Unhealthy Behaviors: Drug Abuse And | Exam Questions Ch.13

CHAPTER 13 TEST BANK

Multiple Choice

1. Which drug classification would alcohol and tobacco fall under?
   1. Recreational
   2. Performance enhancing
   3. Stimulant
   4. Beta-blocker
2. Which drug might an athlete choose to take if he was wanted to mimic the effects of testosterone?
   1. Anabolic-androgenic steroid
   2. Creatine
   3. Erythropoietin
   4. Diuretic
3. Which of the following are effects of taking anabolic-androgenic steroids?
   1. Increased muscle mass and increases in male-related traits, such as facial hair and a deeper voice
   2. A decrease in depressive thoughts and an increase in attention span
   3. Increased blood flow to the muscles and decreased levels of anxiety and tension
   4. Increased blood flow to the muscles and decreased blood flow to the brain
4. Lance Armstrong was banned from cycling after admitting to taking a substance that increased the production of red blood cells, and therefore the flow of oxygen to the muscles. Which substance causes this effect?
   1. Erythropoietin (EPO)
   2. Human growth hormone (HGH)
   3. Adderall
   4. Cocaine
5. Human growth hormone (HGH) is designed to cause the same effects as anabolic steroids, but differs in that HGH:
   1. Is not proven to increase muscle mass, endurance, or strength
   2. Works more slowly over a longer period of time
   3. Is far less likely to cause dependence or tolerance
   4. Is expensive and hard to obtain
6. Which of the following stimulants is legal for athletes to use?
   1. Caffeine
   2. Adderall
   3. Methamphetamine
   4. Ritalin
7. An individual with hypertension may take a beta-blocker. Why might an athlete illegally take this same drug?
   1. To slow down heart rate and decrease anxiety and tension, allowing for steadier hands
   2. To stimulate blood flow and increase the amount of oxygen in the muscles
   3. To promote muscle regeneration after work outs
   4. To increase both heart rate and blood pressure, causing an effect similar to that of methamphetamines
8. Why would taking the dietary supplement creatine NOT be useful to long-distance runners?
   1. Creatine aids the muscles in making adenosine triphosphate, which helps the body store and transport energy
   2. Creatine causes seizures and heart palpitations
   3. Creatine is a diuretic, and would cause severe dehydration
   4. Creatine is, in fact, commonly used by long-distance runners
9. What is the benefit of blood doping?
   1. Aerobic performance is improved through the increase of oxygen flow
   2. White blood cell count is increased, thereby decreasing the likelihood of illness
   3. Attention and focused are heightened
   4. All of the above
10. According to data collected by the NCAA on substance use among college athletes, which is the performance-enhancing drug with the highest usage rate?
    1. Amphetamines
    2. Ephedrine
    3. Alcohol
    4. Anabolic steroids
11. Student athletes are more likely to take _____ and less likely to take _____ when compared to non-athletes.
    1. Performance-enhancing drugs; recreational drugs
    2. Recreational drugs; performance-enhancing drugs
    3. Alcohol; steroids
    4. Cocaine; alcohol
12. Many studies have found that although student athletes tend to be less likely to use recreational drugs than non-athletes, they are more likely to use:
    1. Alcohol
    2. Marijuana
    3. Cocaine
    4. Cigarettes
13. What did researchers find when they injected preadolescent hamsters with a "heavy use" level of steroids over a period of 30 days?
    1. The hamsters on steroids behaved much more aggressively toward an "intruder" hamster than those not on steroids
    2. The hamsters on steroids developed enlarged glands and started to lose their fur
    3. The hamsters on steroids lost 12% of their body weight and were severely dehydrated
    4. The hamsters on steroids had elevated heart rates and were much more prone to exhibiting bursts of activity when compared to hamsters not on steroids
14. What is the consequence of building up a tolerance to a drug?
    1. A person needs to increase the amount of the drug in order to achieve the same effects
    2. A person is unable to tolerate other types of drugs
    3. A person is forced to take the drug less and less often, creating an even deeper craving
    4. None of the above
15. What is the most important physical factor predicting the use of drugs?
    1. The desire to improve performance
    2. The need to cope with pain and injuries
    3. The desire to lose or gain weight
    4. The desire to fit in with peers
16. What did researchers find when they tested the effects of taking either sodium bicarbonate or a placebo as well as either being told one was taking a placebo or sodium bicarbonate?
    1. Belief that one has taken a real drug has an effect on performance--those who took a placebo but were told they had taken sodium bicarbonate performed better than those who took the actual sodium bicarbonate but were told they had taken a placebo
    2. Belief that one has taken a real drug does not have an effect on performance--those who received the sodium bicarbonate performed better, regardless of whether or not they had been told that they were taking sodium bicarbonate or a placebo
    3. Belief that one has taken a real drug has an effect on performance, but only if one has actually taken the real drug
    4. The researchers found no significant difference in performance between those who had taken sodium bicarbonate and those who had taken a placebo, regardless of whether or not they had been told they had taken sodium bicarbonate or a placebo.
17. Scoring higher on which of the following personality traits is linked with PED use?
    1. All of the above
    2. Sensation seeking
    3. Perfectionism
    4. Depression
18. What did researchers find when they asked students to characterize "Bill", the steroid-using sprinter, and "Jeff", the Adderall-using test-taker?
    1. Students rated Bill as more of a cheater than Jeff, and student athletes rated Bill even more so than non-athletes
    2. Students rated Jeff as more of a cheater than Bill and student athletes rated Jeff even more so than non-athletes
    3. Students rated Bill as more of a cheater than Jeff, and non-athletes rated Bill even more so than student athletes
    4. Students rated Jeff as more of a cheater than Bill, and non-athletes rated Jeff even more so than student athletes
19. Which of the following is an eating disorder characterized by a drastic reduction in food intake and an intentional loss of weight?
    1. Anorexia nervosa
    2. Bulimia nervosa
    3. Amenorrhea
    4. All of the above
20. An upper-middle class white female is seen commonly cutting her food into tiny pieces, taking a long time to eat meals, and looking in the mirror often. From which of the following is she most likely to be suffering from?
    1. Anorexia nervosa
    2. Addiction to Creatine
    3. Bulimia nervosa
    4. Methamphetamine addiction
21. An athlete appears to be at a normal weight, but is anemic and has some damage to tooth enamel. From which of the following is the athlete most likely to be suffering?
    1. Bulimia nervos
    2. Amenorrhea
    3. Alcohol addiction
    4. Anorexia nervosa
22. Why is the stoppage of menstrual cycles possibly detrimental to an athlete's health?
    1. Menstrual cycles are linked with osteoporosis
    2. Menstrual cycles are linked with hypertension
    3. Menstrual cycles are linked with irregular heart beat
    4. Menstrual cycles are linked with kidney failure
23. What is the relationship between a desire to make progress in your sport and developing an eating disorder?
    1. Athletes who are motivated by a desire to make progress are less likely to develop an eating disorder than those motivated by outperforming others
    2. Athletes who are motivated by a desire to make progress are more likely to develop an eating disorder than those motivated by outperforming others
    3. Athletes who are motivated by a desire to make progress are equally as likely to develop an eating disorder than those motivated by outperforming others
    4. None of the above
24. Which of the following is most likely to positively correlate with rates of eating disorders?
    1. All of the above
    2. Gymnastics
    3. Figure skating
    4. Ballet
25. In Impact on Youth, a correlation between the prevalence of weight concerns among young (5 years old and 7 years old) girls is highest when the girl is involved in which type of sport?
    1. Aesthetic
    2. Non-aesthetic/ball sports
    3. No sport
    4. Contact
26. Which of the following can push an athlete to use dangerous methods of weight control?
    1. All of the above
    2. The athlete's personality
    3. The type of sport in which the athlete is involved
    4. Pressure from coaches to maintain a lean figure
27. The preoccupation with becoming more lean and muscular is referred to as:
    1. Muscle dysphoria
    2. Bulimia nervosa
    3. Amenorrhea
    4. Anorexia nervosa
28. Which of the following is a way to reduce the prevalence of eating disorders?
    1. All of the above
    2. Emphasizing healthy eating habits
    3. Emphasizing fitness and performance, not weight
    4. Changing rules and regulations
29. If a coach suspects that a player on her team is showing signs of an eating disorder, they should first:
    1. talk to the player privately
    2. ask other coaches/players if they have also noticed the problem
    3. stop the player from training immediately
    4. have a team meeting where eating disorders are openly discussed
30. Instead of focusing on weight or how an athlete looks, how can a coach encourage overall fitness?
    1. By using objective performance measurements
    2. By having players follow a restrictive diet
    3. By having players rate themselves on their overall fitness
    4. All of the above

True/False

1. A diuretic used to dilute urine in order to pass a drug test is an example of a masking agent.
2. As the level of sport achievement advances, the risk of doping increases.
3. Although men may experience unappealing physical changes after using PEDs, women do not experience unappealing physical changes.
4. Dependence on a drug occurs only after repeated (10 or more) uses.
5. Dietary supplements, such as Hydroxycut and Raspberry Ketones, are unregulated, and therefore may contain harmful substances.
6. In a study by Bamberger & Yeager (1997), 98% of world-class athletes reported that they would take a banned PED if they were guaranteed that they would not be caught.
7. Athletes who score higher in self-esteem and lower in depression are more likely to use PEDs.
8. Using PEDs to fit in with a group is more common among women than men.
9. Frequent drug testing and severe punishments for drug use are seen by athletes overall as effective
10. Most studies on eating disorders among athletes and non-athletes show athletes at higher risk for developing eating disorders.
11. High levels of anxiety and low levels of self-esteem are positively correlated with eating disorders.
12. Coaches' comments have little to no impact on the prevalence of eating disorders among their athletes
13. Rates of disordered eating are higher among Black and Asian students than White and Latina students.
14. Concerns about body image and weight are common among athletes both with and without eating disorders.
15. Changes to regulations focused on eating disorders have been unsuccessful in eliminating the competitive advantage in being underweight.

Critical Thinking

1. What incentives drive some professional baseball players to take illegal performance enhancing drugs despite the potentially harmful long-term consequences? Can these incentives be changed?
2. Do you think popular opinion about PED use would change if more accurate information about the prevalence of PED use was available? Why or why not?
3. Describe 1 psychological motivation and 1 social motivation that athletes may have for using steroids
4. Why are eating disorders linked closely with certain sports? Can an individual have disordered eating that does not qualify as anorexia or bulimia?
5. Describe 2 ways a coach can create an atmosphere that encourages high performance but not eating disorders.