Chapter 3: Race and Ethnicity

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which group is expected to become a statistical minority by the year 2043?

a. Hispanic Americans

b. Asian Americans

c. non-Hispanic white Americans

d. Black Americans

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the difference between race and ethnic groups.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Social scientists reject the biological notions of race, instead favoring an approach that treats race as a(n) ______.

a. need

b. imperative

c. construct

d. drive

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the difference between race and ethnic groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Defining Race and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. As of 2002, ______ were the nation’s largest minority group.

a. white Americans

b. Hispanic Americans

c. African Americans

d. Asian Americans

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the difference between race and ethnic groups.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Defining Race and Ethnicity: Ethnic Groups

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Which continent receives the largest number of international immigrants?

a. North America

b. Asia

c. Africa

d. Europe

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the difference between race and ethnic groups.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The federal definition of ethnicity is based on guidelines of the ______.

a. U.S. Congress

b. President’s National Security Council

c. U.S. Supreme Court

d. Office of Management and Budget

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the difference between race and ethnic groups.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Defining Race and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. The belief that one’s own group values and behaviors are not only right, but also superior to others is called ______.

a. narcissism

b. prejudice

c. discrimination

d. ethnocentrism

Learning Objective: 3-2: Identify the different types of institutional discrimination Identify the different types of institutional discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Patterns of Racial and Ethnic Integration

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Laws that required segregation of Blacks and whites in public facilities, schools, and transportation were known as ______.

a. the Johnson-Reed Act

b. the Brown v Board of Education ruling

c. the Civil Rights Act

d. Jim Crow laws

Learning Objective: 3-2: Identify the different types of institutional discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Patterns of Racial and Ethnic Integration

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. The practice of prohibiting or restricting the entry or participation of groups into society is known as ______.

a. segregation

b. colonialism

c. exclusion

d. expulsion

Learning Objective: 3-2: Identify the different types of institutional discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Patterns of Racial and Ethnic Integration

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. The Trail of Tears is an example of ______.

a. emigration

b. immigration

c. exclusion

d. expulsion

Learning Objective: 3-2: Identify the different types of institutional discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Patterns of Racial and Ethnic Integration

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Which of the following groups in America have not experienced expulsion or exclusion?

a. black people

b. white people

c. Chinese people

d. Native American peoples

Learning Objective: 3-2: Identify the different types of institutional discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Patterns of Racial and Ethnic Integration

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. The United States today can be said to ______ along color lines.

a. be completely integrated

b. be intensely segregated

c. compete

d. build

Learning Objective: 3-2: Identify the different types of institutional discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Patterns of Racial and Ethnic Integration

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. From the late 19th century through the mid-1940s the United States regarded immigration ______.

a. negatively

b. positively

c. neutrally

d. as an important way to increase pluralism

Learning Objective: 3-2: Identify the different types of institutional discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Patterns of Racial and Ethnic Integration

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Which sociological perspective views assimilation as the solution to the differences between racial and ethnic groups?

a. functionalist

b. feminist

c. interactionist

d. conflict

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize how the sociological perspectives explain problems related to race and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Functionalist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Which sociological perspective is most likely to point to how ethnocentrism and racism maintain social inequality?

a. multiculturalist

b. interactionist

c. functionalist

d. conflict

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize how the sociological perspectives explain problems related to race and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conflict Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Which sociological perspective focuses on how the dynamics of racial and ethnic relations divides groups while maintaining a dominant group?

a. feminist

b. interactionist

c. functionalist

d. conflict

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize how the sociological perspectives explain problems related to race and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conflict Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. The belief in the inferiority of certain racial groups, which is often accompanied by discrimination, is called ______.

a. ethnocentrism

b. individual discrimination

c. institutional discrimination

d. racism

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize how the sociological perspectives explain problems related to race and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. ______ is prevalent in Switzerland.

a. Pluralism

b. Assimilation

c. Ethnocentrism

d. Segregation

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize how the sociological perspectives explain problems related to race and ethnicity

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Functionalist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Feminist theory intersects with ______ through its analysis of multiple systems of oppression, such as race, class, sexual orientation, nation of origin, language, culture, and ethnicity.

a. racialization

b. multiculturalism

c. pluralism

d. ethnic attrition

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize how the sociological perspectives explain problems related to race and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Feminist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. ______ is a new racial category.

a. Racialization

b. Multiracial

c. Pluralistic

d. Ethnic attrition

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize how the sociological perspectives explain problems related to race and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Amitra is an immigrant who has entered the U.S. without documentation. The U.N. would consider her to be which of these types of immigrants?

a. front door

b. side door

c. back door

d. window

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize how the sociological perspectives explain problems related to race and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: U.S. Immigration

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. According to a national survey of racial disparities in health, most Americans attribute racial differences in poor health outcomes to which of these factors?

a. race

b. poor choices

c. social conditions

d. biology

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize how the sociological perspectives explain problems related to race and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Hard

22. Which of the following is an example of de facto segregation?

a. the U.S. Supreme Court’s 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education

b. the economic segregation of schools

c. the illegalization of interracial marriage

d. Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals

Learning Objective: 3.4: Describe the impact of immigrant workers on the U.S. labor force.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Consequences of Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Hard

23. Which individual is considered a 1.5 generation immigrant?

a. Li Mei, a 25-year-old engineer whose mother immigrated to the United States before Li Mei was born

b. Sujata, a 46-year-old physician's assistant who immigrated to the United States with her husband ten years ago

c. Zahra, a 15-year-old girl who identifies as a multiracial U.S. citizen

d. Sofia, a 9-year-old student at Pinewood Elementary whose parents immigrated to the United States last year to find work

Learning Objective: 3-4: Describe the impact of immigrant workers on the U.S. labor force.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Responding to Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Hard

24. Which racial/ethnic group experienced the greatest loss in wealth between 2007-2016 in the United States?

a. Hispanics

b. Native Americans

c. non-Hispanic whites

d. African Americans

Learning Objective: 3-4: Describe the impact of immigrant workers on the U.S. labor force.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Responding to Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Hard

25. One of the primary means to accumulate wealth, ______, is also a primary mechanism of inequality between blacks and whites in the United States.

a. education

b. home ownership

c. access to health insurance

d. access to health services

Learning Objective: 3-4: Describe the impact of immigrant workers on the U.S. labor force.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Responding to Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Which statement is NOT true of affirmative action?

a. Affirmative action has attempted to improve minority access to educational opportunities.

b. Affirmative action policies are controversial.

c. Affirmative action only benefits African Americans.

d. Affirmative action has attempted to improve minority access to occupational opportunity.

Learning Objective: 3-4: Describe the impact of immigrant workers on the U.S. labor force.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Responding to Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Schools with high enrollments are associated with which of these factors?

a. bigger budgets

b. higher dropout rates

c. higher teacher-to-student ratios

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 3-4: Describe the impact of immigrant workers on the U.S. labor force.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Consequences of Racial and Ethnic Inequalities: Education

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. Based on Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights act, affirmative action programs in colleges and universities have been applied to which of these?

a. student curriculum

b. student fraternities and sororities

c. student room assignments

d. student financial aid

Learning Objective: 3-4: Describe the impact of immigrant workers on the U.S. labor force.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Responding to Racial and Ethnic Inequalities: Education

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. As of 2014, ______ states have outlawed the use of affirmative action in public schools.

a. 0

b. 10

c. 25

d. 50

Learning Objective: 3-4: Describe the impact of immigrant workers on the U.S. labor force.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Education

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. Compared to 35 years ago, black and Hispanic students are today ______ at the nation’s top colleges and universities.

a. significantly more overrepresented

b. more overrepresented

c. more underrepresented

d. significantly more underrepresented

Learning Objective: 3-4: Describe the impact of immigrant workers on the U.S. labor force.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Education

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Emigration from Mexico to the United States has ______ since 2007.

a. increased dramatically

b. increased by a small percentage

c. stayed constant

d. decreased

Learning Objective: 3-4: Describe the impact of immigrant workers on the U.S. labor force.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: U.S. Immigration

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. In 2016, ______ unauthorized immigrants were in the United States.

a. 5.5 million

b. 11.3 million

c. 25 million

d. 100 million

Learning Objective: 3-4: Describe the impact of immigrant workers on the U.S. labor force.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: U.S. Immigration

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. All of the following are components of effective workplace diversity training programs EXCEPT ______.

a. familiarizing employees with antidiscrimination laws

b. increasing cultural awareness among employees

c. calling out past poor behaviour of managers and staff

d. making managers aware of how their biases affect their actions

Learning Objective: 3-5: Explain how the college experience increases racial/ethnic diversity awareness.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Encouraging Diversity and Inclusivity

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. Which of the following is/are effective way(s) to reduce discrimination and bias in schools?

a. increase cultural competency of staff and faculty

b. house minority students and white students separately

c. mentor white students about race

d. discontinue affirmative action programs

Learning Objective: 3-5: Explain how the college experience increases racial/ethnic diversity awareness.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Education

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. The Association of American Colleges and Universities reported ______ in the number of college classes requiring diversity classes between 1990 and 2000.

a. a decrease of more than 50 percent

b. a decrease between 10 and 20 percent

c. an increase of more than 50 percent

d. an increase between 10 and 20 percent

Learning Objective: 3-5: Explain how the college experience increases racial/ethnic diversity awareness.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Encouraging Diversity and Inclusivity

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. The U.S. Census distinguishes between native and foreign-born residents.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the difference between race and ethnic groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Defining Race and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. By 2060, researchers estimate that the majority of Americans will come from a combination of racial groups.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the difference between race and ethnic groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. In 2013, there were 41 million foreign-born individuals in the United States.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the difference between race and ethnic groups.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Defining Race and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Most of foreign-born people in the United States come from Asia.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the difference between race and ethnic groups.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Defining Race and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. According to functionalists, assimilation can never lead to social equilibrium.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize how the sociological perspectives explain problems related to race and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Conflict theorists believe that assimilation is the best way to end racism.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize how the sociological perspectives explain problems related to race and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. According to the interactionist perspective, we learn about racial and ethnic categories through our social interactions.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize how the sociological perspectives explain problems related to race and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Black feminists focus primarily on how gender and racial oppression combine to create inequality.

Learning Objective: 3.3: Summarize how the sociological perspectives explain problems related to race and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Because of affirmative action and other social programs, most African Americans now earn the same as white Americans.

Learning Objective: 3.4: Describe the impact of immigrant workers on the U.S. labor force.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Responding to Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. The recently arrived immigrant population is much less educated than those who arrived to the U.S. 50 years ago.

Learning Objective: 3-4: Describe the impact of immigrant workers on the U.S. labor force.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Consequences of Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals allows those who have lived in the United States for at least five years without a felony, serious misdemeanor, or three less serious misdemeanors to work legally and obtain a driver’s license.

Learning Objective: 3-4: Describe the impact of immigrant workers on the U.S. labor force.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Responding to Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. U.S. immigration policy is basically the same as it was when the Immigration Service was established in the late 19th century.

Learning Objective: 3-4: Describe the impact of immigrant workers on the U.S. labor force.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Consequences of Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Hard

13. Hispanic students are more likely than black and white students to attend high schools with large enrolments.

Learning Objective: 3-4: Describe the impact of immigrant workers on the U.S. labor force.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Consequences of Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. According to Byrd and Clayton (2002), America’s health system is predicated on the belief that poor individuals do not deserve decent health.

Learning Objective: 3-4: Describe the impact of immigrant workers on the U.S. labor force.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Consequences of Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Define race and explain how it differs from ethnicity.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the difference between race and ethnic groups.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Defining Race and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Compare and contrast individual discrimination and institutional discrimination and give an example of each type.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Identify the different types of institutional discrimination.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Patterns of Racial and Ethnic Integration

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Describe Black Lives Matter and explain which sociological perspective it is most closely aligned with and why.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize how the sociological perspectives explain problems related to race and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Identify and describe one historical event that slowed the flow of immigrants to the United States during the 20th century.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize how the sociological perspectives explain problems related to race and ethnicity.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: U.S. Immigration: Past and Present

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Explain the patterns of emigration from Mexico since 2007 and identify at least three reasons for these patterns.

Learning Objective: 3-4: Describe the impact of immigrant workers on the U.S. labor force.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Responding to Racial and Ethnic Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Medium