The Science And Practice Of Abnormal – Exam Questions | Ch1 - Making Sense of Numbers Quant Reasoning Exam Pack by Robert Weis. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 1: The Science and Practice of Abnormal Child Psychology
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Epidemiologists often report the prevalence of a medical or psychological disorder. What is “prevalence?”
A. the number of people in a population with a given disorder
B. the percentage of people in a population with a given disorder
C. the number of new cases of a disorder in a population
D. the percentage of new cases of a disorder in a population
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: How Common Are Mental Disorders in Children?
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Which of the following is NOT an essential component of the DSM-5 definition of a mental disorder?
A. a pattern of behavior that occurs within an individual
B. a behavior that reflects an underlying dysfunction
C. The consequences of the behavior cause distress or disability.
D. The disturbance is long-lasting.
Learning Objective: 1.2: Explain how mental health professionals diagnose youths using DSM-5.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: How Does DSM-5 Define Abnormality?
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. How do developmental psychopathologists characterize abnormal behavior?
A. behavior that interferes with children’s competence and does not meet the demands of the environment
B. behavior that leads to psychological distress, impairment, and risk of harm to self or others
C. behavior that leads to psychological distress, impairment, or risk of harm to self or others
D. behavior that is statistically different than the behavior of the typical child
Learning Objective: 1.1: Critically evaluate the concept of a mental disorder as it applies to children and adolescents.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: What Do We Mean by “Abnormal?”
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. What type of treatment do psychologists provide?
A. psychotherapy
B. psychotherapy and nonmedical intervention
C. medical and nonmedical intervention
D. hypnosis
Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the characteristics of evidence-based practice and the types of professionals who help children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: What Professionals Help Children and Families?
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Wakefield’s (1992) concept of “harmful dysfunction” ______.
A. provides criteria for differentiating normal from abnormal behavior
B. requires all mental disorders to have an underlying biological cause
C. asserts that genetic and biological factors play a greater role in psychopathology than social-cultural factors
D. assumes that a biological or medical cause of a person’s psychopathology has been ruled out before a psychiatric diagnosis is assigned
Learning Objective: 1.2: Explain how mental health professionals diagnose youths using DSM-5.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: What Do We Mean by “Abnormal?”
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Which of the following is true of students providing services to children in need?
A. If students have been trained to provide evidence-based treatment, the treatment will be effective.
B. Students should not question the evidence for the intervention or the ethics behind the intervention.
C. Once students have been trained to provide an intervention, it is safe and ethical for them to do so without supervision.
D. It is recommended that students ask themselves whether there are alternative services that might provide greater benefits to the clients than the ones being provided.
Learning objective: 1.4: Describe the characteristics of evidence-based practice and the types of professionals who help children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Students as Evidence-Based Helpers
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Which of the following statements about prevalence is true?
A. Point prevalence can never be less than lifetime prevalence for a given disorder.
B. Point prevalence can never be more than lifetime prevalence for a given disorder.
C. Only lifetime prevalence measures the percentage of people with a disorder at each age.
D. Only point prevalence measures the severity of people’s disorders.
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Prevalence and Incidence
Difficulty Level: Hard
8. Which of the following is a challenge mentioned in your text when determining prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents?
A. There is no single agency that tracks the prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents.
B. There is no standard definition of what constitutes mental disorder.
C. Epidemiological studies use similar methods to collect data.
D. Some people want to participate in multiple prevalence surveys.
Learning Objective: 1.2: Explain how mental health professionals diagnose youths using DSM-5. | 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension.
Answer Location: Prevalence and Incidence
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. How has the overall prevalence of mental health disorders among children changed over the past several decades?
A. It has increased.
B. It has decreased.
C. It has remained unchanged.
D. It increased initially and then decreased to former levels.
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Prevalence and Incidence
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Which of the following is true of comorbidity?
A. It is rare.
B. It refers to the experience of having one disorder, recovering, and then having a different disorder.
C. It is especially common in individuals with depression.
D. It is much more common in children than in adolescence.
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Comorbidity and Costs
Difficulty Level: Hard
11. Medication used to treat a psychological disorder is called ______.
A. psychotropic
B. behavioral
C. neurotropic
D. hallucinogenic
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Use of Medication
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. Which of the following best describes the relationship between psychotropic medication and age?
A. Adolescents are more likely to receive psychotropic medication, even though they are less likely than young children to experience psychological disorders.
B. Children are more likely to receive psychotropic medication, typically because their psychological disorders tend to be more severe than adolescents’.
C. Adolescents are more likely to receive psychotropic medication because they are more likely to experience psychological disorders, and the severity of these disorders tends to be greater than the severity of children’s disorders.
D. There are no major differences in the rates of psychotropic medication prescriptions between children and adults.
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Use of Medication
Difficulty Level: Hard
13. What is the difference between evidence-based practice and evidence-based treatments?
A. In evidence-based treatment, clinicians must tailor interventions to meet needs of children and families.
B. In evidence-based practice, clinicians must tailor interventions to meet needs of children and families.
C. In evidence-based treatment, clinicians use a manual to guide treatment.
D. In evidence-based practice, clinicians incorporate the client’s culture into the treatment.
Learning objective: 1.4: Describe the characteristics of evidence-based practice and the types of professionals who help children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: What Is Evidence-Based Practice?
Difficulty Level: Hard
14. In the past 20 years, the percentage of youth receiving medication to treat their psychological problems has ______; the percentage of youth receiving therapy to treat their psychological problems has ______.
A. increased; stayed the same
B. increased; decreased
C. increased; increased
D. stayed the same; increased
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Use of Medication
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. What sociodemographic factors are considered important for understanding psychological disorders, according to your text?
A. age and gender
B. age and gender
C. age, gender, and socioeconomic status
D. gender and socioeconomic status
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: What Factors Influence the Prevalence of Childhood Disorders?
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. Which of the following best describes the relative rates of mental disorders in children and adolescents of different sexes?
A. Boys are more likely than girls to experience mental disorders in childhood, but boys and girls are equally likely to experience mental disorders in adolescence.
B. Boys are more likely than girls to experience mental disorders in childhood, but girls are more likely to experience mental disorders in adolescence.
C. Boys and girls have equal rates of mental disorders in childhood and in adolescence.
D. Boys and girls have equal rates of mental disorders in childhood, with boys experiencing more mental disorders in adolescence.
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Gender
Difficulty Level: Hard
17. Your text describes a study (Hamilton, Strange, et al., 2015) about stressful events that involved important people or relationships in children’s and adolescents’ lives. The results of this study imply that ______.
A. depression was related to the number of interpersonally dependent stressors the participants experienced
B. depression was related to the timing of the interpersonally dependent stressors, with those occurring earlier in childhood having a greater impact
C. depression was related to a feeling of personal responsibility over the stressors
D. boys were more likely to ruminate over interpersonally dependent stressors
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity. | 1.1: Critically evaluate the concept of a mental disorder as it applies to children and adolescents.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Gender
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. Which of the following is represented in socioeconomic status (SES)?
A. parents’ reputation in the community and parents’ level of education
B. parents’ level of education and community the family resides in
C. parents’ level of education and parents’ employment
D. parents’ level of education, parents’ employment, and family income
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Socioeconomic Status
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. Your textbook reports findings from a recent study (Frick, 2013) that found an association between single-parent families and increased mental health problems. Which of the following can we conclude from this study?
A. Those with low SES will go on, more often than not, to develop mental disorders.
B. Low SES causes mental disorders.
C. Mental disorders makes it more likely for a second parent to leave the home.
D. There is a relationship between single-parent households and increased rates of mental disorder, but the cause cannot be determined from this study.
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Socioeconomic Status
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. Which of the following best describes prevalence rates of mental disorders?
A. Autism spectrum disorder has roughly the same prevalence across all ethnic groups in the United States.
B. All childhood psychological disorders so far studied are more prevalent among African American and Latino children compared to White children.
C. The prevalence of some disorders, such as anxiety disorders, is higher among White children than among non-White children.
D. The prevalence of conduct problems is highest among Latino children, compared to those of other ethnic groups.
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Race and Ethnicity
Difficulty Level: Hard
21. What is the appropriate role of anecdotes (personal, individual stories of experiences) in clinical practice?
A. Anecdotes alone can safely and ethically guide clinical practice.
B. Anecdotes may contribute to clinical judgment and can be useful when combined with empirical evidence.
C. Anecdotes should not be drawn upon at all in clinical practice, either in discussions with clients or in planning treatment.
D. Anecdotes are safe to consider as models in certain cases, without additional empirical evidence, but only when the anecdote is very similar to the case at hand.
Learning objective: 1.4: Describe the characteristics of evidence-based practice and the types of professionals who help children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer location: The Importance of Science
Difficulty Level: Medium
22. Approximately what percentage of children and adolescents diagnosed with mental disorders receive treatment?
A. 20%
B. 50%
C. 75%
D. 100%
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Access to Treatment
Difficulty Level: Easy
23. Compared to children and adolescents with other disorders, those with anxiety and mood disorders ______.
A. were most likely to receive treatment
B. were most likely to be treated by a pediatrician rather than a mental health professional
C. were most likely to receive psychotropic medication
D. were most likely to be from low-SES backgrounds
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Access to Treatment
Difficulty Level: Medium
24. Which of the following is a common barrier to treatment for psychological disorders of childhood?
A. Families are unable to pay for evidence-based treatments.
B. Evidence-based treatment is not accepted in the United States.
C. Children are embarrassed and refuse to access treatment.
D. No evidence-based treatments have been identified for most childhood psychological disorders.
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Barriers to Treatment
Difficulty Level: Medium
25. Which of the following is consistent with the statistical deviancy approach to defining abnormality?
A. Roughly 2% of the population has an IQ below 70; those with an IQ under 70 might, therefore, be considered abnormal.
B. Those who act out against the rules of society and are thus considered deviant would meet the definition of abnormality.
C. Those who are severely impaired by their inability to make and maintain meaningful social relationships would be considered abnormal.
D. If 50% of the population had suicidal thoughts, this 50% would be considered abnormal.
Learning Objective: 1.1: Critically evaluate the concept of a mental disorder as it applies to children and adolescents. | 1.2: Explain how mental health professionals diagnose youths using DSM-5.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: What Do We Mean by “Abnormal?”
Difficulty Level: Medium
26. The belief that the degree of disability best defines abnormality is most consistent with which approach?
A. statistical deviancy
B. impairment
C. psychological distress
D. cultural deviancy
Learning Objective: 1.1: Critically evaluate the concept of a mental disorder as it applies to children and adolescents. | 1.2: Explain how mental health professionals diagnose youths using DSM-5.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: What Do We Mean by “Abnormal?”
Difficulty Level: Easy
27. Which of the following approaches to defining abnormality is INCORRECTLY paired with one of that approach’s serious drawbacks?
A. Statistical deviancy fails to account for the fact that something can be rare but not harmful.
B. Impairment fails to account for the fact that some mental illnesses are not associated with impairment in functioning.
C. Psychological distress fails to account for the subjectivity of quantifying distress.
D. Cultural deviancy fails to account for how the norms of cultures vary.
Learning Objective: 1.1: Critically evaluate the concept of a mental disorder as it applies to children and adolescents. | 1.2: Explain how mental health professionals diagnose youths using DSM-5.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: What Do We Mean by “Abnormal?”
Difficulty Level: Hard
28. Which is the best definition of beneficence?
A. generosity
B. helping and promoting others’ welfare
C. sharing results of a study
D. confidentiality
Learning Objective: 1.5: Identify and apply four ethical principles that are important when helping children and families.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The APA Ethics Code
Difficulty Level: Medium
29. Which of the following is true of evidence-based practice?
A. It relies on empirically validated methods, not on clinical judgment.
B. It can only be implemented if individuals with sociocultural backgrounds similar to that of the client have been investigated empirically.
C. It entails following well-established treatments rigidly to ensure validity.
D. It is important for providing ethical care to children and families.
Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the characteristics of evidence-based practice and the types of professionals who help children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Importance of Science
Difficulty Level: Medium
30. According to APA, ______ are specific rules that guide professional practice and research.
A. ethical standards
B. ethical principles
C. competence principles
D. fidelity principles
Learning Objective: 1.5: Identify and apply four ethical principles that are important when helping children and families.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The APA Ethics Code
Difficulty Level: Medium
31. Which of the following is a way in which ethnicity and culture affect and interact with the diagnostic process?
A. Different cultural values affect the behaviors that are considered problematic.
B. Having a clinician who is of the same ethnicity as the client is vital to the diagnostic process.
C. Ethnic minorities are often overrepresented in mental health research.
D. Ethnicity and culture have not been found to interact with the diagnostic process.
Learning Objective: 1.1: Critically evaluate the concept of a mental disorder as it applies to children and adolescents. | 1.2: Explain how mental health professionals diagnose youths using DSM-5.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Culture, Race, and Ethnicity
Difficulty Level: Medium
32. Who assesses, diagnoses, and treats children with behavioral, cognitive, and social-emotional problems that interfere with their functioning at school?
A. psychologists
B. social workers
C. school psychiatrists
D. school psychologists
Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the characteristics of evidence-based practice and the types of professionals who help children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Helping Professions
Difficulty Level: Medium
33. NIMH launched an initiative to identify the genetic and biological causes of each disorder. What is this initiative called?
A. Research Domain Criteria initiative
B. Genetic initiative
C. Revised DSM-5 initiative
D. Psychological Understanding initiative
Learning Objective: 1.1: Critically evaluate the concept of a mental disorder as it applies to children and adolescents. | 1.2: Explain how mental health professionals diagnose youths using DSM-5.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Research Domain Criteria
Difficulty Level: Hard
34. Features of abnormality include ______.
A. statistical deviation
B. statistical deviation and distress
C. statistical deviation, distress, and impairment
D. maladaptive and adaptive functioning
Learning Objective: 1.1: Critically evaluate the concept of a mental disorder as it applies to children and adolescents.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: What Do We Mean by “Abnormal?”
Difficulty Level: Easy
35. ______ refers to the values, knowledge, and practices that people derive from their membership in social groups.
A. Race
B. Socioeconomic status
C. Ethnicity
D. Culture
Learning Objective: 1.1: Critically evaluate the concept of a mental disorder as it applies to children and adolescents. | 1.2: Explain how mental health professionals diagnose youths using DSM-5.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Culture, Race, and Ethnicity
Difficulty Level: Easy
36. Your textbook describes behavior parent training as a well-established treatment for children with ADHD. This means it has ______.
A. at least one study showing treatment is helpful, but with methodological limitations
B. at least two large, randomized controlled studies, conducted by independent researchers, showing treatment is better than placebo or an existing treatment
C. at least two large, randomized controlled studies showing treatment is better than placebo or an existing treatment
D. at least one well-designed study showing treatment is better than no treatment or several studies with methodological limitations
Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the characteristics of evidence-based practice and the types of professionals who help children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Importance of Science
Difficulty Level: Medium
37. When a child or adolescent is a client, who provides consent for services?
A. the child or adolescent
B. the child or adolescent’s parent/guardian
C. the child or adolescent’s pediatrician
D. the mental health clinician who is providing services
Learning Objective: 1.5: Identify and apply four ethical principles that are important when helping children and families.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The APA Ethics Code
Difficulty Level: Medium
38. What refers to the expectation that information that clients provide during the course of assessment or treatment will not be disclosed to others?
A. fidelity
B. secrecy
C. privacy
D. confidentiality
Learning Objective: 1.5: Identify and apply four ethical principles that are important when helping children and families.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The APA Ethics Code
Difficulty Level: Medium
39. ______ is a culturally constructed identity that is used to define groups of people and communities.
A. Race
B. Ethnicity
C. Culture
D. Multiculturalism
Learning Objective: 1.1: Critically evaluate the concept of a mental disorder as it applies to children and adolescents. | 1.2: Explain how mental health professionals diagnose youths using DSM-5.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Culture, Race, and Ethnicity
Difficulty Level: Easy
40. Nonmaleficence can best be described by the saying ______.
A. “First, do no harm”
B. “There’s a bad apple in every bin”
C. “Always see the silver lining”
D. “If at first you don’t succeed, try, try again”
Learning Objective: 1.5: Identify and apply four ethical principles that are important when helping children and families.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The APA Ethics Code
Difficulty Level: Medium
41. When are limits of confidentiality shared with the client?
A. before treatment begins
B. during the first session
C. during the last session
D. never
Learning Objective: 1.5: Identify and apply four ethical principles that are important when helping children and families.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The APA Ethics Code
Difficulty Level: Medium
42. Robbie likes to talk about trains, in all situations: whether at home, at school, at church; whether with others or by himself, Robbie likes to talk about trains. Doing so makes him happy. This tendency might best be described as ______.
A. cultural deviancy
B. behavioral rigidity
C. statistical anomaly
D. psychological distress
Learning objective: 1.1: Critically evaluate the concept of a mental disorder as it applies to children and adolescents.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: How Do Psychologists Diagnose Mental Health Problems in Children?
Difficulty Level: Easy
43. The APA Ethics Code’s broad ethical principles are ______.
A. rules psychologists abide by
B. consistent with state laws regarding mental health treatment
C. aspirational goals
D. consistent with federal laws regarding mental health treatment
Learning Objective: 1.5: Identify and apply four ethical principles that are important when helping children and families.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The APA Ethics Code
Difficulty Level: Medium
44. What is prognosis?
A. the likely outcome of a disorder
B. the likely cause of a disorder
C. the likely comorbidity of a disorder
D. the likely treatment of a disorder
Learning Objective: 1.2: Explain how mental health professionals diagnose youths using DSM-5.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Possible Benefits
Difficulty Level: Medium
45. What professionals treat mental health problems in children, adolescents, adults, and families and typically hold a master’s degree?
A. school psychologists
B. psychiatric mental health nurses
C. licensed professional counselors
D. social workers
Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the characteristics of evidence-based practice and the types of professionals who help children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Helping Professions
Difficulty Level: Medium
46. What professional treats children and adolescents with medical illness and can prescribe psychotropic medications?
A. psychologists
B. pediatricians
C. psychiatrists
D. psychiatric mental health nurses
Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the characteristics of evidence-based practice and the types of professionals who help children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Helping Professions
Difficulty Level: Medium
47. What helping professionals are trained in couples and family systems therapy?
A. marriage and family therapists
B. family dynamic therapists
C. school psychologists
D. family psychiatrists
Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the characteristics of evidence-based practice and the types of professionals who help children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Helping Professions
Difficulty Level: Medium
48. The APA Ethics Code describes how many general ethical principles?
A. 2
B. 5
C. 8
D. 12
Learning Objective: 1.5: Identify and apply four ethical principles that are important when helping children and families.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The APA Ethics Code
Difficulty Level: Hard
49. The integration of the best available research with clinician’s expertise in the context of patient characteristics, culture, and preferences is known as ______.
A. holistic therapy
B. humanistic therapy
C. evidence-based practice
D. clinical judgment
Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the characteristics of evidence-based practice and the types of professionals who help children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Importance of Science
Difficulty Level: Easy
50. Evidence-based practice begins with ______.
A. scientific research--What methods of assessment and forms of treatment work best for a child with this disorder, according to the research literature?
B. clinical expertise--What is the best way for me to assess and treat this child according to my own professional judgment and experience?
C. historical perspective--What were past approaches to treating this problem and how do they apply to this case?
D. patient characteristics--In what ways do the child’s age, gender, or sociocultural background or the family’s beliefs and preferences about therapy affect the treatment provided?
Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the characteristics of evidence-based practice and the types of professionals who help children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: The Importance of Science
Difficulty Level: Hard
True/False
1. Point prevalence is the percentage of individuals with a disorder at a certain point in time, while lifetime prevalence refers to all individuals with the disorder at any point in their life.
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Prevalence and Incidence
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Incidence rates cannot exceed prevalence rates for a given disorder.
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Prevalence and Incidence
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. Abnormality depends upon age, environmental context, and culture.
Learning Objective: 1.1: Critically evaluate the concept of a mental disorder as it applies to children and adolescents. | 1.2: Explain how mental health professionals diagnose youths using DSM-5.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: What Do We Mean by “Abnormal?”
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Ineffective interventions can harm clients and their families by undermining their trust in the therapeutic process.
Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the characteristics of evidence-based practice and the types of professionals who help children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Importance of Science
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. If there have been 100 new cases of post-traumatic stress disorder in children in a given town this year, that number would be the point prevalence rate.
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Prevalence and Incidence
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Based on the best available data, 20% of youth in the United States currently suffer from a mental or behavioral disorder.
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Prevalence and Incidence
Difficulty Level: Hard
7. One of the strengths of defining abnormality based on degree of impairment is that it takes into account the distress of those around the individual.
Learning Objective: 1.1: Critically evaluate the concept of a mental disorder as it applies to children and adolescents. | 1.2: Explain how mental health professionals diagnose youths using DSM-5.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: What Do We Mean by “Abnormal?”
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. The DSM-5 definition of mental disorder highlights how disorders are dependent on the relationships between people and do not merely exist within the diagnosed individual.
Learning Objective: 1.1: Critically evaluate the concept of a mental disorder as it applies to children and adolescents. | 1.2: Explain how mental health professionals diagnose youths using DSM-5.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: How Does DSM-5 Define Abnormality?
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
1. Explain Wakefield’s (1992) concept of “harmful dysfunction.”
Learning Objective: 1.1: Critically evaluate the concept of a mental disorder as it applies to children and adolescents. | 1.2: Explain how mental health professionals diagnose youths using DSM-5.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: What Do We Mean by “Abnormal?”
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Describe the three different approaches to classification that the DSM-5 uses.
Learning Objective: 1.2: Explain how mental health professionals diagnose youths using DSM-5.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: How Do Psychologists Diagnose Mental Health Problems in Children?
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. What are benefits to diagnosing children and adolescents using the DSM-5?
Learning Objective: 1.2: Explain how mental health professionals diagnose youths using DSM-5.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Diagnosing Children?
Difficulty Level: Hard
4. How common is the use of psychotropic medication among youth in the United States?
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Use of Medication
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. List and briefly describe APA’s five general ethical principles from the Ethics Code.
Learning Objective: 1.5: Identify and apply four ethical principles that are important when helping children and families.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The APA Ethics Code
Difficulty Level: Hard
6. What are the strengths and weaknesses of defining abnormality based on the child or adolescent’s degree of impairment?
Learning Objective: 1.1: Critically evaluate the concept of a mental disorder as it applies to children and adolescents. | 1.2: Explain how mental health professionals diagnose youths using DSM-5.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: What Do We Mean by “Abnormal?”
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. How might an adolescent’s ethnicity, religion, or culture influence the likelihood that he might be diagnosed with a mental disorder or be considered “abnormal?”
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: How Do Social–Cultural Factors Affect Our Understanding of Mental Health?
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. You are a volunteer at a residential treatment facility for children with intellectual disabilities. Over several weeks, you notice that the type of therapy practiced at the facility does not have empirical support and other methods of treatment that have greater empirical support are not being used. What would you do?
Learning Objective: 1.4: Describe the characteristics of evidence-based practice and the types of professionals who help children and families in need.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Students as Evidence-Based Helpers
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Your book describes how treatment rates of children’s disorders have increased by 24% in the past decade. Does this indicate that overall prevalence of disorder has increased? Why or why not?
Learning Objective: 1.3: Describe the prevalence of childhood disorders and how it varies as a function of children’s age, gender, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Prevalence and Incidence
Difficulty Level: Hard
10. What are some reasons to prevent mental disorder? Can you think of any reasons this might not be a useful goal?
Learning Objective: 1.1: Critically evaluate the concept of a mental disorder as it applies to children and adolescents. | 1.2: Explain how mental health professionals diagnose youths using DSM-5.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis.
Answer location: Prevalence and Incidence
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. What are some of the challenges of a statistical deviancy approach to defining abnormality?
Learning Objective: 1.1: Critically evaluate the concept of a mental disorder as it applies to children and adolescents. | 1.2: Explain how mental health professionals diagnose youths using DSM-5.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis.
Answer location: What Do We Mean by “Abnormal?”
Difficulty Level: Medium.