Pretest & Posttest One Group Chapter 5 Exam Prep - Final Test Bank | Statistics for Human Service Evaluation 1e by York by Reginald O. York. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 5: Analyzing Data With Pretest and Posttest Measurements of One Group
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. When you conduct a study using the one group pretest–posttest design and if you did not collect data in a manner to match each person’s pretest scores and posttest scores, you may be able to complete your data analysis with:
a. the Independent samples t Test
b. pearson’s product moment correlation
c. the dependent samples t Test
d. the one-sample t Test
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Analyzing Data with Pretest and Posttest Measurements of One Group Using the Paired t Test, the One-Sample t Test, and the Binomial Test
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. A human service professional is interested in studying whether EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Therapy) is effective in reducing trauma-related symptoms among returning veterans from active combat duty in Afghanistan. Reduction in the scores on the PTSD scale would indicate the therapeutic modality’s effectiveness in reducing trauma related symptoms. Therefore, in this study, the professional would:
a. examine the data to see whether there is a correlation between the pretest and the posttest scores on the PTSD scale
b. examine the data to see if there is statistical significance
c. examine the data to see whether there is statistical significance of the mean difference and whether the posttest scores is higher than the mean of the pretest
d. examine the data to compute the average of the posttest score only
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Analyzing Data With Pretest and Posttest Measurements of One Group Using the Paired t Test, the One-Sample t Test, and the Binomial Test
Difficulty Level: Difficult
3. When you have pretest and posttest measurements on a dichotomous, nominal variable for a group of clients, you will use:
a. the one-sample t Test
b. the paired samples t Test
c. the dependent samples t Test
d. the binomial test.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Analyzing Data With Pretest and Posttest Measurements of One Group Using the Paired t Test, the One-Sample t Test, and the Binomial Test
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. A non-directional hypothesis implies:
a. that the results will fall in one direction
b. that the results will fall in one of the two tails of the distribution
c. that the results will fall into either of the two tails of the distribution
d. that the results will fall in neither of the two tails of the distribution
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The One-Tailed and Two-Tailed t Test and the Directional Hypothesis
Difficulty Level: Difficult
5. In human services, irrespective of the kind of t Test you use in analyzing data, your dependent variable must be measured at the:
a. nominal level
b. ordinal level
c. interval level
d. nominal and ordinal levels
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Selecting the Appropriate Form of the t Test
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. In the report that contains an evaluative study’s findings, it is important to provide information pertaining to:
a. practical significance
b. statistical significance
c. statistical significance and Practical significance
d. details about the data
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Examining Statistical Significance and Practical Significance With the t Test
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. The significance of the p value as the measure for statistical significance resides in the fact that:
a. it reveals the fractional equivalent of the number of times in 100 that your results would occur by chance.
b. a p value of .01 means your data would occur by chance once in 100
c. this result would be rendered statistically insignificant at a p value of .01
d. all the above statements in a–c are true and that there is evidence in support of the research hypothesis
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Statistical Significance
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. With regard to the value of P, it is listed in the Excel and SPSS data analysis programs as:
a. “p” in both the programs
b. “Sig (2-tailed)” in Excel
c. SPSS file lists the value of p as “p”
d. Excel file lists the value of p as “p”, but SPSS reports this value in the column labeled “Sig (2-tailed)”
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Statistical Significance
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. In determining the relevance of the findings of our study for professional human service practice, two important factors must be considered. They are:
a. effect size and sample size
b. the extent to which clients achieved a gain that moved them from one threshold of functioning to another
c. sample size only
d. effect size and the extent to which clients achieved a gain that moved them from one threshold of functioning to another
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Practical Significance
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. An example of a movement from one threshold of functioning to another level of functioning that contributes to the conclusion of practical significance for the effectiveness of the treatment is:
a. when your clients’ mean self-esteem score moved from low self-esteem to moderate self-esteem
b. when your clients’ mean self-esteem score moved from high self-esteem to low self-esteem
c. when your clients’ mean score remains the same
d. when you switched treatment and the client’s self-esteem score decreased
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Thresholds of Functioning
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. The effect size is:
a. the effect of the client’s attitude to treatment
b. the amount of gain in the agency’s funding allocation
c. the amount of gain between the pretest and the posttest scores measured in standard deviations
d. mean difference
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Effect Size
Difficulty Level: Medium
a. That the posttest scores are slightly more than two standard deviations better than the pretest scores.
b. That the posttest scores are slightly more than a standard deviation better than the pretest scores.
c. That the posttest scores are the same as the pretest scores.
d. That the posttest scores are slightly less than the pretest scores.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Reporting the Findings of Your Analysis
Difficulty Level: Difficult
13. When you use one sample t Test using Excel, to make sense of the output to determine the statistical significance of the gain, you will look at:
a. mean Score and effect size
b. effect size and the value of t
c. the value of t
d. mean Score, Effect size, the value of t, and the value of p
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Using Excel for the One-Sample t Test
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. When you use SPSS to compute t using the one-sample t Test, the mean pretest score we are using for comparison is the same as:
a. mean posttest score
b. different from the “Test value” required by SPSS
c. same as the threshold score used in Excel, but different from the “Test value” required by SPSS
d. same as the threshold value used in Excel and the “Test value” required by SPSS
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Using SPSS for the One-Sample t Test
Difficulty Level: High
15. You compute the effect size by:
a. finding the difference between the mean posttest score and the mean pretest score
b. dividing the difference between the mean posttest score and the mean pretest score by the standard deviation of the posttest scores
c. subtracting the mean pretest score by the standard deviation of the posttest scores
d. adding the mean pretest score to the standard deviation of the posttest scores
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Using SPSS for the One-Sample t Test
Difficulty Level: Difficult
16. According to Cohen, the effect size of 1.0 is considered to be:
a. a small effect size
b. a medium effect size
c. a large effect size
d. an insignificant effect size
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Using SPSS for the One-Sample t Test
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. You can measure client success for variables of nominal dichotomous level:
a. through any of the t Tests
b. by comparing an array of data to a threshold proportion
c. by calculating the proportion of successful students in the pretest period
d. by calculating the proportion of successful students in the posttest period
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Testing Your Hypothesis With the Binomial Test When You Have Pretest and Posttest Measurements of a Dichotomous Variable
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. The task of statistical analysis by conducting a binomial test is to:
a. to determine whether the improvement in the proportion is statistically significant
b. that the improvement cannot be easily explained by chance
c. that there is practical improvement
d. to determine whether the improvement in the proportion is statistically significant and that the improvement cannot be easily explained by chance
19. The Excel file for the binomial test included in this text requires which of the following to conduct the test?
a. the proportion that serves as the threshold for comparison
b. the number of people who were successful during the posttest
c. the total number of people in the posttest data
d. a, b, & c
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Testing Your Hypothesis With the Binomial Test When You Have Pretest and Posttest Measurements of a Dichotomous Variable
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
1. The hypothesis that “liberal and non-liberal students will have different levels of aptitude for success” indicate that this is a directional hypothesis.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The One-Tailed and Two-Tailed t Test and the Directional Hypothesis
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. In a directional hypothesis, the one-tailed t Test is used.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The One-Tailed and Two-Tailed t Test and the Directional Hypothesis
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. With regard to testing directional and non-directional hypothesis, SPSS has the one-tailed test as the default.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The One-Tailed and Two-Tailed t Test and the Directional Hypothesis
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. You cannot have statistical significance without practical significance.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Examining Statistical Significance and Practical Significance With the t Test
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Examining practical significance helps in professional decision-making regarding the use and effectiveness of an intervention.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Practical Significance
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. It is important to note that there are various forms of computing the effect size and the effect size is computed differently for the different forms of the t Test.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Effect Size
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Using the data from Cohen listed in your text, for a one-group pretest–posttest design, an effect size of 0 would mean that there was no gain from the pretest scores to posttest scores.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Effect Size
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. In SPSS, the output for the t Tests provide, among other information, the mean difference, the standard error of the mean, degrees of freedom, and the 95% confidence level. Most importantly, the value of t is given under the heading “t,” and the value of p is given under the heading of “Sig (2-tailed).” Even if the value of is a negative value, in the report of the analysis, the negative sign is ignored, reporting the t-statistic as a number without any negative sign in front of it.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Using SPSS for the Paired-samples t Test
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. In examining for practical significance in the output of your data analysis for one sample t Test, you may examine the difference between the mean posttest score and the threshold score in addition to examining the effect size.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Using Excel for the One-Sample t Test
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. Figures computed in SPSS are always identical to those in Excel.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Using SPSS for the One-Sample t Test
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. In reporting the findings of your analysis for the t Tests, it is important to report the sample size, the mean posttest score, the value of t, and the value of p.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Reporting the Findings of Your Analysis
Difficulty Level: Easy
Short Answer
1. Explain the significance of the p value reported as “p < .01” as a result of a binomial test.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Using Excel for the Binomial test
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Explain how you will handle instances when your sample size is so small that only a large magnitude of gain will show up as statistically significant?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Using the Binomial test for the Posttest-Only Design
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Explain the importance of Binomial test for the posttest only design in human services evaluation.
(answer can be substantiated with examples from the text or internship)
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Using the Binomial test for the Posttest-Only Design
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
1. Explain what “Directional” and “Non-Directional” hypotheses mean. Provide examples.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge and application
Answer Location: The One-Tailed and Two-Tailed t Test and the Directional Hypothesis
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Document Information
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Final Test Bank | Statistics for Human Service Evaluation 1e by York
By Reginald O. York
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