Ch17 Evolution And Diversity Of Animals Test Bank Answers

Biology: The Essentials, 3e (Hoefnagels)

Chapter 17 Evolution and Diversity of Animals

1) The "Cambrian explosion" refers to the

A) mass extinction of dinosaurs.

B) origination of most major phyla of animals.

C) development of the first true cell.

D) origination of life.

E) creation of Earth.

2) The Mesozoic era lasted from

A) 65 million years ago to 2 million years ago.

B) 500 million years ago to 250 million years ago.

C) 250 million years ago to 65 million years ago.

D) 540 million years ago to 250 million years ago.

E) one billion years ago to 500 million years ago.

3) How do scientists believe that an asteroid impact in the Yucatán peninsula of Central America caused a worldwide mass extinction?

A) by blocking the sun and inhibiting photosynthesis

B) by using up all of the oxygen in the atmosphere

C) most of the animals in the world were in the tropics of Central America

D) by causing massive floods

E) by heating up the planet

4) Characteristics shared by primates include

A) flat nails instead of claws.

B) grasping hands with opposable thumbs.

C) binocular vision and excellent depth perception.

D) large brain size in comparison to body size.

E) All answers are correct.

5) A skeleton has a foramen magnum tucked beneath the skull; this indicates that the skeletal remains are of a

A) chimpanzee.

B) human.

C) lesser ape.

D) gorilla.

E) All answers are correct.

6) Hominids include

A) humans.

B) orangutans.

C) chimpanzees.

D) gorillas.

E) All answers are correct.

7) Swinging from one arm to the other with the body dangling below is

A) bipedalism.

B) brachiation.

C) "knuckle walking."

D) quadrupedalism.

E) All answers are correct.

8) The closest living relatives to humans on the evolutionary tree are

A) gibbons.

B) gorillas.

C) orangutans.

D) homo erectus.

E) chimpanzees.

9) A skeleton has a foramen magnum near the rear of the skull; this indicates the skeletal remains may be those of 

A) a chimpanzee.

B) a gorilla.

C) a chimpanzee or a gorilla.

D) human.

10) Scientists use DNA to track the migration of humans across the planet. After a group migrates away from their ancestral homeland, any mutations that occur are not mixed with those left in the ancestral population. Therefore, DNA samples taken from ________ would have the most unique mutations, representing the most recent population to migrate to a new area.

A) Africa

B) Asia

C) Australia

D) Europe

E) the Americas

11) Which of the following enabled Homo sapiens to develop complex cultures unlike other members of the Homo genus?

A) the ability to walk upright

B) the development of agriculture

C) the ability to migrate out of Africa

D) changes in skin color

E) the ability to use stone tools

12) An invertebrate is an animal that

A) does not have a backbone.

B) has a backbone.

C) has a complete digestive tract.

D) has an incomplete digestive tract.

E) does not have true tissues.

13) A vertebrate is an animal that

A) has a complete digestive tract.

B) does not have a backbone.

C) has a backbone.

D) has an incomplete digestive tract.

E) does not have true tissues.

14) Which of the following characteristics do all animals share?

A) They are single-celled eukaryotes.

B) They are multicellular prokaryotes.

C) They are multicellular eukaryotes.

D) They are single-celled prokaryotes.

E) No answer is correct.

15) Which of the following is found in a group other than animals?

A) They have cell walls.

B) They have a developmental stage called a blastula.

C) They are multicellular eukaryotes.

D) They are heterotrophs.

E) They secrete and bind to an extracellular matrix.

16) If you were looking at a model of a sphere of animal cells with a hollow, fluid-filled center, you would identify it as a

A) gastrovascular cavity.

B) blastula.

C) coelom.

D) gastrula.

E) hydrostatic skeleton.

17) The embryonic germ layer of tissue in animals that develops into the skin and nervous system is the

A) pachyderm.

B) endoderm.

C) mesoderm.

D) protoderm.

E) ectoderm.

18) The embryonic germ layer of tissue in animals that develops into the digestive tract and organs derived from the digestive tract is the

A) pachyderm.

B) ectoderm.

C) mesoderm.

D) endoderm.

E) protoderm.

19) If asked to point in a photograph to the part of a fruit fly embryo that develops into the muscles and reproductive system, you would point to the

A) pachyderm.

B) ectoderm.

C) mesoderm.

D) endoderm.

E) protoderm.

20) When examining a picture of a jellyfish, you notice that if a mirror is placed in any orientation so that one end of the mirror touches the top of the jellyfish and the other end touches the mouth, the mirror shows the other half of the jellyfish. Therefore, you conclude that the jellyfish has 

A) longitudinal symmetry.

B) mirrored symmetry.

C) bilateral symmetry.

D) radial symmetry.

E) asymmetry.

21) When examining a picture of a butterfly, you notice that there is one position in which a mirror, running from one end of the butterfly to the other, completes the image as a whole butterfly. You conclude that the butterfly has 

A) radial symmetry.

B) bilateral symmetry.

C) longitudinal symmetry.

D) mirrored symmetry.

E) asymmetry.

22) A fluid-filled body cavity that forms completely within the mesoderm of animals is a

A) coelom.

B) blastula.

C) pseudocoelom.

D) protostome.

E) deuterostome.

23) Which of the following does not have a true coelom?

A) earthworm

B) snail

C) flatworm

D) sea star

E) insect

24) Sponges belong to the phylum

A) Porifera.

B) Cnidaria.

C) Platyhelminthes.

D) Nematoda.

E) Annelida.

25) Corals and jellyfish belong to the phylum

A) Porifera.

B) Cnidaria.

C) Platyhelminthes.

D) Nematoda.

E) Annelida.

26) Cnidarians are animals found in ________ environments.

A) land-dwelling

B) tree-dwelling

C) desert

D) aquatic

E) All answers are correct.

27) All cnidarians share the ability to do which of the following?

A) photosynthesize

B) secrete a thick mantle that sometimes forms a shell

C) sting predators and prey

D) live on land

E) fly

28) Flukes and tapeworms belong to the phylum

A) Platyhelminthes.

B) Cnidaria.

C) Porifera.

D) Nematoda.

E) Annelida.

29) Platyhelminthes include which of the following organisms?

A) flukes

B) jellyfish

C) sponges

D) insects

E) mollusks

30) Snails and squids belong to the phylum

A) Cnidaria.

B) Porifera.

C) Platyhelminthes.

D) Mollusca.

E) Annelida.

31) A mollusk with multiple arms for locomotion and grabbing prey is a

A) gastropod.

B) cephalopod.

C) bivalve.

D) chiton.

E) fluke.

32) A circulatory system that keeps blood confined within vessels after leaving the heart is a(n)

A) closed circulatory system.

B) gastrovascular cavity.

C) open circulatory system.

D) incomplete circulatory system.

E) complete circulatory system.

33) A circulatory system in which the heart pumps blood to tissues throughout the body cavity is a(n)

A) closed circulatory system.

B) gastrovascular cavity.

C) incomplete circulatory system.

D) complete circulatory system.

E) open circulatory system.

34) Leeches and earthworms belong to the phylum

A) Porifera.

B) Mollusca.

C) Annelida.

D) Nematoda.

E) Platyhelminthes.

35) Pinworms and hookworms belong to the phylum

A) Nematoda.

B) Annelida.

C) Platyhelminthes.

D) Porifera.

E) Cnidaria.

36) You have discovered a new worm-like animal. You are convinced it is not a nematode because it

A) has a complete digestive tract.

B) is unsegmented.

C) has bilateral symmetry.

D) has a coelom.

E) has tapered ends.

37) Spiders and scorpions belong to the phylum

A) Cnidaria.

B) Echinodermata.

C) Annelida.

D) Mollusca.

E) Arthropoda.

38) What are the three major body regions of many arthropods?

A) head, thorax, and abdomen

B) head, abdomen, and legs

C) head, thorax, and legs

D) head, gastrovascular cavity, and thorax

E) head, gills, and legs

39) The most successful phylum with regards to diversity and numbers is

A) Mollusca.

B) Nematoda.

C) Platyhelminthes.

D) Arthropoda.

E) Echinodermata.

40) Sea cucumbers and sea urchins belong to the phylum

A) Cnidaria.

B) Arthropoda.

C) Echinodermata.

D) Nematoda.

E) Mollusca.

41) If asked on an exam to give a property not found in the echinoderms, which would you write on the exam?

A) They exhibit cephalization.

B) Adults exhibit radial symmetry.

C) Larvae exhibit bilateral symmetry.

D) They have a complete digestive tract.

E) They have spiny skin.

42) Which is a characteristic of the phylum Chordata?

A) They do not have true tissues.

B) They have a gastrula with only two germ layers.

C) They have radial symmetry.

D) They have a notochord.

E) They have a pseudocoelom.

43) A tunicate is a(n)

A) invertebrate chordate.

B) vertebrate.

C) echinoderm.

D) amphibian.

E) fish.

44) A lancelet is a(n)

A) invertebrate chordate.

B) vertebrate.

C) echinoderm.

D) amphibian.

E) fish.

45) A bony or cartilaginous structure that surrounds and protects the brain of chordates is a(n)

A) cranium.

B) notochord.

C) amnion.

D) vertebra.

E) jaw.

46) The function of vertebrae is to

A) protect the nerve chord only.

B) provide attachment points for muscles only.

C) both protect the nerve cord and provide attachment points for muscles.

D) protect the brain only.

E) both protect the brain and nerve cord.

47) You are given temperature data showing that a newly discovered animal has the same body temperature as long as the temperature of the room in which the animal is found remains constant. When the room temperature varies, the animal shows a similar variation in its temperature. You are looking at data from a(n) 

A) thermophile.

B) mesophile.

C) mammal.

D) endotherm.

E) ectotherm.

48) An animal that maintains its body temperature by using heat generated from its own metabolism is a(n)

A) endotherm.

B) ectotherm.

C) thermophile.

D) mesophile.

E) invertebrate.

49) Which is a characteristic of hagfishes?

A) They have both a cranium and skeleton made of bone.

B) They have a cranium made of cartilage.

C) They have a cranium made of bone and vertebrae made of cartilage.

D) They have a cranium made of bone but lack vertebrae.

E) They have vertebrae made of cartilage but lack a cranium.

50) What was most key in the transition of fish into amphibians?

A) limbs only

B) both lungs and limbs

C) lungs only

D) fins only

E) both lungs and fins

51) Which of the following is a jawless fish?

A) skate

B) shark

C) tuna

D) salmon

E) lamprey

52) Which of the following is a cartilaginous fish?

A) shark

B) tuna

C) salmon

D) lungfish

E) catfish

53) Which of the following is a lobe-finned fish?

A) stingray

B) lamprey

C) eel

D) lungfish

E) shark

54) Which of the following is an amphibian?

A) turtle

B) lizard

C) toad

D) octopus

E) coelacanth

55) You are helping to prepare images for a textbook when you see a caption saying "first land vertebrates," so you look for pictures of 

A) amphibians.

B) reptiles.

C) tortoises.

D) lampreys.

E) lungfish.

56) Which characteristic would exclude an animal from being an amphibian?

A) lungs

B) a cartilaginous skeleton

C) ectothermic temperature regulation

D) "jellylike" eggs

E) vertebrae

57) Which is a characteristic of reptiles?

A) They have gills.

B) They are endotherms.

C) They have skeletons composed of cartilage.

D) They are ectotherms with lungs.

E) They lack a coelom.

58) Birds are classified as

A) reptiles.

B) mammals.

C) amphibians.

D) fishes.

E) invertebrate chordates.

59) Which of the following is not a reptile?

A) bat

B) snake

C) crocodile

D) turtle

E) penguin

60) Which of the following is not classified as a mammal?

A) dolphin

B) platypus

C) kangaroo

D) penguin

E) whale

61) Which of the following is a characteristic of annelids?

A) incomplete digestive tract

B) radial symmetry

C) cephalization

D) psuedocoelom

E) All of the answer choices are characteristics of annelids.

62) Cnidarian bodies are one of two forms. A(n) ________ consists of a sessile stalk with tentacles on one end. A(n) ________ is a free-swimming, bell-shaped, "tentacles-down" body form with a single opening forming the mouth.

A) cephalization; amnion

B) amnion; medusa

C) amnion; polyp

D) polyp; medusa

E) medusa; polyp

63) Flatworms are very thin and can exchange materials across their surface. Flatworms lack which of the following anatomical systems?

A) respiratory

B) nervous

C) digestive

D) movement

E) excretion

64) Octopuses and squids are cephalopods and are members of which group?

A) echinoderms

B) arthropods

C) amphibians

D) cnidarians

E) mollusks

65) Which of the following is a trait shared by mammals and reptiles that is not shared by the other groups of chordates?

A) hair

B) mammary glands

C) an amnion

D) legs

E) lungs

66) Which were the first vertebrates to appear on land?

A) amphibians

B) nonavian reptiles

C) birds

D) mammals

E) fish

67) In the Investigating Life, the observation that Tiktaalik had both gills and lungs suggests that it could absorb

A) oxygen from the air.

B) oxygen from both the air and water.

C) oxygen from the water.

D) food from the water.

E) both food and oxygen from the water.

68) The early amphibian Tiktaalik either crawled or paddled in shallow tropical streams about 380 mya, during the late Devonian period. These shallow waters often became anaerobic. What selective advantage did Tiktaalik have under these conditions?

A) It could lift its head out of the water and breathe air through its gills.

B) It could crawl out of the water and walk over to new shallow streams.

C) It could swim better than fish.

D) It could crawl on shore and feed on birds and reptiles that were on land.

E) It could breathe air through its lungs.

69) Some animals are autotrophs.

70) If you were eating sea urchin and starfish soup, you would be eating echinoderms.

71) When asked to analyze a sample of marine life, you notice the animal has an incomplete digestive tract, stinging cells, and swims by propeling water through itself. You conclude that you are observing a cnidarian polyp.

72) Nematodes are protected from environmental hazards in part by their cuticle.

73) Segmentation is easy to observe in the cuticle of a nematode.

74) Sharp slivers, called ________, are made of silica or calcium carbonate and provide sponges with support.

A) spicules

B) pores

C) collar cells    

D) amoebocytes

E) No answer is correct.

75) If you were able to remove the ________ from the sponge, you would destroy its filtering system.

A) spicules

B) cnidocytes

C) collar cells

D) amoebocytes

E) protein fibers

76) Some sponges have spicules made of calcium carbonate.

77) Flatworms have complete digestive tracts.

78) If you had found a flattened worm with bilateral symmmetry, you would know that you had found a flatworm.

79) At the beach, you find an animal with a two-part shell, a muscular foot, and a radula. You conclude that you have found a mollusk.

80) Most mollusks have an open circulatory system that keeps blood in specialized vessels as the blood flows throughout the body.

81) If you found a worm with obvious segments and a complete digestive tract, you might conclude that it was an annelid. 

82) Arthropoda means "jointed foot."

83) Sea cucumbers belong to the plant kingdom.

84) An internal membrane in chordates that protects the developing fetus is the notochord.

85) Which of the following is not an animal?

A) penguin

B) mushroom

C) shrimp

D) sponge

E) spider

86) Though animals are very diverse, some features are only found in nonanimals. Which of the following is not a feature of animals?

A) Animals are unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes.

B) Animals consume others to obtain energy and nutrients.

C) Animal embryos have a blastula stage.

D) All animals are in kingdom Animalia.

E) Animals may be invertebrates or vertebrates.

87) Segmentation occurs in annelids, arthropods, and chordates. What can therefore be concluded about segmentation?

A) Segmentation occurs in all animals.

B) Segmentation occurs only in invertebrates.

C) Segmentation occurs only in vertebrates.

D) Segmentation evolved multiple times.

E) The first animal that gave rise to all other animals was segmented.