Chapter 4: Assessing and Treating Children’s Problems

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is one of the primary activities of mental health practitioners?

A. research

B. interviewing clients

C. consultation

D. treatment

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Definition and Purpose

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Which of the following is the best example of a multimethod assessment?

A. A psychologist asks a parent and a teacher to complete a rating scale about a child’s behavior.

B. A psychologist observes a child at school and then asks a teacher to complete a rating scale about the child’s behavior at home.

C. A psychologist gathers data from parents about the child’s behavior at school and at home on the weekend.

D. A psychologist uses self-report questionnaires from parents, teachers, and the child to assess the child’s mood.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Principles of Assessment

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Which of the following is a primary purpose of assessment?

A. to gather data for future studies of disorders

B. to inform the child’s school of special education services

C. to reach a diagnosis and plan for treatment

D. to determine an appropriate referral

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Definition and Purpose

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Mikhail is deliberately lying about other children and tearing up their work in the classroom. He has been repeatedly sent to the principal and his teacher is concerned about the effects of the disruptive behavior on the other students in the class. Which of the following would be the primary reason for assessment in Mikhail’s case?

A. to screen him for a disorder

B. to reach a diagnosis

C. to plan treatment

D. to remove him from the situation entirely and permanently

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Definition and Purpose

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. A pediatrician asks a psychologist to conduct a brief evaluation for a toddler who is showing delays in language acquisition and social skills. This is an example of ______.

A. a diagnostic interview

B. a projective test

C. reaching a diagnosis

D. screening

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Definition and Purpose

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Why is multimethod assessment important?

A. It helps the clinician obtain a more complete picture of children’s functioning.

B. It compensates for invalid norm-referenced tests.

C. It allows clinicians to skip certain methods.

D. It allows clinicians to avoid conducting interviews.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Principles of Assessment

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Wonje is suspected of having ADHD. Wonje’s clinician wants to be sure to interview Wonje’s parents, teachers, coaches, and Wonje himself to better understand Wonje’s behavior in different situations. This is referred to as ______.

A. behavioral observation

B. multi-informant assessment

C. informal data gathering

D. multimethod assessment

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Principles of Assessment

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Which of the following is true about reports of child behavior?

A. Different sources tend to have highly correlating reports of behavior, so typically only one source is necessary.

B. Children tend to report lower levels of psychological problems and behavioral symptoms than parents and teachers, across all disorders.

C. Children tend to overreport anxiety and mood problems, compared to teachers and parents, but teachers and parents tend to overreport disruptive behavior problems, compared to children.

D. Teachers and parents tend to overreport anxiety and depressive symptoms, compared to children, and children tend to overreport disruptive behavior problems, compared to teachers and parents.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Principles of Assessment

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. Which of the following is the most widely used semistructured diagnostic interview for children and adolescents?

A. Children’s Mental Status Exam

B. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children (Kiddie-SADS)

C. The Cultural Formulation Interview

D. The Scale of Impairment

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Diagnostic Interview

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. Which of the following is true of a clinical interview?

A. It always takes multiple sessions to complete.

B. It usually involves the child and his or her parents and sometimes other individuals knowledgeable about the child’s functioning.

C. It always occurs during the first session.

D. If both parents and children are interviewed, they are always interviewed separately.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Diagnostic Interview

Difficulty Level: Hard

11. Which of the following “systematically reviews all of the major psychiatric diagnoses to determine whether the child meets criteria for any diagnosis?”

A. a structured diagnostic interview

B. the DSM-5

C. behavior rating scales

D. clinical observation

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Diagnostic Interview

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Which of the following does the mental status exam assess?

A. Muscle tone

B. appearance and actions

C. language acquisition

D. hearing

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mental Status Exam

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Which of the following is true of stigma of mental illness?

A. Non-Latino White parents have greater concerns about stigma compared to ethnic minority parents.

B. It can cause a sense of shame or degradation that decreases self-esteem and lowers self-worth.

C. It has been shown to increase the likelihood that families will seek psychological services so they can have excuses for their children’s poor behavior.

D. It is not a concern for children and adolescents, but it is a concern for parents.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Intersectionality

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Billy has seen a psychologist, and during his mental status exam, he seems quite cheery. He even laughs repeatedly when talking about how he’s been living in a shelter and sometimes doesn’t have enough to eat. Which of the following is likely true of Billy?

A. A mental status exam would likely determine that Billy has no psychological disturbances.

B. Billy seems to be displaying inappropriate affect, which would be seen in the cognition aspect of the mental status exam.

C. Billy seems to be displaying inappropriate mood, which would be seen in the emotions aspect of the mental status exam.

D. Billy seems to be displaying inappropriate affect, which would be seen in the emotions aspect of the mental status exam.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Mental Status Exam

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. A child who jumps from one idea to another, seemingly unconnected, idea when speaking would most likely be having challenges with thought ______, assessed in the ______ section of the mental status exam.

A. content; appearance and actions

B. process; appearance and actions

C. content; cognition

D. process; cognition

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Mental Status Exam

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Malik is a linebacker on his high school football team. He just took a hard hit. Lying on the ground, when he opens his eyes, one of the first questions his coach asks him is, “Do you know where you are?” The coach is trying to assess Malik’s ______.

A. appearance and actions

B. thought content

C. orientation

D. emotion

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Mental Status Exam

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Which of the following examples displays insight but not judgment, with respect to the cognition portion of the mental status exam?

A. Billie agrees that her purging after meals is a problem but doesn’t believe it’s a very big problem.

B. Natasha doesn’t agree with her parents that her cannabis use is a problem, though she does agree not to use it in their house.

C. Antonio’s biggest wish is that he wouldn’t feel compelled to wash his hands so frequently, and he’d do anything to stop but doesn’t know how.

D. Martin wishes everyone would stop talking about him and let him be alone with his thoughts.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Mental Status Exam

Difficulty Level: Hard

18. Which of the following is true of a cultural formulation interview?

A. It is required for diagnosis of almost every disorder in the DSM-5.

B. It is only used with clients who are racially or ethnically diverse.

C. It gathers data about a client’s racial, ethnic, and cultural identities.

D. It is administered in a yes/no question format.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cultural Formulation Interview

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Which is true of behavioral observation?

A. It is not necessary if there are parental reports of the child’s behavior.

B. It can be fully assessed by informally observing the child’s behavior in the clinic.

C. The clinician can observe analog tasks to mimic the situations in which children engage in daily life.

D. Naturalistic observations are most commonly used by clinicians who work in hospitals.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Observation Methods

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. A therapist asks a mother and a child to work on a puzzle together in the clinic playroom and watches their interaction when they discover that there’s a piece missing. This might be considered ______.

A. informal data gathering

B. a naturalistic observation

C. an analog task

D. mental status exam

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Observation Methods

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. To be diagnosed with ADHD, one must meet a minimum of six symptoms of inattention or hyperactivity–impulsivity. Jordan has five symptoms of hyperactivity–impulsivity. Which of the following is true?

A. Jordan must not need support services at school, otherwise he would be diagnosable.

B. The diagnosis of ADHD categorically excludes Jordan from a diagnosis.

C. Because Jordan doesn’t meet full criteria for ADHD, he is very unlikely to experience significant distress and impairment.

D. Jordan likely differs appreciably from children who fully meet diagnostic criteria.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Specific Symptom Inventories

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Mimi has anorexia nervosa, an eating disorder. In therapy, Mimi confides in her therapist that she cannot get better now because her parents work together to help her get well, and when she is better, she worries they’ll divorce (they were on the brink of divorce before her relapse). Which of the following potential limitations of diagnosis does this illustrate?

A. The DSM-5 does not adequately reflect the individual’s environmental context.

B. The DSM-5 makes somewhat arbitrary distinctions between normality and abnormality.

C. The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria are subjective and value-laden.

D. The DSM-5 diagnosis can perpetuate stigma.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Specific Symptom Inventories

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. A father is complaining that his daughter is “acting out.” After discussion, the therapist defines acting out as the production of temper outbursts, including verbal and physical aggressive acts such as high-volume shouting and punching or kicking. Which of the following is true?

A. Acting out is a specific term.

B. The therapist has identified the antecedent.

C. The clearer definition of acting out could allow the clinician to perform a functional analysis of the behavior.

D. The punching or kicking is the consequence.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Functional Analysis

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. A clinician observes a mother–child dyad in an analog task. In a playroom, the mother is advised to switch from playing with one toy to playing with another every 5 min. The therapist notices that when the mother does not give clear warning of the switch, her child tantrums. When he tantrums, the mother soothes him by returning to the original toy. Which of the following is true?

A. The clinician may be performing a functional behavioral assessment.

B. The failure to provide time for the child to process the transition may be the antecedent.

C. The tantrum is the consequence.

D. The mother’s response to the tantrum is punishing.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Functional Analysis

Difficulty Level: Hard

25. Intelligence ______.

A. is innate

B. involves both abstract thinking and knowledge

C. has been defined in the same ways for over 200 years

D. cannot be reliably measured in children

Learning Objective: 4.1 Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Intelligence

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Which of the following are indices on the WISC-V?

A. abstract reasoning and fluid reasoning

B. working memory and fluid reasoning

C. working memory, fluid reasoning, processing speed

D. working memory, fluid reasoning, processing speed, and verbal comprehension

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Intelligence

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. What is the mean in a normal distribution?

A. 70

B. 85

C. 100

D. 110

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Intelligence

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. Which of the following is true about IQ?

A. It is normally distributed.

B. Its standard deviation is 20.

C. About <.1% of people have scores below 70.

D. A score of 130 is considered average.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Intelligence

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. What is the distinction between an intelligence test and an achievement test?

A. There is no difference; they are two terms for the same thing.

B. An intelligence test measures verbal comprehension, while an achievement test never does.

C. An intelligence test measures what a person already knows, while an achievement test measures the highest level of learning they could achieve.

D. An intelligence test measures a person’s capacity to learn, while an achievement test measures what a person has already learned and retained.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Academic Achievement

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. The Woodcock-Johnson (WJ-IV) ______.

A. is an intelligence test

B. measures working memory and processing speed explicitly

C. can be used to contribute toward a diagnosis of learning disorders

D. has a subsection for understanding science

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Academic Achievement

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Which is true of scoring on the standard achievement test, the Woodcock-Johnson?

A. The scoring on each of the three achievement domains has a mean of 50.

B. A score of 1 standard deviation below the mean indicates a specific learning disability.

C. A score of 1.5 standard deviations below the mean might indicate a specific learning disability.

D. The three achievement domains are highly correlated, such that it is almost impossible for someone to receive a substantially lower score in one domain than the others.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Academic Achievement

Difficulty Level: Hard

32. ______ refers to a person’s relatively stable patterns of thoughts, feelings, and actions.

A. IQ

B. Affect

C. Personality

D. Mood

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Personality Testing

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. What type of scores does the MMPI-Adolescent-Restructured Form (MMPI-A-RF) yield?

A. standard scores

B. T-scores

C. scaled scores

D. percentile ranks

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Personality Testing

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. Beliefs that other people are essentially bad would be reported on which restructured clinical scale in the MMPI-Adolescent-Restructured Form?

A. low positive emotions

B. cynicism

C. antisocial behavior

D. dysfunctional negative emotions

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Personality Testing

Difficulty Level: Hard

35. Which of the following is true of MMPI-A-RF scoring, as compared with intelligence and achievement tests?

A. Like intelligence and achievement tests, the standard score is 100.

B. Like intelligence and achievement tests, low scores indicate greater dysfunction.

C. Like intelligence and achievement tests, the standard deviation is 10.

D. Like achievement tests, a score of 1.5 standard deviations from the mean indicates significant problems.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Personality Testing

Difficulty Level: Hard

36. Which of the following is true of the MMPI-A-RF and the BASC-3?

A. The BASC-3 can be conducted as a semistructured interview, whereas the MMPI-A-RF cannot.

B. The BASC-3 and MMPI-A-RF can be conducted with children.

C. The BASC-3 and MMPI-A-RF is scored with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10.

D. The BASC-3 and MMPI-A-RF have similar subscales.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Personality Testing

Difficulty Level: Hard

37. The Achenbach System for Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA) is ______.

A. a self-report tool

B. used to measure intelligence and achievement

C. a behavior rating scale

D. not valid for children under the age of 12

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parent, Teacher, and Self-Report Rating Scales

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. Which rating scale would be the most targeted assessment for ADHD?

A. ASRS

B. Conners 3

C. Revised Children’s Anxiety and Depression Scale

D. ASEBA

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Specific Symptom Inventories

Difficulty Level: Hard

39. According to the definition of psychotherapy, it is a(n) ______.

A. assessment process

B. behavioral process

C. interpersonal process

D. evidence-based process

Learning Objective: 4.4: Differentiate the major systems of psychotherapy and the way evidence-based treatment can be adapted to meet families’ social–cultural backgrounds.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Definition and Common Factors of Therapy

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. Norm-referenced testing ______.

A. allows for the translation of a raw score into a measure of functioning relative to others who are similar on certain characteristics

B. prevents the translation of a raw score into a measure of functioning relative to others of the person’s age

C. requires that performance of a single child be tested multiple times

D. uses the same, standard comparison group for all children

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Standardization

Difficulty Level: Medium

41. A psychologist is developing a new test of reasoning. He notices that while individuals tend to score the same across multiple administrations of the test, there are particular test items that seem to give everyone trouble, irrespective of how well they score on the test overall. It seems that all the items that give individuals trouble use particularly advanced vocabulary words. Which of the following is true?

A. This test has low test–retest reliability.

B. The items on the test that everyone scores poorly on are valid measures of the construct of reasoning.

C. The test has particularly strong internal consistency.

D. Removing the items that don’t seem to contribute to the overall score would likely improve the test.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Validity

Difficulty Level: Medium

42. ______ refers to the consistency of a psychological test.

A. Reliability

B. Validity

C. Standardization

D. Norm-referencing

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reliability

Difficulty Level: Medium

43. Not many experts consider diet to be relevant to a diagnosis of depression. If a depressive inventory asked multiple questions about fruits and vegetables and food additives, this would call into question which of the following?

A. test–retest reliability of the inventory

B. the content validity of the inventory

C. the inter-rater reliability of the inventory

D. the internal consistency of the inventory

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Validity

Difficulty Level: Medium

44. A college professor in a childhood disorders class gives extra credit on the basis of who answers questions correctly on an 80s-music quiz at the start of the class. Which of the following is likely true of this approach?

A. This approach has low content validity because 80s music is not relevant to childhood disorders.

B. This approach would likely have high convergent validity with exam scores in childhood disorders.

C. This approach would likely have high predictive validity of future exam scores in childhood disorders.

D. This approach would likely have low test–retest reliability because multiple students might give different answers to the same question.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Validity

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. According to Carl Rogers, what are the necessary ingredients for therapeutic change?

A. culturally competent therapist and motivated client

B. trusting relationship and consistent setting in which change is supposed to take place

C. empathy and sympathy

D. unconditional positive regard, congruence, and empathy

Learning Objective: 4.4: Differentiate the major systems of psychotherapy and the way evidence-based treatment can be adapted to meet families’ social–cultural backgrounds.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Definition and Common Factors of Therapy

Difficulty Level: Medium

46. What type of therapy focuses on the client’s patterns of thinking about oneself, others, and the future?

A. behavior therapy

B. cognitive therapy

C. psychodynamic therapy

D. individual therapy

Learning Objective: 4.4: Differentiate the major systems of psychotherapy and the way evidence-based treatment can be adapted to meet families’ social–cultural backgrounds.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cognitive Therapy

Difficulty Level: Medium

47. The foundation of what therapy suggests that people form internal working models built on trust and expectations for care, and mistrust or inconsistent care can interfere with the development of future relationships?

A. behavior therapy

B. family systems therapy

C. attachment therapy

D. interpersonal therapy

Learning Objective: 4.4: Differentiate the major systems of psychotherapy and the way evidence-based treatment can be adapted to meet families’ social–cultural backgrounds.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Interpersonal Therapy

Difficulty Level: Hard

48. ______ involves modifying evidence-based psychotherapy to fit families’ social-cultural context.

A. Evidence-based treatment

B. Culturally adapted treatment

C. Socially adapted treatment

D. Clinical judgment

Learning Objective: 4.4: Differentiate the major systems of psychotherapy and the way evidence-based treatment can be adapted to meet families’ social–cultural backgrounds.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Intersectionality

Difficulty Level: Hard

49. Does child psychotherapy work?

A. Yes, overall, therapy has a medium effect on children’s functioning after treatment.

B. Yes, overall, therapy has a high effect on children’s functioning after treatment.

C. Yes, overall, therapy has a high effect on children’s functioning 1 year after treatment.

D. No, research has shown that it is not effective for treatment of children’s mental health problems.

Learning Objective: 4.5: Evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of therapy for children and families.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Overall Efficacy of Therapy

Difficulty Level: Medium

50. For adults, what is the most effective psychotherapy?

A. behavior therapy

B. family systems therapy

C. cognitive therapy

D. There is little evidence that any form is superior to any other forms of therapy.

Learning Objective: 4.5: Evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of therapy for children and families.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Which Therapy Works Best?

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. If a test does not have high test–retest reliability, it cannot be valid.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Reliability

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Validity is not a property of tests; rather, validity is a property of using a test for a specific purpose.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Validity

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The purpose of psychotherapy is to alter the thoughts, feelings, or overt actions of the client to alleviate symptoms and improve well-being.

Learning Objective: 4.4: Differentiate the major systems of psychotherapy and the way evidence-based treatment can be adapted to meet families’ social–cultural backgrounds.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Definition and Common Factors of Therapy

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The dodo verdict describes the tendency for all psychotherapies to be equally efficacious.

Learning Objective: 4.5: Evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of therapy for children and families.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Which Therapy Works Best?

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Behavioral observations are only necessary for assessing behavioral disturbances, not mood or cognitive problems.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Observation Methods

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Effectiveness refers to the effects of therapy under ideal conditions.

Learning Objective: 4.5: Evaluate the efficacy and effectiveness of therapy for children and families.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Efficacy vs. Effectiveness

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Children are usually more motivated than adults to participate in therapy.

Learning Objective: 4.4: Differentiate the major systems of psychotherapy and the way evidence-based treatment can be adapted to meet families’ social–cultural backgrounds.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: How Does Child Psychotherapy Differ From Adult Psychotherapy?

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Intelligence and achievement are two words for the same thing; intelligence refers to nonacademic domains and achievement refers to the scholastic domain.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Academic Achievement

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Ecological systems theory is at the heart of the guidelines to help clinicians adapt treatment to meet the needs of culturally diverse children and families.

Learning Objective: 4.4: Differentiate the major systems of psychotherapy and the way evidence-based treatment can be adapted to meet families’ social–cultural backgrounds.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Intersectionality

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. An IQ of 100 is considered normal and anything other than 100 is considered abnormal.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Intelligence

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. A person can be diagnosed with learning disabilities on the basis of the Woodcock-Johnson alone.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Academic Achievement

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Psychodynamic therapy focuses on unconscious conflict with the self.

Learning Objective: 4.4: Differentiate the major systems of psychotherapy and the way evidence-based treatment can be adapted to meet families’ social–cultural backgrounds.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Psychodynamic Therapy

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. How are hypotheses relevant in the process of psychological assessment?

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Psychological Assessment

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Why is it important that tests used in clinical settings be standardized?

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Standardization

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. List and briefly describe the various types of validity.

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Validity

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Why do clinicians rely on data from multiple methods and multiple informants whenever possible?

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Principles of Assessment

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. What is the difference between psychological assessment and diagnosis?

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Principles of Assessment

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. What is the difference between test–retest reliability and internal consistency of a psychological test?

Learning Objective: 4.1: Describe the purpose of psychological assessment and the importance of including information from multiple informants using multiple methods. | 4.2: Understand the basic techniques used to assess children’s behavioral, cognitive, and social–emotional functioning. | 4.3: Explain the importance of standardization, reliability, and validity in psychological testing.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reliability

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. What are the major systems of psychotherapy?

Learning Objective: 4.4: Differentiate the major systems of psychotherapy and the way evidence-based treatment can be adapted to meet families’ social–cultural backgrounds.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Are the Major Systems of Psychotherapy?

Difficulty Level: Medium