Populations nan Chapter 18 Verified Test Bank

Biology: The Essentials, 3e (Hoefnagels)

Chapter 18 Populations

1) A group of organisms of one species occupying a geographical location at the same time is a

A) population.

B) community.

C) peer group.

D) flock.

E) herd.

2) The physical location where an organism lives is termed its

A) home boundary.

B) range.

C) habitat.

D) community.

E) ecosystem.

3) All of the organisms in a given location or area are termed a

A) peer group.

B) flock.

C) community.

D) population.

E) herd.

4) The study of the relationships among organisms and the environment is

A) ethology.

B) habitology.

C) ergonomics.

D) ecology.

E) geology.

5) The number of individuals of a species per unit area or volume of habitat is

A) carrying capacity.

B) population density.

C) a community.

D) population distribution.

E) population dynamics.

6) The number of new individuals produced per unit time in a population is its

A) immigration rate.

B) emigration rate.

C) death rate.

D) birth rate.

E) expatriation rate.

7) The number of individuals that die in a population per unit time is its

A) immigration rate.

B) emigration rate.

C) death rate.

D) birth rate.

E) expatriation rate.

8) A population age structure diagram depicting an equal number of individuals in each age group suggests that the population is

A) stable.

B) growing.

C) declining.

D) facing extinction.

E) very small.

9) In a survivorship curve, a type I species, like a human or elephant, is a species that has

A) an equal probability of dying at any age.

B) the highest probability of dying as it reaches its maximum life span.

C) a strong possibility of becoming extinct in a relatively short period of time.

D) an extremely short life span.

E) the highest probability of dying at a very young age.

10) In a survivorship curve, a type II species, like a song bird, is a species that has

A) an equal probability of dying at any age.

B) a strong possibility of becoming extinct in a relatively short period of time.

C) the highest probability of dying as it reaches its maximum life span.

D) an extremely short life span.

E) the highest probability of dying at a very young age.

11) In a survivorship curve, a type III species, like most insects and plants, is a species that has

A) an equal probability of dying at any age.

B) a strong possibility of becoming extinct in a relatively short period of time.

C) the highest probability of dying at a very young age.

D) the highest probability of dying as it reaches its maximum life span.

E) an extremely long life span.

12) The maximum number of individuals that a habitat can support indefinitely is the habitat's

A) density dispersion.

B) carrying capacity.

C) growth capacity.

D) environmental load.

E) dispersion capacity.

13) In regards to a species' life history, opportunistic species

A) are long-lived.

B) provide extensive care for their offspring.

C) are limited primarily by carrying capacity.

D) reproduce later in life.

E) produce many offspring.

14) In regards to a species' life history, equilibrium species

A) have only a few offspring.

B) are short-lived.

C) reproduce at an early age.

D) have a large number of offspring.

E) give very little care to their offspring.

15) A human population with a large percentage of pre-reproductive individuals is common in

A) less-developed countries and will most likely increase in size.

B) more-developed countries and will most likely increase in size.

C) less-developed countries and will most likely decrease in size.

D) more-developed countries and will most likely decrease in size.

E) more-developed countries and will not effect the population size.

16) A human population with a large percentage of post-reproductive individuals is common in

A) less-developed countries and will most likely increase in size.

B) more-developed countries and will most likely increase in size.

C) more-developed countries and will most likely decrease in size.

D) less-developed countries and will most likely decrease in size.

E) No answer is correct.

17) Predation of deer by wolves is an example of a

A) density-independent limit.

B) density-codependent limit.

C) density-dependent limit.

D) death-dependent factor.

E) death-independent factor.

18) An example of a density-independent factor that affects a population's growth is

A) insects eating your tomato plants.

B) your tomato plants competing for water.

C) a fungus infecting your tomato plants.

D) frost killing all of your tomato plants.

E) All answers are correct.

19) In 2010, India had a population of 1,170,000,000, a birth rate of 0.027, and a death rate of 0.013. What was the growth rate of India's population?

A) 0.027

B) 0.013

C) 0.014

D) 0.040

E) 0.001

20) In 2010, India had a population of 1,170,000,000, a birth rate of 0.027, and a death rate of 0.013. Approximately how much did the Indian population grow in 2010?

A) 170,000,000

B) 1,700,000

C) 170,000

D) 17,000,000

E) 17,000

Source: Data from U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base

21) Based upon the age structure diagram, you expect the Indian population to

A) grow because all of the age classes have roughly equal proportions of people.

B) grow then shrink because many of the people will be entering the postreproductive years.

C) grow because a large proportion of the population will be entering the reproductive years.

D) grow then decline because a lower proportion of individuals are in prereproductive age classes.

E) No answer is correct.

22) Based upon the age structure diagram, you expect the Chinese population to

A) grow because all of the age classes have roughly equal proportions of people.

B) grow then shrink because many of the people will be entering the post-reproductive years.

C) grow because a large proportion of the population will be entering the reproductive years.

D) grow then decline because a lower proportion of individuals are in prereproductive age classes.

E) No answer is correct.

23) Based upon the age structure diagram, you expect the American population to

A) grow because all of the age classes have roughly equal proportions of people.

B) grow then shrink because many of the people will be entering the post-reproductive years.

C) grow because a large proportion of the population will be entering the reproductive years.

D) grow then decline because a lower proportion of individuals are in prereproductive age classes.

E) No answer is correct.

24) Which best describes the link between survivorship curves and opportunistic species?

A) Opportunistic species are limited by density-dependent factors and have few offspring.

B) Opportunistic species are limited by density-independent factors and have few offspring.

C) Opportunistic species are limited by density-independent factors and have many offspring.

D) Opportunistic species are limited by density-dependent factors and have many offspring.

E) No answer is correct.

25) Researchers studying guppies in Trinidad found that guppies in streams with high predation reproduced earlier and more frequently. Which of the following is most important in driving the guppies to change their life history in face of predation?

A) The guppies are an equilibrium species.

B) The guppies are an opportunistic species.

C) Density-independent factors affect the guppy populations.

D) Density-dependent factors affect the guppy populations.

E) Sexual selection affects the guppy populations.

26) Why have human growth rates increased the most in developing countries in the past 50 years?

A) Death rates have fallen more slowly than birth rates.

B) Death rates have gone up faster than birth rates.

C) Death rates have fallen faster than birth rates.

D) Death rates have gone up more slowly than birth rates.

E) Death rates have remained the same and birth rates have decreased.

27) A country's ecological footprint can be calculated by multiplying its population size by the footprint of each individual. Why are some ecologists concerned about the ecological footprint of a country like India?

A) Its population is increasing.

B) The birth rate is decreasing.

C) Its land availability is increasing.

D) Its population and land area are increasing.

E) Its birth rate is decreasing and its land area is increasing.

28) When exponential growth is plotted over time an S-shaped curve emerges.

29) When exponential growth is plotted over time a J-shaped curve emerges.

30) The maximum number of individuals of a population that a habitat can support indefinitely is its carrying capacity.

31) The overall human population growth rate is steadily increasing each year.

32) Conditions whose growth-limiting effects increase as a population grows are density-independent factors.

33) Which of the following is not a characteristic for an organism with an opportunistic life history?

A) High reproduction rate

B) Many offspring

C) Each offspring receives extensive parental care

D) Low survival rate for juveniles

E) Early reproduction maturity

34) Based on the information provided, which of these would not be considered a species with an equilibrium life history?

A) Elephants have 1 calf every 3 years.

B) Dolphins provide extensive care for their offspring.

C) Humans have a late maturity age of approximately 14 years.

D) Spiders lay egg sacks and do not return to care for their young.

E) Bears exhibit a type I survivorship curve.

35) Ecologists study

A) prokaryotes only.

B) eukaryotes only.

C) interactions between all organisms.

D) plants and animals only.

E) animals only.

36) Which falls outside the study of ecology?

A) spread of disease

B) predator-prey relationships

C) invasive plant species

D) bonds of DNA

E) land management

37) Which is an example of an aquatic ecosystem?

A) fishes, snails, crabs, water, and salinity

B) fishes, snails, and crabs only

C) both water and salinity

D) water only

E) salinity only

38) Which of the following is an example of an aquatic community?

A) fishes, snails, crabs, water, and salinity

B) fishes, snails, and crabs only

C) both water and salinity

D) water only

E) salinity only

39) Oysters and many other mollusks produce many offspring of which only a few survive to adulthood and then have little risk of predation with their strong adult shells. Oysters are an example of an organism with a type ________ survivorship curve.

A) 0

B) I

C) II

D) III

E) IV

40) Hydra, a type of cnidarian, have equal survival rates through life because they are equally fit at all stages. Hydra are an example of an organism with a type ________ survivorship curve.

A) 0

B) I

C) II

D) III

E) IV

41) A density-independent factor is one that affects population without regard to the number of individuals per area.

42) If a species of fruit fly needs a minimum amount of leaf surface area for mating, once there are enough fruit flies to occupy all mating spaces, the population is at carrying capacity.

43) If a species of guppy lives in a stream where there is more food than they need, they are at carrying capacity.

44) If there are 10 tortoises on a 2 hectare island, the population density is 5 tortoises per hectare.

45) If a scientist sees 20 finches in 3 trees where they nest at 5 p.m., the population density is 4.

46) Which level includes all the other levels?

A) organisms

B) population

C) ecosystem

D) biosphere

E) community

47) The ________ measures the amount of land needed to support a country's overall lifestyle.

A) ecological footprint

B) carrying capacity

C) life table

D) survivorship curve

E) age structure

48) In the Investigating Life, researchers discovered that Mollies produced the most offspring in

A) light, nontoxic water.

B) light, toxic water.

C) dark, nontoxic water.

D) dark, toxic water.

E) All answer choices are correct since the amount of light or toxins didn't affect the number of offspring.

49) Water accounts for about half of the ecological footprint.

50) Density-independent factors are abiotic.