Sensation And Perception Wood Ch.3 Complete Test Bank - Mastering the World of Psychology 6th Edition Exam Pack by Samuel E. Wood. DOCX document preview.
Test Bank for Wood 6e
Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
Multiple Choice
1. When information is taken in through the senses, the process is referred to as _____
a) synesthesia.
b) processing.
c) sensation.
d) perception.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.1.1: Contrast the absolute and difference thresholds
Topic: The Process of Sensation
2. When information taken in through the senses is organized and interpreted, the process is referred to as _____
a) synesthesia.
b) perception.
c) sensation.
d) processing.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.1.1: Contrast the absolute and difference thresholds
Topic: The Process of Sensation
3. Sensation and perception are _____
a) completely separate processes.
b) independent of each other.
c) one-way processes.
d) interactive.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.1.1: Contrast the absolute and difference thresholds
Topic: The Process of Sensation
4. The _____ is reached when you are just able to notice that a particular stimulus is actually present.
a) just noticeable difference
b) standard threshold
c) difference threshold
d) absolute threshold
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.1.1: Contrast the absolute and difference thresholds
Topic: The Process of Sensation
5. After you are aware that a stimulus exists, the _____ threshold is reached when you are then able to notice an increase or decrease in that stimulus.
a) comparative
b) standard
c) difference
d) absolute
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.1.1: Contrast the absolute and difference thresholds
Topic: The Process of Sensation
6. Scientists arbitrarily set the limit for _____ as stimulation that can be detected 50 percent of the time.
a) Weber’s law
b) the absolute threshold
c) the difference threshold
d) the saturation point
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.1.1: Contrast the absolute and difference thresholds
Topic: The Process of Sensation
7. As Annalisa is sitting in her bedroom listening to the radio, she notices that it suddenly sounds louder. She looks and is not surprised to find her little sister turning up the volume. How could Annalisa tell that the radio became louder before she saw what her sister was doing?
a) It exceeded her saturation threshold.
b) It exceeded her difference threshold.
c) It exceeded her standard threshold.
d) It exceeded her absolute threshold.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 3.1.1: Contrast the absolute and difference thresholds
Topic: The Process of Sensation
8. The smallest increase or decrease in a physical stimulus that you can detect at least 50 percent of the time is called the _____ difference.
a) minimum
b) just sensed
c) saturation
d) just noticeable
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.1.1: Contrast the absolute and difference thresholds
Topic: The Process of Sensation
9. Loud music has to be turned up much louder for us to notice the difference. When music is playing softly, we notice the difference if it is turned up just a little. This is an example of _____
a) Weber’s law.
b) the absolute threshold.
c) the fixed change law.
d) Broca’s law.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.1.1: Contrast the absolute and difference thresholds
Topic: The Process of Sensation
10. During a classroom experiment, Jay found out that he could sense a hair on his arm when it was barely touched with a pencil tip by Gerard. However, Jay had to wiggle a hair on Gerard’s arm back and forth several times before Gerard could detect the sensation. The scientific explanation for this is that Jay and Gerard have different _____ thresholds.
a) difference
b) Weber’s
c) standard
d) absolute
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.1.1: Contrast the absolute and difference thresholds
Topic: The Process of Sensation
11. Our sense organs have highly specialized cells that detect and respond to sensory stimuli. These specialized cells are _____ receptors.
a) sensory
b) perceptual
c) response
d) somatic
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.1.2: Describe how transduction changes sensory information
Topic: The Process of Sensation
12. After information is brought in through sensory receptors, it goes through a conversion process before the brain is able to process it. This process is called _____
a) accommodation.
b) transduction.
c) adaptation.
d) assimilation.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.1.2: Describe how transduction changes sensory information
Topic: The Process of Sensation
13. The sensory stimuli, such as sound waves, we receive from the environment have to be converted into _____ signals in order to be transmitted to our brain.
a) electrochemical
b) stronger
c) muscle
d) wave
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.1.2: Describe how transduction changes sensory information
Topic: The Process of Sensation
14. Our sensory receptors convert sensory stimuli from our environment into a form that can be sent to, and used by, the brain. This process is called _____
a) assimilation.
b) transduction.
c) transmission.
d) adaptation.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.1.2: Describe how transduction changes sensory information
Topic: The Process of Sensation
15. Brendan just got married and is not used to wearing a wedding band on his left hand. Joel, his best man and a psychology student, correctly reassures him with which of the following statements?
a) “Don’t worry, because of transduction, you’ll soon get used to the ring on your finger.”
b) “Because of assimilation, within a few hours you won’t even know it is there.”
c) “That is something you are just going to have to get used to—you will always be aware of the weight of the ring on your finger.”
d) “The good news is that sensory adaptation will soon kick in, and you won’t even notice the ring on your finger.”
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.1.2: Describe how transduction changes sensory information
Topic: The Process of Sensation
16. The _____ is the narrow band of light waves that our eyes can respond to.
a) optic chiasm
b) perceptual set
c) fovea
d) visible spectrum
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.2.1: Explain the contribution of each part of the eye to vision
Topic: Vision
17. The part of the eye that does the first step in vision by bending light rays inward, directing them through the pupil, is the _____
a) iris.
b) lens.
c) cornea.
d) fovea.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.2.1: Explain the contribution of each part of the eye to vision
Topic: Vision
18. Which part of the eye is a muscle that regulates the size of the pupil?
a) Iris
b) Lens
c) Retina
d) Sclera
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.2.1: Explain the contribution of each part of the eye to vision
Item Analysis: % correct 69 a = 69 b = 9 c = 17 d = 5 r = .39
Topic: Vision
19. The amount of light entering the eye is controlled by the _____
a) cornea.
b) lens.
c) pupil.
d) retina.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.2.1: Explain the contribution of each part of the eye to vision
Item Analysis:
% correct 72 a = 7 b = 13 c = 72 d = 9 r = .31
% correct 65 a = 7 b = 16 c = 65 d = 12 r = .50
Topic: Vision
20. When this part of the eye loses some of its ability to flatten and bulge in order to focus clearly on objects at different distances, we may need eyeglasses.
a) Cornea
b) Lens
c) Pupil
d) Retina
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.2.1: Explain the contribution of each part of the eye to vision
Topic: Vision
21. Which component of the eye contains the visual receptors?
a) Sclera
b) Retina
c) Cornea
d) Posterior chamber
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.2.1: Explain the contribution of each part of the eye to vision
Item Analysis:
% correct 84 a = 1 b = 84 c = 12 d = 3 r = .32
% correct 85 a = 0 b = 85 c = 11 d = 4 r = .22
Topic: Vision
22. Some people have nearsightedness (myopia) or farsightedness (hyperopia) because the distance between their _____ and their _____ is either too short or too long.
a) cornea; lens
b) iris; pupil
c) rods; cones
d) lens; retina
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.2.1: Explain the contribution of each part of the eye to vision
Topic: Vision
23. The receptor cells for vision are located in the _____ and are called _____ and _____
a) cornea; rods and cones.
b) retina; rods and cones.
c) lens; adaptation and focus cells.
d) retina; adaptation and focus cells.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.2.1: Explain the contribution of each part of the eye to vision
Topic: Vision
24. The receptor cells that allow us to see color and fine detail in adequate light are the _____
a) rods.
b) focus cells.
c) cones.
d) color cells.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.2.1: Explain the contribution of each part of the eye to vision
Topic: Vision
25. Our eyes can respond to as little as five photons of light because of the extreme sensitivity of our _____ to light.
a) cones
b) light cells
c) adaptive cells
d) rods
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.2.1: Explain the contribution of each part of the eye to vision
Topic: Vision
26. Alec has always been able to see a wide array of vibrant colors, but he has not been so fortunate when it comes to seeing at night or in otherwise dim lighting. Alec speculates that his color vision is far superior to his night vision. Based on his speculation, which of the following would be true?
a) Alec has rods that function well, but cones that are not as effective as they could be.
b) Alec has no rods in his retinas.
c) Alec has cones that function very well, but rods that are not as effective as they could be.
d) Alec has no cones in his retinas.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.2.1: Explain the contribution of each part of the eye to vision
Topic: Vision
27. Our vision can adapt to change between bright light and dark, but it takes a moment because the _____ in our receptor cells must break apart into _____ and _____ for light adaptation and recombine for dark adaptation.
a) color sensors; black; white
b) rhodopsin; opsin; retinal
c) opsin; rhodopsin; retinal
d) pigment; rods; cones
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 3.2.1: Explain the contribution of each part of the eye to vision
Topic: Vision
28. When you look directly at an object, the image of the object focuses on a spot where many receptor cells called cones are packed together. This spot, which also gives us our sharpest vision, is the _____
a) retina.
b) ganglion.
c) fovea.
d) blind spot.
Skill Level: Evaluate
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.2.1: Explain the contribution of each part of the eye to vision
Topic: Vision
29. The first stage of vision processing takes place in the _____
a) retina.
b) brain.
c) occipital lobe.
d) lens.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.2.2: Explain how visual information gets from the retina to the primary visual cortex
Topic: Vision
30. Which of the following sequences is correct? On its way to the brain, light signals are _____ and then _____
a) transduced by rods and cones; passed to amacrine, bipolar and horizontal cells.
b) sent through the fovea; transduced by amacrine, bipolar and horizontal cells.
c) converted by ganglion cells; sent to the rods and cones.
d) transduced by rods and cones; sent next to the V1 area.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 3.2.2: Explain how visual information gets from the retina to the primary visual cortex
Topic: Vision
31. The last vision-processing step before signals are sent to the brain is in the _____
a) amacrine cells.
b) bipolar cells.
c) horizontal cells.
d) ganglion cells.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.2.2: Explain how visual information gets from the retina to the primary visual cortex
Topic: Vision
32. Why do we have a blind spot in our visual field?
a) From looking at the sun too much
b) Because of an opening through which the optic nerve passes
c) Because of the way the lens focuses light, a spot is missed on the retina
d) From the fovea’s placement
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.2.2: Explain how visual information gets from the retina to the primary visual cortex
Topic: Vision
33. The axons of the ganglion cells bundle together to make the two _____ nerves, which come together at the _____
a) optic; optic chiasm.
b) visual; blind spot.
c) suprachiasmatic; optic chiasm.
d) fovea; visual chiasm.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.2.2: Explain how visual information gets from the retina to the primary visual cortex
Topic: Vision
34. The nerve fibers from the _____ half of each retina go to the _____ hemisphere.
a) right; left
b) right; right
c) left; left
d) back; front
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.2.2: Explain how visual information gets from the retina to the primary visual cortex
Topic: Vision
35. The optic nerve fibers synapse on the _____, which transmits the neural impulses to the _____
a) hypothalamus; thalamus.
b) thalamus; frontal cortex.
c) thalamus: primary visual cortex.
d) optic chiasm; occipital lobe.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.2.2: Explain how visual information gets from the retina to the primary visual cortex
Topic: Vision
36. If our visual perception depended only on the feature detectors in the visual cortex, what would we see?
a) Whole images but without any color
b) Only horizontal lines
c) Only lines at a 40-degree angle
d) Collections of isolated features
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.2.2: Explain how visual information gets from the retina to the primary visual cortex
Topic: Vision
37. Our visual perceptions are complete only when _____ has (have) combined and assembled millions of pieces of visual information into a whole.
a) the occipital lobe
b) the thalamus
c) numerous brain areas
d) the brain stem
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.2.2: Explain how visual information gets from the retina to the primary visual cortex
Topic: Vision
38. _____ is the dimension of light that refers to the specific color perceived.
a) Trichromaticity
b) Hue
c) Saturation
d) Brightness
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.2.3: Explain how color vision works
Topic: Vision
39. _____ is purity of a color, or the degree to which the light waves producing it are of the same wavelength.
a) Saturation
b) Trichromaticity
c) Brightness
d) Hue
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.2.3: Explain how color vision works
Topic: Vision
40. _____ is the intensity of light energy perceived as a color, which is based on the amplitude of the light wave.
a) Hue
b) Trichromaticity
c) Saturation
d) Brightness
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.2.3: Explain how color vision works
Topic: Vision
41. While at the hardware store choosing a color of paint for her bathroom, Leticia narrows her search to two options. She likes the color of the first one and the purity in color of the second one. Leticia’s decision is between the _____ of the first paint choice and the _____ of the second paint choice.
a) hue; saturation
b) hue; brightness
c) saturation; brightness
d) color; hue
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 3.2.3: Explain how color vision works
Topic: Vision
42. The _____ theory is the theory of color vision that suggests three types of cones in the retina each make a maximal chemical response to one of three colors: blue, green, or red.
a) opponent-process
b) rainbow
c) three-cone
d) trichromatic
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.2.3: Explain how color vision works
Topic: Vision
43. The _____ theory is the theory of color vision that suggests three kinds of cells respond by increasing or decreasing their rate of firing when different colors are present.
a) opponent-process
b) decreasing-rate
c) three-cone
d) trichromatic
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.2.3: Explain how color vision works
Topic: Vision
44. The negative afterimage we see after staring at an image and then looking at a blank space provides support for the _____ theory of color vision.
a) top-down
b) bottom-up
c) opponent-process
d) trichromatic
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 3.2.3: Explain how color vision works
Topic: Vision
45. Chris is color-blind. Based on the research about color-blindness, which of the following is false?
a) Chris will likely have some difficulty matching clothes.
b) Chris will only be able to see black, white, and shades of gray.
c) Chris will likely have the most difficulty distinguishing green from red.
d) Chris is likely a male.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.2.3: Explain how color vision works
Topic: Vision
46. The difference between perceiving many fine distinctions between colors and being color blind begins at the _____ level.
a) retinal
b) visual cortex
c) genetic
d) phenotypical
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 3.2.3: Explain how color vision works
Topic: Vision
47. Janice has nine genes for color perception on her X chromosomes. This means that Janice will _____
a) be able to see ultraviolet light.
b) have synesthesia.
c) perceive finer distinctions of shades of color.
d) be color blind.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 3.2.3: Explain how color vision works
Topic: Vision
48. The more force air molecules move with, the _____ the sound you will hear is.
a) higher
b) lower
c) louder
d) softer
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.3.1: Summarize the physical characteristics of sound
Topic: Hearing and Balance
49. The force with which air molecules move determines _____, which is measured in units of _____ as _____
a) loudness; decibels; amplitude.
b) frequency; hertz; timbre.
c) timbre; vibrations; amplitude.
d) saturation; frequencies; hertz.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.3.1: Summarize the physical characteristics of sound
Topic: Hearing and Balance
50. The same musical note played on a guitar, a piano, and a flute does not sound the same because most sounds consist of several different frequencies. This distinctive quality of a sound is called _____
a) hertz.
b) amplitude.
c) unique.
d) timbre.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 3.3.1: Summarize the physical characteristics of sound
Topic: Hearing and Balance
51. _____ is the number of cycles completed by a sound wave in one second, measured as _____ determining the _____ of a sound.
a) Pitch; frequency; oscillations
b) Hertz; frequency; cycles
c) Frequency; tone; pitch
d) Frequency; hertz; pitch
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.3.1: Summarize the physical characteristics of sound
Topic: Hearing and Balance
52. Which of the following properties of sound would be the most similar to the color (hue), of light?
a) Pitch
b) Loudness
c) Timbre
d) Purity
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 3.3.1: Summarize the physical characteristics of sound
Item Analysis: % correct 64 a = 64 b = 10 c = 11 d = 16 r = .20
Topic: Hearing and Balance
53. What is the basic function of the outer ear?
a) To protect the hair cells
b) To concentrate and funnel sound waves to the eardrum
c) To amplify low-intensity sounds to detectable levels
d) To filter out high-intensity sound waves that can be harmful
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.3.2: Identify the contribution of each of the ears to hearing
Item Analysis: % correct 83 a = 3 b = 83 c = 7 d = 5 r = .31
Topic: Hearing and Balance
54. Which of the following traces the correct path of sound waves in the ear?
a) Tympanic membrane, ossicles, oval window, cochlea
b) Oval window, ossicles, tympanic membrane, cochlea
c) Pinna, hammer, anvil, stirrup, oval window
d) Hair cells, eardrum, ossicles, cochlea
Skill Level: Evaluate
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 3.3.2: Identify the contribution of each of the ears to hearing
Topic: Hearing and Balance
55. The three smallest bones in the human body are in the _____ ear; together they are called the _____
a) outer; pinnas.
b) inner; otoliths.
c) middle; ossicles.
d) middle; hammers.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.3.2: Identify the contribution of each of the ears to hearing
Topic: Hearing and Balance
56. The tiny bones in the ear are called the _____
a) oval, hammer, and stick.
b) hammer, triangle, and stirrup.
c) saddle, stirrup, and spur.
d) hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.3.2: Identify the contribution of each of the ears to hearing
Topic: Hearing and Balance
57. Why would a person born without ossicles have difficulty hearing well?
a) No sound waves would reach the eardrum.
b) Sound waves would not be amplified before reaching the cochlea.
c) There would be no sensory receptors to transduce the sound waves.
d) The eardrum would not be able to vibrate.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.3.2: Identify the contribution of each of the ears to hearing
Topic: Hearing and Balance
58. The sensory receptors that transduce sound waves into electrical signals to be transmitted to the brain are called _____
a) hearing cells.
b) cochlear cells.
c) inner ear cells.
d) hair cells.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.3.2: Identify the contribution of each of the ears to hearing
Topic: Hearing and Balance
59. Hearing loss most often results from damage to the sensory receptors caused by _____
a) the process of aging.
b) the buildup of earwax.
c) exposure to excessive noise.
d) chronic ear infections.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.3.2: Identify the contribution of each of the ears to hearing
Topic: Hearing and Balance
60. The _____ theory explains hearing in terms of hair cells vibrating the same number of times per second as the sounds, whereas, the _____ theory explains hearing in terms of a particular pitch and where it vibrates most along the basilar membrane.
a) frequency; opponent-process
b) frequency; place
c) top-down; opponent-process
d) place; frequency
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 3.3.2: Identify the contribution of each of the ears to hearing
Topic: Hearing and Balance
61. _____ provides information about the position and movement of body parts in relation to each other.
a) Gustation
b) Audition
c) The kinesthetic sense
d) The vestibular sense
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.3.3: Describe how the kinesthetic and vestibular senses help us move and stay balanced
Topic: Hearing and Balance
62. _____ allows us to know where our arms are in relation to our legs.
a) The vestibular sense
b) The cochlear sense
c) Olfaction
d) The kinesthetic sense
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.3.3: Describe how the kinesthetic and vestibular senses help us move and stay balanced
Topic: Hearing and Balance
63. The vestibular senses are concerned with _____
a) touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
b) the location of body parts in relation to the ground and to each other.
c) movement and orientation.
d) your location as compared to the position of the sun.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.3.3: Describe how the kinesthetic and vestibular senses help us move and stay balanced
Item Analysis: % 47 a = 23 b = 30 c = 47 d = 0 r = .30
Topic: Hearing and Balance
64. The reason that there are three semicircular canals is so that _____
a) we have one canal to sense motion in each of the three planes.
b) we can see the world in three dimensions.
c) we can detect sound locations in the three-dimensional world.
d) we have an extra if one is broken.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.3.3: Describe how the kinesthetic and vestibular senses help us move and stay balanced
Topic: Hearing and Balance
65. How does transduction occur in the semicircular canals?
a) Electrical signals are received from the environment.
b) The movement of fluid bends hair cells.
c) Hair cells release a neurotransmitter when stimulated.
d) Receptor cells are activated by sound.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.3.3: Describe how the kinesthetic and vestibular senses help us move and stay balanced
Topic: Hearing and Balance
66. If you are standing on one foot and you close your eyes, you don’t immediately fall over because your _____ fills in for some of the missing visual information.
a) parietal sense
b) olfactory sense
c) photoreceptors
d) kinesthetic sense
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 3.3.3: Describe how the kinesthetic and vestibular senses help us move and stay balanced
Topic: Hearing and Balance
67. The sense of smell is also known as _____
a) olfaction.
b) the salivary sense.
c) chemical infarctation.
d) gustation.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.4.1: Explain how smell sensations get from the nose to the brain
Item Analysis:
% correct 91 a = 91 b = 3 c = 2 d = 4 r = .38
% correct 91 a = 91 b = 6 c = 1 d = 2 r = .45
Topic: Smell, Taste, and Touch
68. An olfactory stimulus travels from receptor to _____
a) olfactory bulb.
b) thalamus.
c) amygdala.
d) pons.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.4.1: Explain how smell sensations get from the nose to the brain
Topic: Smell, Taste, and Touch
69. Olfaction works through which of the following?
a) Hair cells lining the nose
b) Receptors that directly receive molecules
c) Vaporized molecules that go straight to the brain
d) Olfactory bulbs that store odor molecules and pump them to the limbic system
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.4.1: Explain how smell sensations get from the nose to the brain
Topic: Smell, Taste, and Touch
70. Smell signals are transmitted to neurons in the _____, then to other parts of the same system for _____ interpretation.
a) temporal lobes; cognitive
b) aqueductal grey area; smell
c) peripheral nervous system; sympathetic nervous system
d) limbic system; emotional
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.4.1: Explain how smell sensations get from the nose to the brain
Topic: Smell, Taste, and Touch
71. What is the best explanation for the dog’s superior sense of smell compared to ours?
a) They have long snouts.
b) They are closer to the ground.
c) Their olfactory epithelium is much larger.
d) Their olfactory neurons project into their brain and ours don’t.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.4.1: Explain how smell sensations get from the nose to the brain
Topic: Smell, Taste, and Touch
72. Laverne looks at the tongue of her friend and sees all kinds of bumps on her tongue. “Girl,” she says, “you sure have a lot of _____
a) olfactory receptors.”
b) taste buds.”
c) papillae.”
d) taste receptors.”
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.4.2: Explain how we detect the primary taste sensations
Item Analysis: % correct 17 a = 4 b = 67 c = 17 d = 13 r = .32
Topic: Smell, Taste, and Touch
73. What are the five primary tastes?
a) Hot, sour, spicy, sweet, origami
b) Salty, sour, spicy, sweet, tart
c) Bitter, salty, sour, sweet, umami
d) Peppery, salty, sour, sweet, acidic
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.4.2: Explain how we detect the primary taste sensations
Item Analysis:
% correct 69 a = 0 b = 30 c = 69 d = 1 r = .32
% correct 94 a = 0 b = 4 c = 94 d = 1 r = .39
Topic: Smell, Taste, and Touch
74. Jan thanks Sally for the “gustatory delight.” She is thanking Sally for which of the following?
a) A lovely new perfume
b) A certificate for a massage
c) A delicious birthday cake
d) A great new music CD
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.4.2: Explain how we detect the primary taste sensations
Topic: Smell, Taste, and Touch
75. Felicia’s Mom nags her about not getting her son to eat more broccoli and salad greens. Felicia tries to explain to her mother that it is difficult because _____
a) he is a super taster.
b) he is a nontaster.
c) he has no papillae.
d) he has no sense of smell.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.4.2: Explain how we detect the primary taste sensations
Topic: Smell, Taste, and Touch
76. The skin has many nerve endings that respond to _____ stimulation and send the neural impulses on toward the _____ cortex.
a) gustatory; olfactory
b) tactile; somatosensory
c) emotional; limbic
d) threshold; chemosensory
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.4.3: Explain how the skin provides pleasant and unpleasant sensations
Topic: Smell, Taste, and Touch
77. Which of the following is true about our sense of touch?
a) We can lose it and get along just fine.
b) It is critical to our survival.
c) Our kinesthetic sense will make up for the loss.
d) It comes from chemoreceptors in our skin.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.4.3: Explain how the skin provides pleasant and unpleasant sensations
Topic: Smell, Taste, and Touch
78. According to _____-control theory, interference from other neural messages reduces our perception of pain by _____
a) pain; producing endorphins.
b) spinal; changing our focus.
c) attention; reducing our attention to it.
d) gate; blocking some pain messages.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.4.3: Explain how the skin provides pleasant and unpleasant sensations
Topic: Smell, Taste, and Touch
79. Which of the following could explain why women in general have more pain tolerance than men do?
a) Testosterone stimulates pain receptors when they activate.
b) Women are socialized differently.
c) Women multitask so much more than men do.
d) Estrogen sensitizes neurons to endorphins.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.4.3: Explain how the skin provides pleasant and unpleasant sensations
Topic: Smell, Taste, and Touch
80. Gloria says that it relieves the pain in her broken finger when she takes a multivitamin. Her mother taught her this trick. Jeff says it’s all in her head. He is correct because _____
a) multivitamins can’t relieve pain.
b) Gloria’s mother made this up.
c) the placebo effect causes brain changes.
d) multivitamins increase the availability of endorphins.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.4.3: Explain how the skin provides pleasant and unpleasant sensations
Topic: Smell, Taste, and Touch
81. _____ is the mental process of making meaning out of sensory information.
a) Abstraction
b) Sensations
c) Perception
d) Consciousness
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.5.1: Summarize what we gain and lose when we attend to a stimulus
Item Analysis: % correct 80 a = 0 b = 13 c = 80 d = 6 r = .26
Topic: Influences on Perception
82. Molly _____ the stimulation coming in from the environment and _____ what she is experiencing.
a) observes; senses
b) filters; transduces
c) perceives; senses
d) senses; perceives
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.5.1: Summarize what we gain and lose when we attend to a stimulus
Topic: Influences on Perception
83. Which of the following is an example of an automatic, noneffortful mental process of perception?
a) While driving, I choose which cars to pay closer attention to.
b) While driving, I think about the groceries I need.
c) While driving, I don’t see the gorilla because I am watching the cars.
d) While driving, I see cars and know they are cars.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.5.1: Summarize what we gain and lose when we attend to a stimulus
Topic: Influences on Perception
84. When we have to use mental effort to determine what we perceive, the process of _____ is at work.
a) inattentional blindness
b) attention
c) multitasking
d) sensory overload
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.5.1: Summarize what we gain and lose when we attend to a stimulus
Topic: Influences on Perception
85. In an experiment, Beau was told to watch the basketball team in the blue shirts and count how many baskets they made. Later he learned a person in a giraffe costume had walked on and off the court during the game and he had not seen it! He was disturbed to think that he could have missed something so obvious and wondered if there was something wrong with him. You could reassure him by explaining that _____ is a normal phenomenon in human perception.
a) inattentional blindness
b) automatic perception
c) sensory overload
d) memory loss
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.5.1: Summarize what we gain and lose when we attend to a stimulus
Topic: Influences on Perception
86. It is not a psychic ability that allows Hans to know that someone is talking about him in the auditorium. Hearing his name is a strong attentional cue and he is experiencing the _____ phenomenon, where we perceive only the conversations our attention focuses on amidst all the people talking.
a) cocktail party
b) cross-modal
c) phi effect
d) effortful attention
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.5.1: Summarize what we gain and lose when we attend to a stimulus
Topic: Influences on Perception
87. Cynthia and Greg were watching an old film where the actor’s lips moved uncoordinated with their speech. “This is crazy,” she said to Greg. “I know they are speaking English but I am having a hard time understanding it!” Cynthia was experiencing difficulty due to conflicting _____
a) attentional cues.
b) cross-modal perception.
c) filtering demand.
d) uni-modal perception.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.5.1: Summarize what we gain and lose when we attend to a stimulus
Topic: Influences on Perception
88. Which of the following statements is true about having a cell phone turned on while driving?
a) It will have no effect as long as you do not text on it.
b) It will not be a problem if you are using a hands-free phone.
c) Even ignoring signals from it seriously affects your attention and your driving.
d) As long as you ignore signals until you are at a stop, it does not seriously affect your driving.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.5.1: Summarize what we gain and lose when we attend to a stimulus
Topic: Influences on Perception
89. Anna wants to be a safe driver. She hopes never to hurt anyone by failing to pay attention while driving. Which of the following is the best advice for her?
a) Talk on your phone, but never text while driving.
b) Change the radio station immediately if it is irritating you.
c) Answer your phone so you are not distracted by wondering who it is.
d) Ask your passengers not to talk if it is distracting you.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.5.1: Summarize what we gain and lose when we attend to a stimulus
Topic: Influences on Perception
90. Bottom-up processing is a _____-driven strategy used to form complete, meaningful, perceptions.
a) concept
b) visual
c) somatic
d) data
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.5.2: Explain how prior knowledge influences perception
Topic: Influences on Perception
91. Which of the following illustrates a bottom-up processing strategy?
a) Knowing cats have tails, Bobby looked for other catlike features when he saw a tail in the picture.
b) Animals have tails; there is a tail on the shape in the picture; therefore, it is an animal.
c) Bobby looked at each part of the drawing to see how they could fit together to make something recognizable.
d) Bobby’s cat is yellow; the animal-like shape in the picture is yellow, so he knows it is a cat.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 3.5.2: Explain how prior knowledge influences perception
Topic: Influences on Perception
92. When playing charades, it is easier to get the answer because you know what category it will be in. This illustrates _____ processing.
a) bottom-up
b) reverse
c) identification
d) top-down
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.5.2: Explain how prior knowledge influences perception
Topic: Influences on Perception
93. Starting with a concept, or expectation, of what you will perceive is called a(n) _____ set.
a) expectation
b) bias set
c) perceptual set
d) processing
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.5.2: Explain how prior knowledge influences perception
Topic: Influences on Perception
94. In a classic study, psychologists were admitted to a psychiatric hospital with a false diagnosis of schizophrenia. They behaved in normal ways, but the staff saw their behavior as signs of schizophrenia. This study illustrates the power of _____
a) false perception.
b) psychologists’ acting ability.
c) a perceptual set.
d) ignorance.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.5.2: Explain how prior knowledge influences perception
Topic: Influences on Perception
95. A bottom-up processing strategy is best for certain types of tasks because the top-down strategy can keep you from processing important _____
a) concepts.
b) details.
c) expectations.
d) gestalts.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.5.2: Explain how prior knowledge influences perception
Topic: Influences on Perception
96. What concept is at play when your expectation of what will be perceived actually affects the reality of what you perceived?
a) Cross-modal perception
b) The Ganzfeld effect
c) Inattentional blindness
d) The perceptual set
Skill Level: Evaluate
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.5.2: Explain how prior knowledge influences perception
Topic: Influences on Perception
97. If you were doing a “Find the difference between these two pictures” feature in a magazine, you would do best with a _____ strategy.
a) bottom-up
b) top-down
c) processing
d) perceptual set
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.5.2: Explain how prior knowledge influences perception
Topic: Influences on Perception
98. Brain-imaging studies have shown that we process social information with _____
a) the same strategies as other information.
b) a specialized neurological system.
c) social neurons.
d) only our frontal lobes.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.5.3: Describe how we perceive social stimuli
Topic: Influences on Perception
99. _____ neurons fire when we observe a motor action (movement), and when we produce one.
a) Social
b) Spinal
c) Mirror
d) Extraparamidal
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.5.3: Describe how we perceive social stimuli
Topic: Influences on Perception
100. The _____ is a brain system that processes information about others’ emotional facial expressions and movements.
a) social neural system
b) facial construction system
c) interpretive neural system
d) mirror neuron system
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.5.3: Describe how we perceive social stimuli
Topic: Influences on Perception
101. Ravi looked angry but said he wasn’t angry. He got mad because his girlfriend would not believe he wasn’t mad! Too bad he didn’t know about _____
a) bimodal cross perception.
b) cross-modal social perception.
c) perceptual sets.
d) bottom-up processing.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.5.3: Describe how we perceive social stimuli
Topic: Influences on Perception
102. Jacob had trouble matching his facial expressions to the appropriate emotion or correctly interpreting others’ emotional cues from their facial expressions. He needed more help from his _____
a) mirror neurons.
b) social neurons.
c) interpretive neurons.
d) frontal lobes.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.5.3: Describe how we perceive social stimuli
Topic: Influences on Perception
103. The German word gestalt has no exact English equivalent but means roughly _____
a) the details.
b) the whole pattern.
c) bottom-up processing.
d) organization.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.6.1: Summarize the Gestalt principles of perceptual organization
Topic: Principles of Perception
104. The Gestalt psychologists would agree that _____
a) the whole is more than the sum of its parts.
b) the devil is in the details.
c) the steps are more important than the journey.
d) if you know the bricks, you know the building.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 3.6.1: Summarize the Gestalt principles of perceptual organization
Topic: Principles of Perception
105. As we view the world, objects often appear to stand out against a backdrop. This is the Gestalt principle of _____
a) similarity.
b) proximity.
c) figure-ground.
d) continuity.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.6.1: Summarize the Gestalt principles of perceptual organization
Topic: Principles of Perception
106. Figure-ground relationships concern the tendency to _____
a) perceive objects, or figures, on some background.
b) complete figures that are incomplete.
c) perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping.
d) perceive things with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex, broken-up pattern.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.6.1: Summarize the Gestalt principles of perceptual organization
Item Analysis: % correct 61 a = 61 b = 7 c = 15 d = 17 r = .35
Topic: Principles of Perception
107. The tendency to perceive things that look similar as part of the same group is known as _____
a) figure-ground relationship.
b) closure.
c) similarity.
d) proximity.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.6.1: Summarize the Gestalt principles of perceptual organization
Item Analysis: % 72 a = 2 b = 6 c = 72 d = 19 r = .32
Topic: Principles of Perception
108. Closure is the tendency to _____
a) perceive objects, or figures, on some background.
b) complete figures that are incomplete.
c) perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping.
d) perceive things with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex, broken-up pattern.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.6.1: Summarize the Gestalt principles of perceptual organization
Item Analysis:
% correct 78 a = 3 b = 78 c = 7 d = 12 r = .36
% correct 82 a = 0 b = 82 c = 4 d = 13 r = .29
Topic: Principles of Perception
109. Continuity is the tendency to _____
a) perceive objects, or figures, on some background.
b) complete figures that are incomplete.
c) perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping.
d) perceive things with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex, broken-up pattern.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Item Analysis: % correct 83 a = 1 b = 9 c = 6 d = 83 r = .25
Learning Objective: 3.6.1: Summarize the Gestalt principles of perceptual organization
Topic: Principles of Perception
110. The tendency to interpret an object as always being the same physical dimensions, regardless of its distance from the viewer, is known as _____
a) size constancy.
b) shape constancy.
c) brightness constancy.
d) color constancy.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.6.1: Summarize the Gestalt principles of perceptual organization
Topic: Principles of Perception
111. The phenomenon that lets us perceive objects as having stable properties no matter their distance, viewing angle, or lighting is called _____
a) shape constancy.
b) sensory constancy.
c) size constancy.
d) perceptual constancy.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.6.1: Summarize the Gestalt principles of perceptual organization
Topic: Principles of Perception
112. Molly looks at a plate while standing in front of it. She moves over and looks at it from a 45-degree angle, and by golly, it still looks round. This is because of _____
a) size constancy.
b) temporal constancy.
c) shape constancy.
d) angle constancy.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.6.1: Summarize the Gestalt principles of perceptual organization
Topic: Principles of Perception
113. A piece of paper looks white in both the noonday sun and under moonlight, even though there is less light being reflected off the paper under moonlight. This form of perceptual constancy is called ____
a) size constancy.
b) shape constancy.
c) brightness constancy.
d) color constancy.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.6.1: Summarize the Gestalt principles of perceptual organization
Topic: Principles of Perception
114. Helen is looking at a picture in which some of the border is missing. However, she is still able to understand that the object is a picture of an American flag due to the perceptual principle of _____
a) continuity.
b) figure-ground.
c) proximity.
d) closure.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.6.1: Summarize the Gestalt principles of perceptual organization
Topic: Principles of Perception
115. Dorian drove his wife to the airport so she could attend her business trip. What explains his understanding that the actual airplane is not getting smaller and smaller as he sees the airplane take off and fly high into the sky?
a) Size constancy
b) Brightness constancy
c) Color constancy
d) Tone constancy
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.6.1: Summarize the Gestalt principles of perceptual organization
Topic: Principles of Perception
116. The images cast on our retinas are _____ like _____
a) flat; photographs.
b) three-dimensional; movies.
c) four-dimensional; holograms.
d) nondimensional; paper.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.6.2: Compare how monocular and binocular cues contribute to perception
Topic: Principles of Perception
117. The ability to perceive the visual world in three dimensions requires _____ perception.
a) three-dimensional
b) volume
c) depth
d) monochromatic
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.6.2: Compare how monocular and binocular cues contribute to perception
Topic: Principles of Perception
118. Visual distance and depth cues that require the use of both eyes are called _____
a) monocular cues.
b) diocular cues.
c) binocular cues.
d) dichromatic cues.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.6.2: Compare how monocular and binocular cues contribute to perception
Topic: Principles of Perception
119. The fact that, when we look at an object, each one of our two eyes receives a slightly different image of the object; this is known as _____
a) binocular disparity.
b) binocular inversion.
c) convergence.
d) stereophonic vision.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.6.2: Compare how monocular and binocular cues contribute to perception
Topic: Principles of Perception
120. The visual depth cues perceived with one eye alone are called _____ depth cues.
a) monochromatic
b) uniocular
c) monocular
d) single
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.6.2: Compare how monocular and binocular cues contribute to perception
Topic: Principles of Perception
121. When one object partly blocks your view of another, and you perceive the partially blocked object as being farther away, it is called _____
a) linear perspective.
b) atmospheric perspective.
c) motion parallax.
d) interposition.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.6.2: Compare how monocular and binocular cues contribute to perception
Topic: Principles of Perception
122. Because the eyes are far enough apart, they each give a slightly different view. This _____ provides an important cue for depth perception.
a) binocular disparity
b) atmospheric perspective
c) linear perspective
d) interposition
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.6.2: Compare how monocular and binocular cues contribute to perception
Topic: Principles of Perception
123. The depth cue in which faraway objects appear to be hazy and have a blurred outline is called _____
a) linear perspective.
b) shadowing.
c) atmospheric perspective.
d) motion parallax.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.6.2: Compare how monocular and binocular cues contribute to perception
Item Analysis: % correct 69 a = 14 b = 11 c = 69 d = 5 r = .45
Topic: Principles of Perception
124. Texture gradient refers to the fact that texture appears to become _____
a) more detailed in the distance.
b) more detailed as brightness increases.
c) less detailed in the distance.
d) less detailed when it is brighter.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.6.2: Compare how monocular and binocular cues contribute to perception
Topic: Principles of Perception
125. Our brain seems to search for a stable _____ point in the environment in order to judge motion.
a) relative
b) interposition
c) parallax
d) reference
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.6.2: Compare how monocular and binocular cues contribute to perception
Topic: Principles of Perception
126. Reggie tried to meditate by staring at a light in a dark room, but the light kept appearing to move. He was experiencing _____
a) phi phenomenon.
b) autokinetic illusion.
c) stroboscopic motion.
d) parallax motion.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.6.3: Describe how the brain perceives motion
Topic: Principles of Perception
127. All our hours of movie enjoyment are made possible by the _____
a) autokinetic illusion.
b) phi phenomenon.
c) motion parallax.
d) linear perspective.
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.6.3: Describe how the brain perceives motion
Topic: Principles of Perception
128. While camping, Alicia and Seth saw a bright light in the distance on a very dark night. After watching it for a few moments, it suddenly began to move. If they looked away and then looked back, it appeared to hover in one spot, then start moving again. They told their friends they had seen a UFO. Really, they had been fooled by _____
a) stroboscopic motion.
b) the motion parallax.
c) the autokinetic illusion.
d) the principle of continuity.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.6.3: Describe how the brain perceives motion
Topic: Principles of Perception
129. James Gibson pointed out that perception of motion is based on fundamental but frequently _____ assumptions about stability.
a) reversed
b) interposed
c) stroboscopic
d) changing
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.6.3: Describe how the brain perceives motion
Topic: Principles of Perception
130. Max and Erin drew a slightly different picture of stick figures on each of 50 two by four inch pages in a notepad. When they rapidly flipped through them, _____ made it look like the stick figures themselves were moving.
a) motion parallax
b) relative size
c) autokinetic illusion
d) retinal disparity
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.6.3: Describe how the brain perceives motion
Topic: Principles of Perception
131. Object _____ offers powerful evidence that perceptions are more than the sum of sensory parts because our perception of the same image changes beyond our control as we look at it.
a) ambiguity
b) motion
c) shading
d) perspective
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.7.1: List the three puzzling perceptions
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
132. What can be concluded from the cultural research on the Müller-Lyer illusion?
a) Experiencing illusions is innate; humans are born with the ability to be fooled by our perceptions.
b) The experience of this illusion depends on the age and ethnicity of the individuals studied.
c) Those who live in rectangular homes and buildings experienced the illusion more readily than those who live in round houses and buildings.
d) Cultural experience played no role in being able or not being able to experience the illusion.
Skill Level: Evaluate
Difficulty: Moderate
Learning Objective: 3.7.1: List the three puzzling perceptions
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
133. An illusion is _____
a) the same thing as a hallucination.
b) a magic trick.
c) due to malfunctioning sensory receptors.
d) a perception that does not correspond to reality.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.7.1: List the three puzzling perceptions
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
134. The illusion based on the concept that many people live in a world with lots of straight lines and corners is the _____ illusion.
a) moon
b) Poggendorf
c) Ponzo
d) Müller-Lyer
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.7.1: List the three puzzling perceptions
Item Analysis: % correct 65 a = 7 b = 6 c = 22 d = 65 r = .40
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
135. The Ponzo illusion plays a trick on our estimate of _____
a) shape.
b) distance.
c) size.
d) motion.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.7.1: List the three puzzling perceptions
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
136. In the moon illusion, the moon looks _____ near the horizon, perhaps because of its ____ size when compared to trees, buildings, and other objects.
a) larger; relative
b) smaller; larger
c) oval; strange
d) shrunken; relative
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.7.1: List the three puzzling perceptions
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
137. The Müller-Lyer illusion demonstrates that not all perceptual illusions are only _____, but that _____ can be a factor in susceptibility to certain illusions.
a) strong; genetics
b) innate; experience
c) successful; intelligence
d) cultural; genes
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 3.7.1: List the three puzzling perceptions
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
138. When Jen looked at the picture, her perception of it kept changing from an Eskimo to a polar bear and back again. It must have been a(n) _____ figure.
a) impossible
b) Ponzo
c) ambiguous
d) reverse
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.7.1: List the three puzzling perceptions
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
139. Illusions result from _____ of sensory input; extrasensory perception involves perception that is _____ sensory input.
a) misperceptions; independent of
b) damage; beyond
c) manipulation; false
d) representations; greater than
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.7.1: List the three puzzling perceptions
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
140. _____ perception is the capacity to perceive and respond to stimuli presented below the threshold of awareness.
a) Subliminal
b) Extrasensory
c) Synesthetic
d) Abnormal
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.7.2: Compare studies of subliminal perception, ESP, and synesthesia
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
141. Experimental, placebo-controlled studies have demonstrated that using subliminal messages to control appetite or smoking have _____ effect on behavior.
a) a slight
b) a powerful
c) a negative
d) no
Skill Level: Evaluate
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.7.2: Compare studies of subliminal perception, ESP, and synesthesia
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
142. Subliminal persuasion may _____ behavior, but not _____ behavior.
a) change; maintain
b) initiate; stop
c) influence; control
d) condition; reinforce
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.7.2: Compare studies of subliminal perception, ESP, and synesthesia
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
143. Any experiments that seemed to support the idea that ESP exists have not been able to be _____
a) published.
b) peer-reviewed.
c) replicated.
d) funded.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.7.2: Compare studies of subliminal perception, ESP, and synesthesia
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
144. The idea that one could gain information about objects or events without the use of the senses is called _____, whereas _____ refers to awareness of an event before it happens.
a) telepathy; clairvoyance
b) telekinesis; telepathy
c) precognition; clairvoyance
d) clairvoyance; precognition
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.7.2: Compare studies of subliminal perception, ESP, and synesthesia
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
145. A experiment in which two individuals are placed in separate rooms while one tries to send information and the other tries to receive it without use of any of the senses is using the _____ procedure.
a) ESP
b) Ganzfeld
c) telepathy
d) double blind
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.7.2: Compare studies of subliminal perception, ESP, and synesthesia
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
146. Most psychologists are _____ about the existence of ESP.
a) cynical
b) skeptical
c) sure
d) certain
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.7.2: Compare studies of subliminal perception, ESP, and synesthesia
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
147. Most instances where a person thinks they experienced precognition have occurred while people were _____
a) frightened.
b) in a trance.
c) dreaming.
d) intoxicated.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.7.2: Compare studies of subliminal perception, ESP, and synesthesia
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
148. “Colored hearing” is a common form of _____
a) mental illness.
b) hallucination.
c) delusion.
d) synesthesia.
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.7.2: Compare studies of subliminal perception, ESP, and synesthesia
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
149. When Beatrice tastes ginger, an orange blob appears in her field of vision. Beatrice has a type of _____
a) brain tumor.
b) synesthesia.
c) mental delusion.
d) neurosis.
Skill Level: Apply
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.7.2: Compare studies of subliminal perception, ESP, and synesthesia
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
150. Compared with people trained to associate words with colors, people with _____ show different brain areas are active when hearing words and seeing colors with them.
a) brain tumors
b) good imaginations
c) synesthesia
d) extrasensory perception
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: 3.7.2: Compare studies of subliminal perception, ESP, and synesthesia
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
Completion (Fill-in-the-Blank)
1. Lola ordered a piping hot espresso at the local coffeehouse. As she began to drink it, she noticed that it was too cold. The information brought to her brain from her tongue, sight, and sense of touch is referred to as _____, whereas the understanding that she was drinking espresso and not milk or soda is referred to as _____.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 3.1.1: Contrast the absolute and difference thresholds
Topic: The Process of Sensation
2. Mirabella was eating a delicious scone. In order for her to have perceived the taste of it, the food stimulus had to meet or exceed her _____ threshold.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 3.1.1: Contrast the absolute and difference thresholds
Topic: The Process of Sensation
3. In order to perceive a stimulus, that stimulus has to meet or exceed the _____ threshold; in order to detect a change in that stimulus, the stimulus has to meet or exceed the _____ threshold.
Difficulty: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 3.1.1: Contrast the absolute and difference thresholds
Topic: The Process of Sensation
4. _____ is the process in which sensory information is changed into neural impulses.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 3.1.2: Describe how transduction changes sensory information
Topic: The Process of Sensation
5. Reduced sensory awareness after constant, unchanging stimuli is referred to as _____.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 3.1.2: Describe how transduction changes sensory information
Topic: The Process of Sensation
6. In the morning when Khalil puts on his baseball cap, he notices the tightness around his head. However, as the morning progresses, he no longer pays attention to the baseball cap and grows accustomed to the feeling around his head. This scenario is illustrating the process of _____.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 3.1.2: Describe how transduction changes sensory information
Topic: The Process of Sensation
7. The most studied of all the senses is _____.
Difficulty: Easy
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 3.2.1: Explain the contribution of each part of the eye to vision
Topic: Vision
8. _____ is/are the stimulus/stimuli required for vision to occur.
Difficulty: Difficult
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 3.2.1: Explain the contribution of each part of the eye to vision
Topic: Vision
9. The structure that enlarges or becomes smaller depending on the amount of light needed for vision is referred to as the _____.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 3.2.1: Explain the contribution of each part of the eye to vision
Topic: Vision
10. _____ is the technical name for nearsightedness, whereas _____ is the technical name for farsightedness.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 3.2.1: Explain the contribution of each part of the eye to vision
Topic: Vision
11. Destiny has difficulty seeing far away, while her sister Ebony has difficulty seeing objects close to her. Based on difficulties with their vision, Destiny would be diagnosed with _____ whereas Ebony would be diagnosed with _____.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 3.2.1: Explain the contribution of each part of the eye to vision
Topic: Vision
12. When opsin and retinal combine, _____ occurs. When opsin and retinal break apart, _____ occurs.
Difficulty: Difficult
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 3.2.1: Explain the contribution of each part of the eye to vision
Topic: Vision
13. After visual information is transduced, the neural impulses travel on the optic nerve from the optic chiasm to the thalamus, which then sends it to the _____, the specific area in the occipital lobe devoted to visual processing.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 3.2.2: Explain how visual information gets from the retina to the primary visual cortex
Topic: Vision
14. _____ and _____ are the researchers whose study of the visual cortexes of cats helped them win the Nobel Prize.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 3.2.2: Explain how visual information gets from the retina to the primary visual cortex
Topic: Vision
15. _____ is the dimension of light that pertains to the specific color that is perceived, whereas _____ refers to the purity of that color.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 3.2.3: Explain how color vision works
Topic: Vision
16. Your friend Fred is writing a poem for his creative writing class. He needs a single word to describe the sensation and process of hearing. As a psychology student studying the sensation and perception chapter of your textbook, you know to shout out, “_____!”
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 3.3.1: Summarize the physical characteristics of sound
Topic: Hearing and Balance
17. The ossicles are housed in the _____ ear, whereas the cochlea is housed in the _____ ear.
Difficulty: Easy
87
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 3.3.2: Identify the contribution of each of the ears to hearing
Topic: Hearing and Balance
18. An absence of the cochlea will result in _____.
Difficulty: Difficult
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 3.3.2: Identify the contribution of each of the ears to hearing
Topic: Hearing and Balance
19. Zoe is riding a roller coaster. The _____ sense is offering her information regarding the speed and angle at which she is moving.
Difficulty: Difficult
90
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 3.3.3: Describe how the kinesthetic and vestibular senses help us move and stay balanced
Topic: Hearing and Balance
20. The _____, which is/are located in the _____ ear, sense the rotation of the head thereby aiding in balance.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Analyze
Learning Objective: 3.3.3: Describe how the kinesthetic and vestibular senses help us move and stay balanced
Topic: Hearing and Balance
21. The area in the nasal cavity that houses about 10 million olfactory neurons is called the _____.
Difficulty: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 3.4.1: Explain how smell sensations get from the nose to the brain
Topic: Smell, Taste, and Touch
22. Olfaction refers to the sense of _____, whereas gustation refers to the sense of _____.
Difficulty: Easy
92
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 3.4.1: Explain how smell sensations get from the nose to the brain
Topic: Smell, Taste, and Touch
23. Taste receptors in humans are replaced _____.
Difficulty: Difficult
Skill Level: Understand
Learning Objective: 3.4.2: Explain how we detect the primary taste sensations
Topic: Smell, Taste, and Touch
24. Tactile information is registered in the _____ cortex, which is located within the _____ lobe of the brain.
Difficulty: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 3.4.3: Explain how the skin provides pleasant and unpleasant sensations
Topic: Smell, Taste, and Touch
25. Jess was driving to work one day and heard his cell phone ring. He fumbled through his backpack to find his phone and then proceeded to answer it. As he took the call, he heard and felt his car hit the car in front of him. Because he wasn’t directly focusing on the road while he took the call, Jess experienced what psychologists refer to as _____.
Difficulty: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
Learning Objective: 3.5.1: Summarize what we gain and lose when we attend to a stimulus
Topic: Influences on Perception
Essay Questions
1. Define transduction, explain its significance, and illustrate your understanding of it by detailing transduction of the eye.
2. Your friends Kara and Lincoln are arguing over something Lincoln read in the newspaper. The newspaper reported, and Lincoln agrees, that sound can be heard in outer space. Kara disagrees. Which one of your friends is correct? Why? Provide scientific support for your answer.
3. Define audition and explain, in detail, the transduction process for audition.
4. Define olfaction, explain its function, and illustrate the transduction process.
5. Discuss the effects on perception of perceptual sets and top-down processing.
1. Why is transduction so important?
2. What is the purpose of sensory adaptation?
3. What will likely result if an individual experiences a completely detached retina?
4. What is the significance of the optic chiasm?
5. What is it about the fovea that allows it to provide the sharpest and clearest vision?
6. What will likely result if an individual’s ossicles became fused together?
7. What will be the likely result, in terms of taste, if someone were to lose her or his tongue to injury or accident?
8. Luca is a psychologist and is seeing Noah in therapy for the first time. When asked of his childhood, Noah responds, “It was pleasant.” Luca couldn’t help but notice that Noah’s voice and facial expression was one of anger. Is Luca most likely to rely on Noah’s facial expression or on what he said?
9. If a person has use of only one eye, how is it that she or he can still perceive depth?
10. Why is there skepticism about ESP, even though a few studies seemed to support that it can occur?
Skill Level: Analyze
Difficulty: Difficult
Learning Objective: 3.7.2: Compare studies of subliminal perception, ESP, and synesthesia
Topic: Principles of Perception
Topic: Unusual Perceptual Experiences
Document Information
Connected Book
Mastering the World of Psychology 6th Edition Exam Pack
By Samuel E. Wood