Chapter 5: Sexual Orientation

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which country sparked worldwide condemnation in 2009 when it considered adopting an anti-homosexuality law involving the death penalty for some homosexual acts?

a. China

b. Algeria

c. Russia

d. Uganda

Learning Objective: 5-1: Define sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. The classification of individuals according to their preference for emotional-sexual relationships is known as ______.

a. sexual orientation

b. homosexuality

c. heterosexuality

d. bisexuality

Learning Objective: 5-1: Define sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Nic has exclusive emotional-sexual relationships with persons of the same sex. According to your text’s definition of sexual orientation, Nic is most likely ______.

a. homosexual

b. bisexual

c. heterosexual

d. transgender

Learning Objective: 5-1: Define sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Steven, though born a biological male, identifies as female. Based only on the information provided, Steven is ______.

a. homosexual

b. bisexual

c. heterosexual

d. transgender

Learning Objective: 5-1: Define sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Which of these is TRUE of transgender individuals?

a. Being transgender is about sexual orientation, not gender.

b. All transgender individuals identify as gay.

c. Transgender individuals are less prone to social problems as compared to LGB individuals.

d. Transgender individuals may identify as heterosexual, homosexual, or any other sexuality.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Define sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Which country was the first country to establish a constitutional ban against discrimination based on sexual orientation?

a. the United States

b. France

c. South Africa

d. Sweden

Learning Objective: 5-1: Define sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. In 2004, ______ became the first state to legalize same-sex marriage.

a. Vermont

b. California

c. Oregon

d. Massachusetts

Learning Objective: 5-1: Define sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Dani does not identify with traditional norms of sexuality or gender. What term most likely applies to Dani?

a. homosexual

b. bisexual

c. heterosexual

d. queer

Learning Objective: 5-1: Define sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. While no definitive study exists on the number of people who identify as homosexual or bisexual, 2016 research estimates ______ of the population identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender.

a. less than 1 percent

b. 4.1 percent

c. 12.5 percent

d. 25 percent

Learning Objective: 5-1: Define sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Joi is sexually attracted to both men and women. What term most likely applies to Joi?

a. homosexual

b. bisexual

c. heterosexual

d. queer

Learning Objective: 5-1: Define sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Early psychological studies treated homosexuality as a(n) ______.

a. inborn trait

b. parental mistake

c. mental illness

d. biological necessity

Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how each sociological perspective addresses sexual orientation and inequality.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. What is the term for an irrational fear or intolerance of people attracted to others of the same sex?

a. claustrophobia

b. transphobia

c. heterophobia

d. homophobia

Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how each sociological perspective addresses sexual orientation and inequality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Which sociological perspective is likely to examine definitions and stereotypes of LGBT people in society?

a. interactionist

b. functionalist

c. conflict theorist

d. feminists

Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how each sociological perspective addresses sexual orientation and inequality.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Which sociological perspective is likely to question which social structures maintain heterosexism in society?

a. conflict

b. functionalist

c. interactionist

d. feminist

Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how each sociological perspective addresses sexual orientation and inequality.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Which sociological perspective is likely to point out that societal norms and values about the heterosexual family control human sexuality?

a. conflict

b. functionalist

c. interactionist

d. feminist

Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how each sociological perspective addresses sexual orientation and inequality.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Contemporary culture wars are most likely to divide us around which of these according to your text?

a. religion

b. race

c. sexuality and gender

d. immigration

Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how each sociological perspective addresses sexual orientation and inequality.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conflict and Feminist Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Hard

17. According to the interactionist perspective, which two identities are merged when one discloses a gay identity?

a. a private sexual identity with a public social identity

b. a private social identify with a public sexual identity

c. a master status with a minor status

d. a status with a role

Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how each sociological perspective addresses sexual orientation and inequality.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. The Defense of Marriage Act was passed in ______.

a. 1886

b. 1941

c. 1996

d. 2006

Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how each sociological perspective addresses sexual orientation and inequality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. What is the term for an identity that determines how others view individuals and individuals view themselves?

a. minor label

b. master status

c. sexual orientation

d. a privilege

Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how each sociological perspective addresses sexual orientation and inequality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Interactionist Perspective

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Which term often symbolizes the pursuit of individual rights and self-identification for gay and lesbian persons?

a. “going in”

b. “on the down low”

c. “self-realization”

d. “coming out”

Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how each sociological perspective addresses sexual orientation and inequality.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. What is the term for the set of privileges or advantages granted to some people because of their heterosexuality?

a. sexual discrimination

b. heterosexual privilege

c. homophobia

d. heterosexism

Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how each sociological perspective addresses sexual orientation and inequality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conflict and Feminist Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Amy Lind’s study of sexual biases in social welfare policy proposes that which of these stereotypes of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals leads to a lack of social support?

a. poverty

b. affluence

c. immorality

d. liberalism

Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how each sociological perspective addresses sexual orientation and inequality.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conflict and Feminist Perspectives

Difficulty Level: Hard

23. Why have studies of domestic violence been critiqued for having a heterosexist bias?

a. because they focus on the subjugation of women by men and ignore violence in same-sex couples

b. because they do not allow lesbians to stay in shelters

c. because they developed strategies to address violence only in same-sex male couples and not in lesbian couples

d. because they stigmatize bisexual couples

Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how each sociological perspective addresses sexual orientation and inequality.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. A sociologist would likely assert that the rates of mental health problems are higher among homosexual men and women than they are in heterosexual men and women due in part to ______.

a. neurohormonal differences between the groups

b. genetic differences between the groups

c. social discrimination and cultural stigmatization

d. mental health differences between the groups

Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how each sociological perspective addresses sexual orientation and inequality.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Hard

25. What is the term for counseling and psychotherapy to eliminate sexual desires for members of one’s own sex?

a. conversion therapy

b. psychoanalysis

c. de-identification therapy

d. conceptual sublimation

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Which statement is TRUE of sodomy laws?

a. They are enforced today in over 20 U.S. states.

b. They have never been enforced.

c. They criminalize oral and anal sex between two consenting adults.

d. They decriminalize oral and anal sex between two consenting adults.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: State and Federal Legislation

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. In March 2003, the U.S. Supreme Court heard the case brought against John Lawrence and Tyron Garner for violating the state of Texas’ law banning homosexual sodomy. What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in this case?

a. to overturn the Texas law

b. to overturn the Texas law and all other remaining sodomy laws in the United States

c. to uphold the Texas law

d. to remove itself from the case

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: State and Federal Legislation

Difficulty Level: Medium

28. Which U.S. president signed into law the Mychal Judge Act, which allows for federal death benefits to be paid to the same-sex partners of firefighters and police officers who die in the line of duty?

a. Woodrow Wilson

b. Lyndon B. Johnson

c. Bill Clinton

d. George W. Bush

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. In all states, LGBT individuals are legally protected from which of these?

a. denial of credit based on sexual orientation or gender identity

b. discrimination in public places

c. hate crimes

d. employment discrimination

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: State and Federal Legislation

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act prohibits employment discrimination because of sex. Why aren't gays and lesbians protected under this act?

a. Homosexuality is typically an easily observable characteristic.

b. It is sometimes difficult to determine another individual's sex.

c. Sex is interpreted as gender, which means that sexual orientation is not covered.

d. The act was designed to protect against gender identity discrimination but not discrimination based on sexual orientation.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Employment

Difficulty Level: Hard

31. In the United States, same-sex couples were first counted in the ______ census.

a. 1910

b. 1990

c. 2000

d. 2010

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Rights and Recognition of Same-Sex Couples

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. Which of these has been referred to as the “last closet”?

a. the military

b. the priesthood

c. the family

d. professional sports

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Employment

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. What year was Don’t Ask Don’t Tell ended?

a. 1990

b. 2000

c. 2011

d. 2018

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Military Service

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. Which argument is frequently used to support denying services to LGBTQ people?

a. individual rights

b. free speech

c. religious freedom

d. civil rights

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Responding to Sexual Orientation Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. Which is TRUE of LGBTQ youth in the foster care system?

a. They have a lower number of foster care placements than non-LGBTQ youth.

b. They are over-represented among the foster care population due to their sexual identity or sexual orientation.

c. All states have laws against discriminating against them.

d. They are less likely to live in a group setting than non-LGBTQ youth.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Responding to Sexual Orientation Inequalities

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. According to the text, the letter Q in LGBTQ stands for “questioning.”

Learning Objective: 5-1: Define Sexual Orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. One’s sexual orientation serves as a basis of inequality in contemporary American society.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Define Sexual Orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Homophobia is a rational fear or intolerance of homosexuals.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Define Sexual Orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. From the conflict and feminist perspectives, heterosexuals are granted a privileged place in our society.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how each sociological perspective addresses sexual orientation and inequality.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Higher rates of mental health problems among homosexual men and women are due in part to the social discrimination and cultural stigmatization they experience, according to the text.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how each sociological perspective addresses sexual orientation and inequality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Conversion therapy involves counseling and psychotherapy to eliminate sexual desires for members of one’s own sex.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Difficulty Level: Easy

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation and Inequality

7. Sexual orientation is covered under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. The need to “manage a disreputable sexual identity at the workplace” has been called the most persistent problem facing lesbians and gay men.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. A review of existing studies on workplace discrimination reveals that somewhere between one-quarter and two-thirds of LGB people report losing their jobs or missing promotions because of their sexual orientation.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Federal hate-crime law currently addresses crimes based on race, color, religion, national origin, and sexual orientation.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Under the policy of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell,” known homosexuals were allowed to serve in the U.S. military as long as their commanders were supportive.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Sodomy laws are an example of institutional discrimination.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Hard

13. Congress ended the U.S. military’s policy of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” in 2018.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Currently, all states permit adoption by single LGBT parents and same-sex couples

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Studies that compare gay and heterosexual workers with similar backgrounds and qualifications found that gay workers earn more than heterosexual workers.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. About 15 percent of all Fortune 500 companies have antidiscrimination policies protecting gay employees.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Define sexual orientation and explain the range of sexual orientations that your text covers.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Define sexual orientation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Name two strategies gay and lesbian youth may use to conceal their sexual orientation from family and friends. Explain why they employ these strategies.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how each sociological perspective addresses sexual orientation and inequality.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Define and provide an example of heterosexual privilege.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Explain how each sociological perspective addresses sexual orientation and inequality.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sociological Perspectives on Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. LGBTQ individuals continue to suffer from discrimination in American Society in employment. Provide three pieces of evidence for this statement.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify ongoing discrimination and inequality against the LGBTQ community.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium