Research Methods With Children And | Complete Test Bank Ch.3 - Making Sense of Numbers Quant Reasoning Exam Pack by Robert Weis. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 3: Research Methods With Children and Families
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. ______ are statements, beliefs, and practices that people claim to be evidence-based but are incompatible with the principles of scientific thinking.
A. Pseudoscience
B. Confirmatory bias
C. Science
D. Falsifiability
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Science: A Way to Reduce Bias
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. ______ is a form of selective thinking in which our perceptions are influenced by our beliefs, thoughts, and expectations.
A. Pseudoscience
B. Confirmatory bias
C. Science
D. Falsifiability
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Science: A Way to Reduce Bias
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. ______ is a form of wishful thinking in which our perceptions are influenced by our desires, motives, and emotions.
A. Pseudoscience
B. Confirmatory bias
C. Affective bias
D. Falsifiability
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Science: A Way to Reduce Bias
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. ______ is a set of principles and procedures that are used to guard against biases.
A. Science
B. Pseudoscience
C. Bias
D. Falsifiability
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Science: A Way to Reduce Bias
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Falsifiability is ______.
A. the capacity for an idea to be wrong
B. the capacity for an idea to be correct
C. a guide to scientific thinking
D. a form of bias
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Principle 1: Falsifiability
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Therapeutic touch is based on the belief that humans have an energy field that extends beyond the surface of our body and has been used to treat children with physical illnesses or injuries. This is an example of what scientific principle?
A. critical thinking
B. lack of critical thinking
C. falsifiability
D. parsimony
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Principle 2: Critical Thinking
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. The principle of ______ is sometimes referred to as Occam’s razor.
A. falsifiability
B. critical thinking
C. parsimony
D. science
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Principle 3: Parsimony
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Which class is frequently prescribed medication for children with ADHD?
A. psychostimulants
B. anxiolytics
C. antidepressants
D. antipsychotics
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Pretest-Posttest Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Which of the following statements would be consistent with the principle of parsimony?
A. Simpler explanations should be selected over more complex explanations.
B. More complex explanations should be selected over simpler explanations.
C. Science should be selected over pseudoscience.
D. Pseudoscience should be selected over science.
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Principle 3: Parsimony
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. What is the evidence of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) to treat trauma?
A. It is an evidence-based treatment.
B. It has been found to be efficacious but not effective.
C. There is some evidence that it reduces symptoms but scientists do not agree how it works.
D. It is ineffective and can exacerbate trauma symptoms.
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Principle 3: Parsimony
Difficulty Level: Hard
11. What principle describes the careful way scientists collect data and draw conclusions?
A. precision
B. accuracy
C. validity
D. reliability
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Principle 4: Precision
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. Thom beliefs that his favorite sports team will only win when he wears their jersey, therefore he wears it every time his team plays. This is an example of ______.
A. precision
B. pseudoscience
C. illusory correlation
D. Occam’s razor
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Principle 4: Precision
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. The prevalence of autism has ______.
A. decreased in recent years
B. increased in recent years
C. increased for girls, but decreased for boys
D. increased for boys, but decreased for girls
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Principle 4: Precision
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. What is the current prevalence rate of autism?
A. 1 in 28
B. 1 in 59
C. 1 in 150
D. 1 in 210
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Principle 4: Precision
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. What is the relationship between autism and the MMR vaccine?
A. The MMR vaccine causes autism for girls.
B. The MMR vaccine causes autism for boys.
C. The MMR vaccine has no relationship to autism.
D. The MMR vaccine and autism have been studied.
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Principle 4: Precision
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. ______ is the scientific principle that the results of research studies must be replicated before they are accepted.
A. Reproducibility
B. Falsifiability
C. Parsimony
D. Double-blind
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Principle 5: Reproducibility
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. What is a reason that the Center for Open Science was created?
A. to discourage more replication research
B. to encourage more replication research
C. to improve efficiency of research study publication
D. to reduce bias in research reporting
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Principle 5: Reproducibility
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. How many scientific principles were described in the chapter?
A. 3
B. 5
C. 10
D. 13
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Science: A Way to Reduce Bias
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. Nosek and the team of 270 researchers who performed direct replications of 100 studies in the fields of cognitive and social psychology were able to replicate how many of the studies?
A. 15%
B. 36%
C. 59%
D. 97%
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Principle 5: Reproducibility
Difficulty Level: Hard
20. What is the scientific method?
A. procedures to gather, evaluate, and organize information about the natural world
B. an integrated set of ideas that explain and predict broad aspects of human behavior or development
C. a specific, falsifiable prediction about the relationship between variables
D. It specifies how each variable in a study will be measured.
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: What Is the Scientific Method?
Difficulty Level: Medium
21. What is a psychological theory?
A. procedures to gather, evaluate, and organize information about the natural world
B. an integrated set of ideas that explain and predict broad aspects of human behavior or development
C. a specific, falsifiable prediction about the relationship between variables
D. It specifies how each variable in a study will be measured.
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: What Is the Scientific Method?
Difficulty Level: Medium
22. What is a hypothesis?
A. procedures to gather, evaluate, and organize information about the natural world
B. an integrated set of ideas that explain and predict broad aspects of human behavior or development
C. a specific, falsifiable prediction about the relationship between variables
D. It specifies how each variable in a study will be measured.
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: What Is the Scientific Method?
Difficulty Level: Medium
23. What is an operational definition?
A. procedures to gather, evaluate, and organize information about the natural world
B. an integrated set of ideas that explain and predict broad aspects of human behavior or development
C. a specific, falsifiable prediction about the relationship between variables
D. It specifies how each variable in a study will be measured.
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: What Is the Scientific Method?
Difficulty Level: Medium
24. Observing children in class, asking parents to complete rating scales about children’s behavior or emotional functioning, and administering a test to assess a child’s cognitive skills are examples of ______.
A. empirical data
B. an operational definition
C. personal beliefs
D. hypotheses
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: What Is the Scientific Method?
Difficulty Level: Easy
25. What are the broad goals of psychological research?
A. case studies, surveys, neuroimaging, and correlational research
B. description, prediction, explanation, and replication
C. proving theories correct and disseminating data
D. testing theories and replicating findings
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Research Goals and Methods
Difficulty Level: Medium
26. Which of the following is a limitation to case studies?
A. Large samples are needed to complete a case study.
B. They are overly published.
C. They are considered too objective.
D. They may not generalize to a wider population.
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Case Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
27. Surveys focus on ______ assessment, whereas case studies focus on ______assessment.
A. quantitative; qualitative
B. qualitative; quantitative
C. nomothetic; idiographic
D. idiographic; nomothetic
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Surveys
Difficulty Level: Hard
28. Why is random selection preferable in research studies?
A. Participants are selected in a way that is most convenient to the researchers.
B. Participants are selected so that each person in a population has an equal chance of being included.
C. Participants are offered incentives to participate, so they are more likely to participate.
D. Participants self-select to be in the study, so the retention is low.
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Surveys
Difficulty Level: Medium
29. What is an advantage of conducting an MRI over a CT?
A. It does not subject individuals to radiation.
B. It has almost a 100% accuracy rate.
C. It is less expensive.
D. It is more widely available.
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Neuroimaging
Difficulty Level: Medium
30. If a child shows abnormalities in the connections between brain regions, what technique could scientists use to measure diffusion of water molecules in brain tissue?
A. CT
B. fMRI
C. MRI
D. DTI
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Neuroimaging
Difficulty Level: Hard
31. According to the textbook, which of the following is the most commonly used statistic?
A. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient
B. mediator
C. moderator
D. cross-sectional
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Correlational Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
32. To conduct a meta-analysis, ______.
A. there must be more than one study that has examined the effects of a given treatment
B. if at least one study included in the meta-analysis used a control group, other studies without control groups can be considered as well
C. a negative effect size indicates a reduction in symptoms among the treatment group
D. any effect size over 0.25 is considered large
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Meta-Analysis
Difficulty Level: Hard
33. In a ______ study, researchers measure variables over time, whereas in a ______ variables are examined at the same point in time.
A. longitudinal; cross-sectional
B. cross-sectional; longitudinal
C. moderator; mediator
D. qualitative; quantitative
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Studies
Difficulty Level: Medium
34. In research studies, moderator variables tend to be what type of variables?
A. categorical
B. continuous
C. ordinal
D. numerical
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Mediators and Moderators
Difficulty Level: Medium
35. What is the main problem with using a no-treatment control group in a research study?
A. It is expensive to run a no-treatment control group.
B. It takes a lot of time to run a no-treatment control group.
C. It could be considered unethical.
D. It is illegal.
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Types of Control Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
36. In a research study, Sam reported to be feeling better after receiving treatment. This tendency to improve simply because they expect the treatment to work is called ______.
A. desirability bias
B. Occam’s razor
C. the treatment effect
D. the placebo effect
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Types of Control Groups
Difficulty Level: Medium
37. The two most important ethical principles that guide all helping professions are?
A. consent and assent
B. beneficence and nonmaleficence
C. confidentiality and privacy
D. truthfulness and avoidance of deception
Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the importance of ethics when conducting research with children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Weighing Benefits vs. Risks
Difficulty Level: Medium
38. Which of the following research study designs reduces the most bias in experiments?
A. single-blind study
B. double-blind study
C. placebo study
D. case study
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Types of Control Groups
Difficulty Level: Easy
39. Effect sizes of ______ are considered small.
A. .2 or less
B. .5 or less
C. .8 or greater
D. 1.0 or less
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Meta-Analysis
Difficulty Level: Easy
40. Effect sizes of ______ are considered medium.
A. .2
B. .5
C. .8 or greater
D. 1.0
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Meta-Analysis
Difficulty Level: Easy
41. Effect sizes of ______ are considered large.
A. .2 or less
B. .5 or greater
C. .8 or greater
D. 1.0 or greater
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Meta-Analysis
Difficulty Level: Easy
42. ______ involves balancing the benefits of one’s actions against the risks or costs involved, whereas ______ means avoiding harm.
A. Justice; equity
B. Equity; justice
C. Nonmaleficence; beneficence
D. Beneficence; nonmaleficence
Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the importance of ethics when conducting research with children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Weighing Benefits vs. Risks
Difficulty Level: Medium
43. Which of the following is NOT one of the APA Ethical Principles?
A. cultural sensitivity
B. integrity
C. justice
D. fidelity and responsibility
Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the importance of ethics when conducting research with children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Weighing Benefits vs. Risks
Difficulty Level: Medium
44. Which of the following is true of confidentiality for children in psychotherapy, with respect to their parents?
A. Children hold the right to confidentiality from their parents.
B. Parents have a legal right to know what children disclose in therapy, with very few exceptions.
C. Parents and children must agree on what will remain confidential before the start of the therapy.
D. Clinicians must have both children and their parents in the room together during therapy; in this way, there is no true confidentiality.
Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the importance of ethics when conducting research with children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Respecting Confidentiality
Difficulty Level: Medium
45. Deception in research is ______.
A. allowed
B. allowed under limited conditions
C. never allowed
D. allowed with adults but not children
Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the importance of ethics when conducting research with children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Avoiding Deception
Difficulty Level: Medium
46. Which of the following is one of the 4 Cs of ethics when working with children and families?
A. cooperation
B. consent
C. care
D. communication
Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the importance of ethics when conducting research with children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Weighing Benefits vs. Risks
Difficulty Level: Medium
47. Dr. Gupta is treating a 10-year-old with an anxiety problem. The specifics of the case are challenging for Dr. Gupta to address, so he wants to consult with Dr. Suresh for a recommendation about how to proceed. Which of the following is true?
A. Dr. Gupta cannot consult with Dr. Suresh because doing so would break confidentiality.
B. Dr. Gupta can consult with Dr. Suresh, but only if he receives specific consent from the 10-year-old’s parents and assent from the 10-year-old.
C. Dr. Gupta can consult with Dr. Suresh but must be careful to only provide information that is absolutely necessary.
D. The APA Ethical Principles allow for Dr. Gupta to provide full information to Dr. Suresh, including the client’s name and other identifying information.
Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the importance of ethics when conducting research with children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Respecting Confidentiality
Difficulty Level: Hard
48. Which of the following is true regarding consent for treatment among minors?
A. Children provide consent because they would be considered the client in therapy.
B. Most often, children and adolescents refuse assent.
C. For minors, parents may provide consent and that is sufficient to begin treatment.
D. Children and adolescents must minimally provide consent before treatment can begin.
Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the importance of ethics when conducting research with children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Gaining Parental Consent and Child Assent
Difficulty Level: Hard
49. Under what circumstances is obtaining parental consent NOT necessary to provide psychological treatment to a minor?
A. if the minor requests that the parents not be contacted
B. if the minor is sufficiently intellectually advanced to fully appreciate the risks and benefits of treatment
C. if the minor is in a state of crisis, for instance, on the brink of attempting suicide
D. if the parent refuses to provide consent
Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the importance of ethics when conducting research with children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Gaining Parental Consent and Child Assent
Difficulty Level: Medium
50. Which of the following is true of confidentiality?
A. It allows clients to disclose more freely.
B. It is absolute; information disclosed in therapy can never be disclosed to anyone else.
C. Therapists are never required to break confidentiality.
D. Courts cannot mandate that clinicians break confidentiality.
Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the importance of ethics when conducting research with children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Respecting Confidentiality
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
1. Falsifiability is the most important principle of scientific thinking.
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Principle 1: Falsifiability
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. The field of psychology devotes too much time and effort to reproducibility in research.
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Principle 5: Reproducibility
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. In research, children and adolescents can provide consent for their participation.
Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the importance of ethics when conducting research with children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Gaining Parental Consent and Child Assent
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Maturation, repeated testing, and environmental factors are examples of threats to internal validity.
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Pretest-Posttest Studies
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. In a quasi-experimental study, researchers manipulate an independent variable and measure changes in the dependent variable.
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: What Are Quasi-Experimental Studies?
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Consent only occurs at the beginning of psychological services.
Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the importance of ethics when conducting research with children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Gaining Parental Consent and Child Assent
Difficulty Level: Hard
7. Therapists are more likely to break confidentiality as the risk of harm increases.
Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the importance of ethics when conducting research with children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Respecting Confidentiality
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Quasi-experimental studies combine the results of multiple research studies into an overall, numerical result.
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Meta-Analysis
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. The right to confidentiality is absolute.
Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the importance of ethics when conducting research with children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Respecting Confidentiality
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. When a participant is deceived in research, they are not to be debriefed as it would invalidate the data that were collected.
Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the importance of ethics when conducting research with children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Avoiding Deception | Debriefing
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
1. Why is it important to weight effect sizes by the number of participants in each study?
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Meta-Analysis
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. What is the difference between pseudoscience and science?
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Science: A Way to Reduce Bias
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. List the five principles that guide scientific thinking.
Learning Objective: 3.1: Use five principles of scientific thinking to differentiate scientific research from pseudoscience.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Science: A Way to Reduce Bias
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. H. M. was a famous subject who contributed a great deal to what we know about memory today. Due to a lesion in his medial temporal lobe, he had profound anterograde amnesia--he could not make new memories. When seeing people he had met thousands of times before, it was, to him, like meeting them for the first time. Given this information and what you know about the requirements for consent, was H. M. able to provide consent for the many psychological experiments he participated in over the years?
Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the importance of ethics when conducting research with children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Gaining Parental Consent and Child Assent
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using case studies in research?
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Case Studies
Difficulty Level: Hard
6. Why do neuroimaging results often yield inconsistent results in children?
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Neuroimaging
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. What do correlational studies explore? Describe the correlation coefficient.
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Correlational Research
Difficulty Level: Hard
8. What is the difference between a mediator and a moderator? Provide an example of each.
Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify and describe the four goals of scientific research with children and adolescents: description, prediction, explanation, and replication. | 3.3: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of various research designs commonly used with children, such as correlational, experimental, and quasi-experimental studies.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Mediators and Moderators
Difficulty Level: Hard
9. What information needs to be included in a research informed consent form so that a participant can make an informed decision regarding participation in a study?
Learning Objective: 3.4: Explain the importance of ethics when conducting research with children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Gaining Parental Consent and Child Assent
Difficulty Level: Medium
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