Test Bank

Chapter 10: Psychological disorders

Multiple Choice

1. A drug that produces a schizophrenia-like state is ______.

a. imipramine

b. barbituric acid

c. ketamine

d. chlorpromazine

2. Blockade of postsynaptic dopamine receptors would be predicted to cause which of the following clinical effects?

a. movement disorders

b. blurred vision

c. tremors

d. hypotension

3. The dopamine theory of schizophrenia is supported by which of the following statements?

a. Someone with schizophrenia may have reduced synthesis of dopamine.

b. Drugs that relieve the positive symptoms of schizophrenia are dopamine antagonists.

c. Cocaine is effective as an antipsychotic.

d. The effects of antipsychotics are not seen for several weeks after treatment.

4. Which of the following is TRUE of negative schizophrenia symptoms?

a. Chlorpromazine is effective in treating negative symptoms.

b. Negative symptoms relate to an overactive glutamate system.

c. Paranoia is an example of a negative symptom.

d. Negative symptoms involve the loss feelings.

5. The first phase of schizophrenia is referred to as the ______.

a. prophylactic phase

b. prodromal phase

c. primal phase

d. principal phase

6. Which of the following drugs are most likely to be prescribed for a person with schizophrenia?

a. mescaline

b. atropine

c. nicotine

d. clozapine

7. Which of the following applies to tricyclic antidepressants?

a. They cause release of monoamines.

b. They enhance synthesis of monoamines.

c. They inhibit reuptake of monoamines.

d. They inactivate the enzyme monoamine oxidase.

8. Which of the following is NOT a drug action that appears to be involved in the

antidepressant actions of drugs?

a. blockade of noradrenaline reuptake

b. blockade of serotonin reuptake

c. inhibition of monoamine oxidase

d. stimulation of GABA receptors

9. All of the following are considered symptoms of major depression except ______.

a. hedonia

b. biased thinking

c. altered appetite

d. fatigue

10. Research has found that antidepressant medications ______.

a. increase neurogenesis in the hippocampus

b. decrease neurogenesis in the cortex

c. increase neurogenesis in the putamen

d. decrease neurogenesis in the insula

11. The effect of excess secretion of cortisol on the brain is to ______.

a. increase neuron outgrowth

b. reduce levels of BDNF

c. increase levels of BDNF

d. increase neurogenesis in the hippocampus

12. Which of the following pieces of evidence supports the neurogenic theory of depression?

a. Levels of BDNF in hippocampus of mice decrease after antidepressants.

b. Depression is associated with reduced ventricle volume.

c. Injection of BDNF into the hippocampus has an antidepressant effect.

d. Blocking neurogenesis in mice has an antidepressant effect.

13. Benzodiazepines affect GABA transmission by ______.

a. decreasing the affinity of GABA for the GABA-A receptor

b. increasing the frequency of GABA-A Cl^- channel opening

c. increasing the availability of GABA

d. increasing the duration of GABA-A Cl^- channel opening

14. Which if the following is associated with anxiety?

a. reduced amygdala response to fearful stimuli

b. increased hippocampal response to fearful stimuli

c. increased activation of the insular cortex when attending to internal sensations

d. reduced frontal lobe response when attending to internal sensations

15. A person that experiences a fear of having a panic attack in a social situation is experiencing ______.

a. mania

b. agoraphobia

c. generalized anxiety disorder

d. PTSD

16. Which of the following drugs are most like to be prescribed for a person with anxiety?

a. Haloperidol

b. Chlorpromazine

c. Pentobarbital

d. Prozac

17. Which of the following is NOT considered to be an anxiety disorder?

a. bipolar disorder

b. post-traumatic stress disorder

c. panic disorder

d. obsessive compulsive disorder

18. Which of the following disorders affects more men than women?

a. depression

b. schizophrenia

c. generalised anxiety disorder

d. obsessive compulsive disorder

Short Answer Questions

1. What are advantages and disadvantages associated with classification systems for psychological disorders?

2. Discuss the suggestion that understanding the mechanism of action of drugs at the neuronal level has contributed to our understanding of the causes of psychological disorders.

3. Based on your knowledge of the biological basis of psychological disorders, suggest a new type of drug that, if developed, would be more effective in treating either schizophrenia or depression or anxiety.

4. What role does the environment play in the development of psychological disorders?

5. Compared with traditional antipsychotic drugs what are the benefits of using new generation antipsychotics to treat schizophrenia? How do these advantages relate to the mechanism of action of new generation drugs?