Quantitative Social Research Test Bank Chapter.6

Chapter 6: How Can Researchers Enumerate and Examine Broad Patterns in Social Life? Quantitative Research

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 1

1) Which of the following is not a feature of the qualitative approach?

Page reference: Introduction

a. Quantitative research reflects objectivism.

b. Positivism is an ideal that continues to guide quantitative research.

c. It usually involves an inductive view of the relationship between theory and research.

d. Quantitative researchers strive to understand patterned relationships in the social world.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 2

2) Attributes or characteristics that may change over time, across different conditions, or from case to case are known as ___________.

Page reference: Introduction

a. Quantitative research

b. Variables

c. Concepts

d. Data

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 3

3) ______________ is an approach to inquiry that begins with a statement or theory from which hypotheses may be derived and tested.

Page reference: Introduction

a. Inductive research

b. Positivism

c. Deductive research

d. Interpretivism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 4

4) ____________ is an approach that views social phenomenon as if they have an existence independent of social actors or their perceptions.

Page reference: Introduction

a. Objectivism

b. Positivism

c. Qualitative research

d. Quantitative research

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 5

5) Which of the following is a data collection method typically used by a quantitative researcher?

Page reference: Introduction

a. Survey research

b. In-depth interviews

c. Content Analysis

d. Analysis of existing data

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 6

6) Dr. McIntosh is utilizing data from the 1972 General Social Survey. What type of data gathering is he using for his research?

Page reference: Introduction

a. Analysis of existing data

b. Survey Research

c. Questionnaire

d. None of these

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 7

7) __________ is a collection of standardized questions and response items that respondents complete without the aid of an interviewer.

Page reference: Introduction

a. Questionnaire

b. Survey

c. Content analysis

d. Focus Group

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 8

8) Which of these data gathering techniques can be used in either qualitative or quantitative analysis?

Page reference: Intro

a. Survey research

b. Content analysis and analysis of existing data

c. Only content analysis

d. Only analysis of existing data

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 9

9) Which sociologist was instrumental in helping establish sociology as an area of study?

Page reference: Emergence of Quantitative Approaches

a. Max Weber

b. Karl Marx

c. August Comte

d. Adolphe Quetelet

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 10

10) Which of the following is not one of the four principles of sociological work outlined by Comte?

Page reference: Emergence of Quantitative Approaches

a. Focus on individuals rather than groups, institutions, and societies

b. Positivist approach based on the careful observation of the elements under study

c. Focus on aggregates rather than individuals

d. Studying social life is more complex than other scientific arenas

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 11

11) Comte believe that those who study the complexity of the human world require a shared and precise language. What is that language?

Page reference: Emergence of Quantitative Approaches

a. German

b. Variables

c. Quantitative methods

d. Mathematics

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 12

12) Which of the following is not an aspect that is shared by both quantitative and qualitative research?

Page reference: Emergence of Quantitative Approaches

a. Emphasis on the relationship between individual experience and broader systems

b. Based on systematic observations of the world

c. Positivism only applies to quantitative research

d. Positivism applies to both types of research

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 13

13) Quantitative researchers often want to know more than just how things are, but why things happen. In other words, they want to understand ________.

Page reference: Testing Hypotheses to Establish Causality

a. Causal explanations

b. Statistics

c. Positivism

d. Descriptive data

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 14

14) In his research, Wodtke found that ______________.

Page reference: 6.1

a. Education level impacted views about racism.

b. Views about racism were not impacted by education level

c. Confounding variables influenced the relationship between views on race and education level

d. None of these

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 15

15) Which of the following is the best example of an unclear direction of causal influence?

Page reference: Testing Hypotheses to Establish Causality

a. Drug use impacting a person’s friendship network

b. Prior convictions impacting sentencing length

c. Race impacting tracking in school curriculum

d. None of these

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 16

16) Which of the following was Pearman II and Swain’s research question?

Page reference: Testing Hypotheses to Establish Causality

a. Does greater school choice increase gentrification of neighborhoods inhabited by lower-income communities of color?

b. Does the race of the residents in a lower-income community impact school choice?

c. How do neighborhoods change when gentrification occurs?

d. Do lower-income communities of color support school choice programs?

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 17

17) A ____________ variable is when a researcher holds a variable or variables constant in order to clarify the relationship between the independent and dependent variable

Page reference: Testing Hypotheses to Establish Causality

a. Confounding

b. Independent

c. Control

d. Causal

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 18

18) Which of the following best explains what Pearman and Swain meant by “reverse causality?”

Page reference: Testing Hypotheses to Establish Causality

a. Affluent families moving into lower-income BICOP communities motivated school choice policies to be implemented

b. The implementation of school choice programs motivated affluent families to move into lower-income BICOP communities.

c. School choice programs increased the possibility of gentrification by 22%.

d. Neighborhoods with higher proportions of residents of color and a neighborhood school policy were less more likely to experience gentrification.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 19

19) The relationship between two or more variables is referred to as _________.

Page reference: Testing Hypotheses to Establish Causality

a. Causation

b. Independent variable

c. Confounding relationship

d. Correlation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 20

20) When a researcher finds a positive correlation, that means that

Page reference: Testing Hypotheses to Establish Causality

a. A decrease in the independent variable is associated with an increase in the dependent variable.

b. An increase in the independent variable is associated with an increase in the dependent variable

c. An increase in the independent variable is associated with a decrease in the dependent variable

d. An increase in the dependent variable is associated with a decrease in the independent variable

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 21

21) Dr. Allen finds that when the number of alcoholic beverages consumed per week increases, student’s GPA decreases. What type of correlation is this?

Page reference: Testing Hypotheses to Establish Causality

a. Positive

b. Reverse

c. Negative

d. Curvilinear

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 22

22) Sutton and Rafaeli hypothesized that as the display of positive emotions from staff to shoppers increased, that higher sales would follow. What type of relationship were they predicting?

Page reference: Mixed methods in action

a. Causal

b. Positive

c. Negative

d. Reverse

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 23

23) Which of the following best describes what Sutton and Rafaeli found in their quantitative analysis?

Page reference: Mixed methods in action

a. As more positive emotions were displayed by the staff to the shoppers, sales went up.

b. The display of positive emotions by the staff had no impact on the sales.

c. As sales increase, more positive emotions were displayed by the staff.

d. When retail workers smiled less, sales were better.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 24

24) What best describes the findings from the qualitative analysis of Sutton and Rafaeli’s study?

Page reference: Mixed methods in action

a. Sales were caused by the emotional displays of the staff.

b. Workers’ emotional displays were caused by the amount of sales.

c. When sales were high, staff were more likely to display positive emotions.

d. When sales were slow, workers were more likely to feel pressure and displayed less positive emotions.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 25

25) Which was not a data collection method used by Sutton and Rafaeli?

Page reference: Mixed methods in action

a. Questionnaire

b. Semi-structured interviews

c. Unstructured observations

d. Structured observations

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 26

26) Sutton and Rafaeli’s research illustrates

Page reference: Mixed methods in action

a. The necessity of using mixed method approaches to infer causality.

b. The ease of inferring causality in cross-sectional research.

c. That it is not possible to detect the causal direction using observational methodology.

d. The challenge of inferring the causal direction in cross-sectional research

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 27

27) Brown et. al measured tweets from the #SayHerName campaign by

a. Including all tweets that referred to Sandra Bland between January 19-October 14, 2016

b. Including all tweets that referred to the SayHerName campaign regardless of hashtag between January 19-October 14, 2016

c. Including all tweets on Twitter in 2016 with the #SayHerName hashtag

d. Including all tweets between January 19-October 14, 2016 with #SayHerName hashtag

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 28

28) Which of the following was not one of the indicators of neighborhood cohesion in Hong, Zhang, and Walton’s study of mental health determinates among Asian American and Latino people?

Page reference: Precise Measurement and Reducing Errors

a. Whether respondents got along with their neighborhoods

b. Whether respondents considered neighbors their friends

c. Whether neighbors support each other

d. Whether neighbors would help in an emergency

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 29

29) Which of the following is not one of the findings of Hong and team’s research?

Page reference: Precise Measurement and Reducing Errors

a. People living in highly dense neighborhoods had poorer mental health.

b. Neighborhood social cohesion improved mental health.

c. Asian Americans had more positive outcomes compared to Latinos.

d. Latinos had more positive outcomes compared to Asian Americans.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 30

30) Making inferences about the larger population based on information from a sample is known as

Page reference: Generalization

a. Generalization

b. Objectivity

c. Probability

d. Measurement

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 31

31) Which of the following is not a characteristic that sample should have in order to generalize findings to the larger population?

Page reference: Generalization

a. Large sample of at least 100

b. Equal numbers of men and women

c. Random selection process

d. Representative sample

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 32

32) Font and team found that ____________________________________.

Page reference: Generalization

a. Aged-out youth and those who were adopted were as likely or more likely to attend college than those reunified with their guardians.

b. Aged-out youth had lower likelihood of attending college compared to those who were reunified with their families.

c. Adopted youth had lower earnings than those who were reunified with their families.

d. None of these

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 33

33) Which of the following does not describe the generalizability of Font et. al’s findings?

Page reference: Generalization

a. The findings of this study are generalizable to foster youth across the United States.

b. Because the sample is limited to a specific group in one state, it should not be generalized beyond the sample.

c. Font and team’s findings can be practically useful to people working in the child welfare system despite not being generalizable.

d. Some of the concepts examined in the study could be applicable outside of the Wisconsin.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 34

34) What is the typical second step of the quantitative research process?

Page reference: Main Steps in Quantitative Research

a. Assessing existing theory

b. Forming a hypothesis

c. Selecting a research design

d. Devise measures of concepts

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 35

35) Legewie and Fagan’s study was influenced by a theory which suggested that neighborhoods with more dilapidated buildings, graffiti, and loitering experienced more crime, known as

Page reference: Main Steps in Quantitative Research

a. Social disorder theory

b. Conflict theory

c. Broken windows theory

d. None of these

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 36

36) Which of the following best describes Legewie and Fagan’s research design?

Page reference: Main Steps in Quantitative Research

a. Survey research

b. Content analysis

c. Systematic observation

d. Analysis of existing data

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 37

37) How did Legewie and Fagan measure educational performance?

Page reference: Main Steps in Quantitative Research

a. Students’ overall Grade Point Average

b. None of these

c. Test scores from the New York State Mathematics test

d. Test scores from the New York State English Language Arts and Mathematics Test.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 38

38) People, institutions, or events can all be ___________ in the research process.

Page reference: Main Steps in Quantitative Research

a. Variables

b. Elements

c. Units

d. Measures

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 39

39) Which of the following best describes the scale that Legewie and Fagan used to measure students’ level of Operation Impact during a school year?

a. Scale ranged from 0 (exposed for the whole school year) to 1 (not exposed to Operation Impact).

b. Scale ranged from 0 (not exposed to Operation Impact) to 10 (exposed for the whole school year.) c. Scale ranged from 0 (not exposed to Operation Impact) to 1 (exposed for the whole school year.) d. Scale ranged from 0 (exposed for the whole school year) to 10 (not exposed to Operation Impact).

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 40

40) What is the final step in quantitative research?

a. Reaching findings/conclusions

b. Analyze data

c. None of these.

d. Write up findings/conclusions

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 41

41) Which of the following is not a conclusion from Legewie and Fagan’s study?

Page reference: Main Steps in Quantitative Research

a. Children’s race, gender, and age were important factors in understanding how living in an Operation Impact zone impacted academic performance.

b. Aggressive policing can contribute to social inequality.

c. Race was not an important factor in how aggressive policing impacted educational performance and future success.

d. Living in an Operation Impact zone impacted students’ academic performance.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 42

42) Rahman and Witenstein’s research was shaped by which theory?

Page reference: Methods in Motion

a. Conflict theory

b. Broken windows theory

c. Rational choice theory

d. Cultural values conflict theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 43

43) Why were Rahman and Witenstein unable to do complete more in-depth statistical analysis?

Page reference: Methods in Motion

a. Because there were no difference based on gender and economic background on academic performance, no further analysis was necessary.

b. The researchers’ findings were consistent with what other research had found.

c. The researchers were able to do an in-depth statistical analysis in their exploratory study.

d. Because the sample size was small, further analysis was not possible.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 44

44) An approach to research that consists of observation, measurement, and the formulation, testing, and revising of hypotheses is known as

Page reference: Systematic Study and the Question of Objectivity

a. Scientific method

b. Quantitative analysis

c. Statistical analysis

d. Objectivity

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 45

45) Which of the following best explains Zuberi’s point of view about race and statistics?

Page reference: Precise and Accurate Measurement

a. Most social scientists who use statistics about race are racist themselves.

b. The historical development of statistics impacts current statistical measures.

c. Despite the historical connections to eugenics, racial statistics today are not problematic.

d. None of these

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 46

46) Which of the following is not a challenge that quantitative researchers face when developing useful measures?

Page reference: Precise and Accurate Measurement

a. All of these are challenges

b. People may interpret key terms in different ways

c. People may not have knowledge needed to answer the questions accurately

d. Questions may not measure people’s behavior well.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 47

47) LaPiere’s study demonstrated that ______________________.

Page reference: Box 6.2

a. Hotels and restaurants always refused service to Chinese guests.

b. Hotels but not restaurants refused service to Chines guests.

c. Both survey research and observational research demonstrated that hotels and restaurants were likely to refuse service to Chines guests.

d. While a high percentage of hotels and restaurants indicated they would refuse Chinese guests in a survey, almost all of them accepted Chinese guests.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 48

48) Which of the following is a strategy that quantitative researchers use to understand the complexity of social life?

Page reference: Multidimensional Interpretations of Everyday Life

a. Studying multiple concepts by analyzing them together and separately.

b. Considering the impact of confounding variables.

c. All of these

d. Controlling for variables

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 49

49) Which of the following is not a reason that race must be measured in various ways, according to Horton and Sykes?

Page reference: Multidimensional Interpretations of Everyday Life

a. Racism exists on micro and macro levels.

b. Race varies across social contexts.

c. Race changes over time.

d. Racial identity is based on individual preference.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 50

50) Which of the following is not a difference between qualitative and quantitative methods?

Page reference: Some Common Contrasts between Qualitative and Quantitative Research

a. Qualitative research focuses on behavior and quantitative focuses on meaning.

b. Qualitative research focuses on meaning and quantitative focuses on behavior.

c. Quantitative research has a rigid structure and qualitative research has a flexible structure.

d. Qualitative research focuses on developing a contextual understanding whereas quantitative research focuses on developing generalizable knowledge.

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 1

1) Quantitative studies understand the meaning of social life by quantifying patterns and frequencies.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 2

2) Quantitative researchers approach research in an open-ended, iterative way.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 3

3) A feature of quantitative research is that it is associated with objectivity.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 4

4) Content analysis is the most common forms of quantitative data collection.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 5

5) Positivism is the practice of developing conclusions based on careful observation of the social world.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 6

6) Comte argued that sociology should focus on understanding individuals in order to understand broader social patterns.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 7

7) Comte’s approach to sociology only applies to quantitative methodologies.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 8

8) Wodtke (2018) was not able to establish a causal relationship between education and racial attitudes.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 9

9) Experimental research designs are more effective in determining the direction of causal influence than survey research.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 10

10) Sutton and Rafaeli (1992) found that when retail workers were friendlier, their sales were better.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 11

11) Brown and colleagues measured the #SayHerName campaign on Twitter by including all Tweets about Sandra Bland.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 12

12) Font and her team (2018) claimed that their results about youth in the Wisconsin foster care system could be generalized to populations outside of the state.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 13

13) Gathering a representative sample is required for the researcher to have confidence that the outcomes apply to people outside of their sample.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 14

14) The first step in quantitative research is reviewing existing theory

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 15

15) Legewie and Fagan (2019) measured the variable educational performance by using scores from the New York State English Language Arts and Mathematics Test.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 16

16) Because of the small sample size, Rahman and Witenstein were not able to draw conclusions about the impact of bicultural conflict on South Asian American youth.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 17

17) It is not possible to study multidimensional aspects of social life using quantitative methodology.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 18

18) Because quantitative researchers follow the principles of the scientific method when designing and executing their research, objectivity is guaranteed.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 19

19) Zuberi and Bonilla-Silva argue that the social context and the positionality of the researchers influences how researchers study race.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 20

20) According to Weinstein, statistics should be seen as a tool for understanding the social world and it is up to the researcher to ensure that they are using this tool appropriately.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 21

21) Most of the time, researchers can assume that respondents will understand concepts, like race and class, in the same way.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 22

22) Zuberi argues that though statistical social science has a problematic history, today it is largely not impacted by the past.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 23

23) LaPiere’s 1934 study of hotels and restaurants showed that what is reported and what can be observed are not always the same.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 24

24) To avoid confusion, it is always better to measure a concept in one clear way rather than using multiple measures.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 6 Question 25

25) Despite their differences, both quantitative and qualitative research make valued contributions to our understanding of the social world.

a. True

b. False

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 1

1) What are some distinguishing features of quantitative research?

Feedback: Deductive, objective, patterns of relationships, positivism

Section reference: Introduction/Overview

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 2

2) What are some of the methods that quantitative researchers use to collect data? How are they similar and different?

Feedback: Survey, Content Analysis, Existing data

Section reference: Introduction/Overview

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 3

3) What role did quantitative research play in the early development of social science?

Feedback: Comte and his ideas about positivism and the scientific study of people. Also focused on understanding aggregates to see larger patterns. Societal changes of the time.

Section reference: Emergence of Quantitative Approaches

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 4

4) Explain Comte’s four main principles in your own words.

Feedback: Positivism, aggregated focus, complexity of studying human experience, shared language

Section reference: Emergence of Quantitative Approaches

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 5

5) Outline the main goals of quantitative researchers.

Feedback: Connect to the goals of quantitative research here.

Section reference: Main Goals of Quantitative Research

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 6

6) What is causality? What is required in order to determine a causal relationship? Use a research study mentioned in the chapter to support your answer.

Feedback: Causality has to do with one variable causing a change in another. Factors required include identifying a relationship between the variables, time order, and non-spuriousness.

Section reference: Main Goals of Qualitative Research and Box 6.1

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 7

7) Why is it difficult to establish a causal relationship? How do researchers try to establish causality? Explain using an example from the chapter.

Feedback: Outside of an experiment, it is difficult to control for other variables that make influence the relationship. Well-constructed study designs can help establish causal relationships.

Section reference: Main Goals of Qualitative Research

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 8

8) How did Pearman and Swain study neighbourhood gentrification? What did they find? Did they establish a causal relationship? Why or why not?

Feedback: They examined how school choice programs contributed to racial segregation and gentrification. They used data from the ACS, Census, NCES, and SASS. They found that expansion of school choice increased gentrification and that neighbourhoods with higher proportions of residents of colour and a neighbourhood school choice policy had less gentrification. Yes, they were able to control for variables and felt they could find causation.

Section reference: Main Goals of Qualitative Research

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 9

9) Explain what correlation is in your own words.

Feedback: Correlation is a relationship between two variables. It can be positive or negative.

Section reference: Main Goals of Qualitative Research

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 10

10) What relationship did Sutton and Rafaeli hypothesize in their study? What did they find? What explained the relationship they found?

Feedback: They predicted a positive relationship, when retail staff were friendly there would be higher sales. This is not what they found.

Section reference: Mixed Methods in Action

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 11

11) What is a measurement strategy? Give an example from the chapter. Why is precise measurement important in quantitative research?

Feedback: A measurement strategy involves being clear about the concepts that you are studying and carefully defining them to avoid error. Section reference: Precise Measurement and Reducing Errors

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 12

12) What is meant by generalization? Why is this important?

Feedback: It is not possible to collect data from all members of a population, so quantitative researchers want to be sure that their findings from a sample apply to the larger population. The sample must be representative in order to achieve this.

Section reference: Generalization

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 13

13) What must be true in order for a researcher to generalize their results beyond the scope of the population they studied? Was Font et al. able to generalize their results beyond the state of Wisconsin? Why or why not?

Feedback: The sample has to be representative of the larger population that you want to generalize the results to. Font and her team were not able to generalize beyond WI because they were collecting data at one point in time from a specific population in the state. Some of the concepts that emerged from the research could be applied to other populations however.

Section reference: Generalizability

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 14

14) Outline the main steps of quantitative research. Utilize Legewie and Fagan’s research to support your answer.

Feedback: See Figure 6.1

Section reference: Main Steps in Quantitative Research

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 15

15) What is the relationship of theory to the quantitative research process?

Feedback: This type of research is deductive so it starts with theory. Hypotheses are formulated based on the theoretical perspective. The analysis of the data then loops back to the theory.

Section reference: Main Steps in Quantitative Research

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 16

16

Explain using the Rahman and Witenstein (2014) study how quantitative research can be used for an exploratory study. What were their major findings?

Feedback: Rahman and Witenstein used a sample of 95 South Asian American college students to explore bicultural conflicts between the young people and their families. The researchers were limited in being able to generalize their results but were able to explore this topic using their survey data.

Section reference: Methods in Action

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 17

17) What are the benefits of the scientific method in social research? How does it support the goals of quantitative research?

Feedback: The scientific method is an approach to research that consists of observation, measurement, and the formulation and revising of hypotheses. It supports the goal of systematic and consistent research practices analysing the world using prescribed steps. Logical and consistent empirical observation.

Section reference: Systematic Study and the Question of Objectivity

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 18

18) Why do Zuberi and Bonilla-Silva, as well as others, raise questions about the objectivity of quantitative research?

Feedback: They argue that researchers’ identities can not be separated from the ideas they produce.

Section reference: Systematic Study and the Question of Objectivity

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 19

19) What are the challenges faced by quantitative researchers in developing useful measurement strategies? How does LaPiere’s research demonstrate some of these challenges?

Feedback: Ensuring respondents interpret a question in the same way, whether they are asking the right people, whether the instrument is the right tool to measure the research question, consider the origins and applicability of their measurement schemes.

Section reference: Precise and accurate measures and Box 6.2

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 6 Question 20

20) Your campus leadership wants to better understand underage drinking on campus. Make an argument for why a quantitative approach would be the most helpful. How would you propose studying this issue using a quantitative approach, ensuring that you’re measuring the multiple dimensions of this issue?

Feedback: Answers vary Section reference: Chapter