s 3-year-old son has been having intense tantrums when he doesn’t get what he wants. Which of the following should Raquel try in order to reduce his anger when he begins to have a tantrum?

1. She should encourage him count to 10.
2. She should encourage him to scream but not hit.
3. She should encourage him to hit his stuffed animals but not people.
4. She should encourage him to throw things in his room.

Difficulty=Medium

Essay

Essay Question 51
Do evolutionary factors play a large role in aggression? What was Freud’s theory about violence? What does more recent research say about a likely evolutionary role for violence? But what does Hawley’s research say about this?

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 52
Explain what is meant by the frustration-aggression hypothesis. What are the two main beliefs (about frustration and about aggression) that characterize the hypothesis? Furthermore, what does more modern research say about these two conceptual building blocks of the hypothesis? That is, in what ways are they either not true, or are more complex than once thought?

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 53
Presumably, watching violent video games induces desensitization to violent imagery. What does desensitization mean? How was a neuroscientific approach used to study this desensitization? What may one reasonably infer from these data?

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 54
Briefly state the overall view of the relationship between heat and aggression. What types of crimes appear to be affected? Describe the research that looked into crime rates at midday and in the evening?

Difficulty=Medium

 Essay Question 55
What can be done to prevent bullying?

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 56
What is the general aggression model (GAM), what does it suggest, and how does it differ from the frustration-aggression theory?

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 57
What is condescension? What is teasing? How do these influence aggression?

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 58
Describe narcissism, the origin of the word, and its effects on aggression.

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 59
Compare and contrast the traits and characteristics of bullies and the victims of bullying.

Difficulty=Medium

Essay Question 60
What are the two main rationales for punishment? Provide a description of each one.

Difficulty=Medium