Sanderson Ch.11 Verified Test Bank Leadership

CHAPTER 11 TEST BANK

Multiple Choice

1. Believing that most individuals could be trained to be leaders is most consistent which with leadership theory?
   1. behavioral theories
   2. Fiedler’s contingency model
   3. "Great man" theory
   4. relational-oriented leadership
2. Claiming that a great leader and coach was simply "born to lead" is emblematic of which leadership theory?
   1. Trait theory
   2. Fiedler’s contingency model
   3. behavioral theory
   4. interactional theory
3. According to behavior theory, what are two key behaviors of leaders?
   1. consideration; an initiating structure
   2. competition; compassion
   3. transformation; consolidation
   4. transaction; interaction
4. Which of the following theories is NOT an interactional approach to leadership?
   1. Trait theory
   2. Fiedler’s contingency model
   3. Path-Goal Theory
   4. Life Cycle Theory
5. The interactional approach to leadership suggests that effective leadership is a product of the leader's leadership style and _____.
   1. the demands of the situation
   2. the group members' personalities
   3. the relationship between the leader and the group members
   4. The Path-Goal of the leader
6. Which of the following behaviors is an initiating structure behavior?
   1. Asking that group members follow rules
   2. Listening to group members
   3. being friendly and approachable
   4. treating group members fairly
7. Which of the following behaviors is a consideration behavior?
   1. treating group members fairly
   2. Asking that group members follow rules
   3. maintaining standards of performance
   4. Having clear, known expectations
8. Specifying rewards and punishments for meeting and failing to meet performance goals is typical of which type of leadership?
   1. transactional leadership
   2. transformational leadership
   3. contingency leadership
   4. Trait leadership
9. Focusing more on inspiring group members and leading by example is typical of which leadership style?
   1. transformational leadership
   2. transactional leadership
   3. Trait leadership
   4. contingency leadership
10. According to contingency models of leadership, the two basic leadership styles are:
    1. task-oriented and relationship-oriented
    2. player-oriented and team-oriented
    3. goal-oriented and process-oriented
    4. trait-oriented and state-oriented
11. When a player complains that they don't "mesh" with their coach's leadership style, they are implicitly evoking a _____ model of leadership
    1. interactional
    2. transformational
    3. goal-oriented
    4. trait
12. Research suggesting that the effectiveness of a coach ebbs and flows over time is consistent with which interactional theory?
    1. life cycle theory
    2. Fiedler’s contingency model
    3. "Great man" theory
    4. multidimensional theory
13. According to the multidimensional model, athlete satisfaction is determined by the leader's:
    1. All of the above
    2. required behavior
    3. actual behavior
    4. preferred behavior
14. In the multidimensional model, a mandatory press conference would be classified as _____ behavior.
    1. Required
    2. Preferred
    3. Actual
    4. relational
15. In the multidimensional model, a coach's speech to the players would be classified as _____ behavior.
    1. Actual
    2. Preferred
    3. Required
    4. relational
16. In the multidimensional model, the players' ideal coaching style would be classified as _____ behavior.
    1. Preferred
    2. Actual
    3. Relational
    4. required
17. In general, _____ athletes prefer a more autocratic leadership style than _____ athletes.
    1. Male; Female
    2. Female; Male
    3. Young; Old
    4. Old; Young
18. Smoll and Smith’s model of leadership behavior suggests that both ____ and _____ factors influence how players react to the coach's behavior.
    1. cognitive; affective
    2. cognitive; perceptual
    3. relational; transactional
    4. path; goal
19. The Coaching Behavior Assessment System measures both _____ behaviors and _____ behaviors.
    1. reactive; spontaneous
    2. relational; transactional
    3. cognitive; affective
    4. transformational; transactional
20. A coach yells an insult at a player that makes a mistake on the field. This behavior should be classified as _____ and _____.
    1. Reactive; punishment
    2. Reactive; non-reinforcement
    3. spontaneous; game irrelevant
    4. spontaneous; game related
21. A coach gives general praise to the team throughout the game. This behavior should be classified as _____ and _____.
    1. Spontaneous; game related
    2. Reactive; reinforcement
    3. spontaneous; game irrelevant
    4. reactive; punitive
22. The model of coaching efficacy assesses coaches based on their ability to motivate, their in-game strategy, their ability to teach necessary techniques, and:
    1. their ability to build character
    2. their willingness to make sacrifices for the team
    3. their cognitive ability
    4. their transformational style
23. In the model of coaching efficacy, a coach's ability to build team cohesion is an aspect of which dimension?
    1. Motivation
    2. game strategy
    3. character building
    4. technique
24. If a coach is well-liked and her players are well-motivated, trained, and have excellent sportsmanship, which aspect of coaching efficacy may be lacking?
    1. Ability to make critical decisions during competition
    2. Ability to teach specific techniques
    3. Ability to build team cohesion
    4. Ability to instill an attitude of respect for others
25. Examining the coaching style of John Wooden, about 50% of his communication with players was:
    1. specific instruction
    2. general encouragement
    3. verbal compliments
    4. verbal scolding
26. Examining the coaching style of John Wooden, he spent roughly equal time (6%) praising and _____ players.
    1. Scolding
    2. Instructing
    3. urging on
    4. encouraging
27. Information conveyed through posture, gestures, body position, etc is called _____ communication
    1. non-verbal
    2. intuitive
    3. relational
    4. subliminal
28. A coach tells a player she is pleased with her behavior while avoiding eye contact and shaking her head. This mixed message could be labeled a _____ error.
    1. Sender
    2. Receiver
    3. Trust
    4. relational
29. To increase the effectiveness of communication, coaches should:
    1. All of the above
    2. show empathy
    3. be assertive, rather than aggressive
    4. develop trust
30. A player is reluctant to express any opinions about a coach's proposed strategy, because she is afraid of ridicule. What is the best way for the coach to encourage candid feedback?
    1. Develop trust with the players
    2. Increase assertive communication
    3. Focus on staying positive when giving instruction
    4. Cease giving any critical feedback

True/False

1. According to life-cycle approaches to leadership, coaches should adapt their leadership style to the characteristics of the team they are coaching.
2. According to the multidimensional model, the same behavior from a coach might be judged positively in one situation, but negatively in another situation.
3. Research suggests that tennis players with more ability prefer a coach that gives more positive feedback, compared to players with less ability
4. A good match between a coach's style and a player's preferences impacts satisfaction, but it unrelated to performance.
5. In the Coaching Behavior Assessment System, a coach's reactive behaviors may be positive or negative.
6. The benefit of coaching effectiveness training is primarily restricted to professional sports.
7. The model of coaching efficacy boils coaching down to a single, measurable trait.
8. Training the nonverbal behavior of coaches is much harder than training verbal behavior because it is often done unintentionally.
9. Athletes tend to give more positive nonverbal feedback to experienced coaches, compared to inexperienced coaches.
10. Legendary basketball coaches Pat Summitt and John Wooden were notable for their calm, positive attitude throughout their careers.
11. Experienced coaches rely more on specific and verbal instruction than inexperienced coaches.
12. When players feel threatened by a verbal insult from a coaching this is termed a receiver error.
13. If a player misunderstands the coach's message because he doesn't like the coach, a receiver error has occurred.
14. Players are likely to respond defensively when a coach expresses genuine concern about them on a personal level.
15. Coaches should avoid criticism at all costs, in order to create a more positive team environment.

Critical Thinking

1. Contrast the behavioral theory and the trait theory of leadership. Which do you think the evidence supports and why?
2. Does the relative effectiveness of relational vs. task oriented leadership styles change when you go from college sports to professional sports? Give an example to support your decision.
3. Is the model of leadership behavior an interactional model? Give two examples to support your decision.
4. Is it fair for coaches to change their interactions based on players' personalities?
5. Pick one of the "10 Commandments of Effective Sports Communication" and describe both why it is necessary, and why breaking this commandment could disrupt communication.