Exam Questions Ch.20 Preserving Biodiversity nan

Biology: The Essentials, 3e (Hoefnagels)

Chapter 20 Preserving Biodiversity

1) The primary cause for loss of biodiversity is

A) predation.

B) parasitism.

C) genetic mutation.

D) habitat destruction.

E) global warming.

2) Since the settling of North America by Europeans, only about _____ of the original temperate forest area survives.

A) 1%

B) 5%

C) 10%

D) 20%

E) 25%

3) Any chemical, physical, or biological change in the environment that harms living organisms is

A) nitrification.

B) an "upwelling."

C) deforestation.

D) ozone depletion.

E) pollution.

4) A type of air pollution that forms a visible haze in the lower atmosphere is

A) fog.

B) particulation.

C) smog.

D) acid rain.

E) smoke.

5) The pH of acid deposition occurring in the eastern United States is about

A) 4.6.

B) 5.6.

C) 6.4.

D) 7.0.

E) 8.4.

6) Which of the following is not an effect of acid deposition?

A) destruction of aquatic food webs

B) thinning of high-elevation forests

C) decrease in the number of species that can survive in the lake ecosystem

D) increase of pH in lakes

E) deformities in fish and other aquatic organisms

7) The ________ in the stratosphere above Earth's surface absorbs much of the harmful UV wavelengths of light.

A) benthic zone

B) ozone layer

C) cumulus clouds

D) particulate layer

E) profundal zone

8) An increase in the surface temperature of the Earth caused by heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere is known as

A) the greenhouse effect.

B) the biome effect.

C) bioremediation.

D) desertification.

E) the nursery effect.

9) Greenhouse gases block

A) carbon dioxide from escaping Earth's atmosphere.

B) oxygen from escaping Earth's atmosphere.

C) UV wavelengths from reaching Earth's surface.

D) UV wavelengths from escaping Earth's atmosphere.

E) heat from escaping Earth's atmosphere.

10) Which of the following is not a "greenhouse gas"?

A) carbon dioxide

B) methane

C) nitrous oxide

D) oxygen

E) CFCs

11) There are ________ parts per million of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere.

A) 10

B) 17

C) 400

D) 125

E) 21

12) The ozone layer is part of the

A) ionosphere.

B) stratosphere.

C) troposphere.

D) biosphere.

E) limnetic zone.

13) A species that humans bring to an area where it did not previously occur is a(n)

A) exotic species.

B) native species.

C) endemic species.

D) existing species.

E) endangered species.

14) To be considered ________, an introduced species must begin breeding in its new location and spread widely from its point of introduction causing destruction.

A) resourceful

B) harmful

C) native

D) dominant

E) invasive

15) Which of the following is NOT an invasive species?

A) hydrilla in freshwater

B) European starlings in North America

C) the bison in the North American plains

D) the marine toad in Florida

E) gypsy moth caterpillars in North America

16) Since the 1950s, ________ of the ocean's large predatory fishes have disappeared.

A) 20%

B) 50%

C) 90%

D) 70%

E) 1%

17) The current extinction rate of vertebrates is some ________ times the historical background. This is primarily due to habitat destruction.

A) 5 to 10

B) 25 to 50

C) 100 to 1000

D) 1000 to 10,000

E) 50 to 75

18) Which of the following would be a positive environmental impact of damming a river?

A) Fish can no longer migrate up and down the river.

B) Animal migration may be disrupted.

C) Streamside habitats may be disrupted.

D) It would provide irrigation water.

E) All of the answer choices are positive impacts for damming rivers.

19) How is tropical deforestation linked to climate change?

A) Burning the forests releases carbon dioxide and transpiration by trees is diminished.

B) Burning the forests consumes oxygen and transpiration by trees is diminished.

C) Burning the forests releases carbon dioxide and transpiration by trees is increased.

D) Burning the forests consumes oxygen and transpiration by trees is increased.

20) The normal pH of rainfall is

A) slightly acidic, pH 5.6.

B) slightly basic, pH 9.6.

C) slightly acidic, pH 9.6.

D) neutral, pH 7.0.

E) slightly basic, pH 5.6.

21) Release of sulfate and nitrate during the burning of coal contributes to

A) acid rain.

B) accumulation of persistent organic pollutants.

C) loss of the ozone layer.

D) the dead zone.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

22) In addition to eutrophication in lakes, which process is caused by excess nutrients in rivers?

A) warming of the water in the Gulf of Mexico

B) introduction of exotic species like Zebra mussels

C) the dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico

D) decreased plant growth

E) clogging of city water lines

In many wetlands, nonnative purple loosestrife has become the dominant plant species, often accounting for 90% of the total plant mass. The populations of cattails, canvasback ducks, and bog turtles have decreased in areas with purple loosestrife.

23) Purple loosestrife are a(n)

A) exotic species.

B) native species.

C) consumer.

D) parasite.

E) beneficial species.

24) Canvasback ducks and bog turtles are likely impacted by purple loosestrife by

A) loss of food.

B) loss of diversity.

C) overexploitation.

D) pollution.

E) climate change.

25) Conservation biologists breed some endangered species like the panda bear in captivity. Which is the most likely reason that panda populations in the wild are still threatened?

A) Not enough animals can be bred to release into the wild.

B) Their environment is polluted.

C) Loss of habitat has occurred.

D) The wild pandas cannot breed.

E) Their population density is too high.

26) Conservation biologists study the preservation of biodiversity.

27) Forests are expanding and deserts are shrinking worldwide.

28) The ozone layer absorbs much of the harmful UV wavelengths of light that would otherwise reach Earth.

29) Carbon dioxide gas is not a major contributor to the greenhouse effect.

30) Habitat destruction is the primary threat to biodiversity.

31) Of every 100 species introduced, only one persists to take over a niche.

32) Overexploitation is harvesting a species faster than it can reproduce.

33) Since the 1950s, only 1% of the ocean's large predatory fish have disappeared.

34) The zebra mussel and the gypsy moth are native species of North America.

35) One important conservation tool used to restore native populations is to set aside an area and protect it from overexploitation, invasive species, and habitat destruction.

36) After nearing extinction in the 1960s, the bald eagle population is now about 10,000.

37) One key to reversing environmental decline is to slow the growth of the human population.

38) The greatest threat to the endangered great spotted kiwi of New Zealand is predation.

39) What resulted in the biodiversity on Earth?

A) evolution

B) global climate change

C) the greenhouse effect

D) overexploitation

E) bycatch

40) Humans can survive on Earth without biodiversity.

41) How is biodiversity measured in a given area?

A) genetic diversity within the population of trees

B) the diversity of species of trees

C) the diversity of ecosystems in the area

D) the diversity of species of bacteria

E) All answers are correct.

42) Extinctions affect biodiversity. The more extinctions,

A) the lower the species biodiversity.

B) the lower the habitat biodiversity.

C) the higher the genetic biodiversity.

D) the higher the species biodiversity.

E) the higher the habitat diversity.

43) What areas are most susceptible to loss of biodiversity?

A) open ocean

B) locations near human activities

C) rain forests

D) temperate forests

E) polar regions

44) A worldwide loss of biodiversity is underway because of human activities.

45) Why is it important to maintain biodiversity?

A) to preserve ecosystems

B) to protect species richness

C) to provide resources to humans

D) to maintain genetic variation 

E) All answers are correct.

46) A vulnerable species is one that is likely to become extinct in the more distant future. Therefore, it is not monitored by conservation biologists.

47) Trees are important in the water cycle by

A) returning water to the atmosphere.

B) helping to recharge groundwater.

C) preventing rainwater runoff into streams.

D) providing an upper layer of organic matter.

E) All the answer choices are correct.

48) Which of the following is an organic chemical water pollutant?

A) chloride ions

B) nitrogen from fertilizer

C) heavy metals

D) pesticides

E) cyanide

49) Particulates are

A) found in streams of water.

B) carried by air.

C) not a concern of air quality.

D) approximately 1 cm. in diameter.

E) all nonliving.

50) In the Investigating Life, "Up, Up, and Away," researchers showed that the population of alpine chipmunks

A) moved toward the top of the mountain as the climate increased.

B) had a decrease in genetic isolation.

C) moved toward the top of the mountain and had an increase in genetic isolation.

D) moved toward the top of the mountain and had a decrease in genetic isolation.

E) remained at the bottom of the mountain.