Ch3 | Test Bank Docx – Selecting A Statistic To Answer Your

Chapter 3: Selecting a Statistic to Answer Your Research Question

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. The mean is:

a. a comparison statistic

b. a statistic of correlation

c. a descriptive statistic

d. an estimation of frequency

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Selecting a Statistic to Answer Your Research Question

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Your county Social Services Agency is evaluating its mental health program to examine the improvement in the life satisfaction of a group of clients participating in a 10-week Animal Assisted Group Therapy program. The data for this study require:

a. the mean score for the well-being scale that was administered before the animal-assisted therapy was administered and the mean score for the well-being scale at the end of the therapy

b. only the pretest score on the well-being scale

c. only the posttest score on the well-being scale

d. only the number of sessions of animal-assisted therapy

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Selecting a Statistic to Answer Your Research Question

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. An evaluative study in which before and after data are compared requires:

a. the level of association between the independent and the dependent variable

b. the calculation of a statistic that tells whether there was improvement that cannot easily be explained by chance.

c. the number of participants

d. the number of professionals offering the treatment

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Selecting a Statistic to Answer Your Research Question

Difficulty Level: High

4. In evaluative studies that measure the impact of a service on a group of individuals, it is important to collect data on:

a. only the group that is participating in the treatment

b. each individual participating in the treatment

c. the agency that offers the service

d. the agency that funded the service

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Selecting a Statistic to Answer Your Research Question

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. A t Test that is helpful in comparing a set of scores on a variable measured at the interval level, to a single score that serves as a threshold of functioning is:

a. the independent samples t Test

b. t Test for paired data

c. one-sample t Test

d. anova

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Selecting a Statistic to Answer Your Research Question

Difficulty Level: High

6. A statement that higher the number of therapy sessions attended, greater will be the scores on self-esteem is:

a. a description of the sample

b. a directional statement

c. a non-directional hypothesis

d. a directional hypothesis

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Selecting a Statistic to Answer Your Research Question

Difficulty Level: High

7. Descriptive analysis is concerned with:

a. establishing statistical significance

b. establishing funding priorities

c. describing the people in your study

d. reporting the sentiments of the subjects beyond the scope of the study

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Selecting a Statistic to Answer Your Research Question

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. When you study a sample of subjects and make inferences to a larger population for whom you hold the results of your study to be relevant, you are engaging in:

a. descriptive research

b. evaluative research

c. explanatory research

d. evaluative and explanatory research

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Selecting a Statistic to Answer Your Research Question

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. When you are analyzing data for a descriptive study:

a. you will examine many variables at once

b. you will examine one variable at a time

c. you will combine variables to compute a score

d. you will transform variables to create an interval level variable

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Finding a Descriptive Statistic

Difficulty Level: Difficult

10. The lowest level of measurement is:

a. Ratio

b. ordinal

c. nominal

d. interval

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Finding a Descriptive Statistic

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Any of the statistics that can be used for the nominal level can be used for the ordinal level of measurement when relevant, in addition to:

a. mode

b. median

c. Range

d. median and range

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Finding a Descriptive Statistic

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Frequencies and proportions can be used for:

a. summarizing

b. describing

c. summarizing and describing

d. inferring

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Finding a Descriptive Statistic

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Whenever feasible, the process of evaluation of the human services involves the use of two groups. The assignment and the use of the two groups generally include:

a. comparing the gain scores of a group of clients who received the treatment/service at one time with another group that received the treatment/service in a different agency 10 years ago

b. comparing the pretest and posttest scores of a group of people before and after the treatment/service

c. comparing the pretest and posttest scores of a group of people who did not receive the service/treatment

d. comparing the gain scores of a group of clients who received the treatment/service with the scores of a group of clients who did not receive the treatment/ service

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Finding a Statistic to Test Your Hypothesis in Evaluative Research

Difficulty Level: High

14. A good way to describe a null hypothesis is that:

a. there will be a difference between scores or correlations among your variables

b. there will not be a difference between scores among your variables

c. it states that the descriptive summary of the sample would be sufficient to show the relationship between your variables

d. it states that there will be a statistically significant difference between scores or correlations among your variables

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Study Hypothesis

Difficulty Level: High

15. In articulating the outcome objective of the evaluation process it is useful to distinguish between:

a. concepts related to service process

b. concepts related to client outcome

b. concepts related to service process and client outcome

d. concepts related to the delivery of a service only

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Articulating the Outcome Objective

Difficulty Level: High

16. A statement such as, “We will be inclusive and respectful of client needs in the delivery of human services” is an example of:

a. an outcome statement

b. a process statement

c. a process and an outcome statement

d. neither a process nor an outcome statement

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Articulating the Outcome Objective

Difficulty Level: High

17. A statement such as, “The client’s anxiety level will be reduced as measured by the scores on the chosen anxiety scale” is an example of:

a. a goal statement

b. a process statement

c. a process and an outcome statement

d. an outcome statement

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Articulating the Outcome Objective

Difficulty Level: High

18. One of the ways in which the dependent variable of evaluative research studies can be characterized is:

a. it is the measure of the treatment provided

b. it is a measure of the quality of the treatment

c. it is a measure of the client outcome

d. it is a measure of the resources allocated

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Articulating the Study Hypothesis

Difficulty Level: High

True/False

1. Inferential statistics are used to describe a sample and apply it to a population even in the absence of a random sample.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Selecting a Statistic to Answer Your Research Question

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. When you use inferential statistics, you are describing a social phenomenon.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Selecting a Statistic to Answer Your Research Question

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Reporting the mean age of the sample of your study is descriptive statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Selecting a Statistic to Answer Your Research Question

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Questions such as whether your clients achieve a statistically significant improvement in the attribute/behavior that the study is attempting to show an improvement in—is the kind of question that requires the application of descriptive statistics.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Selecting a Statistic to Answer Your Research Question

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Nominal level of measurement involves placing subjects into categories that have order.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Finding a Descriptive Statistic

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Ordinal level of measurement involves placing subjects into categories that have order.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Finding a Descriptive Statistic

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. In interval level of measurement, units of measurement are given a score or some other numerical value.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Finding a Descriptive Statistic

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. For the human service professional, the essence of data analysis is the evaluation of client outcome.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Finding a Statistic to Test Your Hypothesis in Evaluative Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. It is not important to articulate an outcome objective when conducting evaluative research.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Finding a Statistic to Test Your Hypothesis in Evaluative Research

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. It is fair to say that a study hypothesis is a statement of the predicted outcome of the data analysis.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Study Hypothesis

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Evaluation of human services is a complex and a methodical process which requires a series of questions that the researcher needs to answer before choosing a statistical test for analyzing the data.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Things to Do Before You Seek a Statistic for an Evaluative Hypothesis

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. The author of your textbook recommends that you include all the dependent variables that you measure for your study in one hypothesis.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Articulating the Study Hypothesis

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. It can be said when referring to the differences between the evaluative and the explanatory study, that an evaluative study merely attempts to explain variables by examining their relationship, while an explanatory study only examines the effectiveness of services.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Determining Your Data Structure for Testing the Evaluative Hypothesis

Difficulty Level: High

Short Answer

1. Provide an example to illustrate the difference between an evaluative study and the explanatory study.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Determining Your Data Structure for Testing the Evaluative Hypothesis

Difficulty Level: High

2. Explain the importance of knowing the research design that is to be employed an evaluating human service?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What is Your Evaluative Research Design?

Difficulty Level: High

3. Evaluation of human services is a complex and a methodical process which requires a series of questions that the researcher needs to answer before choosing a statistical test for analyzing the data. Report at least two important factors that need to be taken into consideration.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Things to Do Before You Seek a Statistic for an Evaluative Hypothesis

Difficulty Level: High

Essay

1. Please explain your understanding of the importance of constructing the relevant research design for your study.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: What is Your Evaluative Research Design?

Difficulty Level: High