Planning, New Towns, And New Urbanism Exam Questions Ch13 - Urban World 11e | Practice Test Bank Palen by J. John Palen. DOCX document preview.
CHAPTER 13
Multiple Choice:
1. The gridiron layout of planning is associated with the __________.
a. Roman provincial city
b. Greek city
c. Medieval city
b. Renaissance city
2. The gridiron pattern is derived from __________.
a. the design of ancient Rome
b. Roman military engineers who built army encampments
c. the ancient Greeks
d. the city plan of Babylon
3. The largest of the planned Roman cities was __________.
a. Rhodes
b. Paris
c. London
d. Constantinople
4. In 1593, __________ built a small city, Palma Nova, in the shape of a nine-pointed star.
a. Christopher Wren
b. Baron Haussman
c. Louis XVI
d. Vicenzo Scamozzi
5. Renaissance cities were sometimes designed in the shape of a star. The reason for this was __________.
a. military defense
b. religious doctrine
c. aesthetic beauty
d. superstition
6. Contemporary Paris was planned by __________.
a. Christopher Wren
b. Baron Haussman
c. Louis XVI
d. Vicenzo Scamozzi
7. The boulevards of Paris are a consequence of __________.
a. early Roman patterns
b. medieval growth
c. conscious design in the mid-19th century
d. post-World War II developments
8. An example of an American planned town is
a. New York
b. Miami
c. Houston
d. Washington, D.C.
9. During the 19th century, in the U.S. __________.
a. new towns and settlements rapidly multiplied
b. creative developments were seen in town expansion
c. the circular pattern was extensively used
d. particular care was taken to harmonize the city with its surrounding environment
10. The best known example of North American town planning during the 18th and 19th centuries is __________ plan for Washington, D.C.
a. Daniel Burnham’s
b. Pierre L'Enfant’s
c. Daniel Webster’s
d. Louis Sullivan’s
11. During the 19th century, U.S. towns were built on the __________.
a. circular pattern
b. gridiron pattern
c. organic pattern
d. diagonal pattern
12. Gridiron patterned cities are typical of __________.
a. New England
b. colonial cities of the Southeast
c. Canadian and U.S. western cities
d. maritime Canada
13. The text suggests that the rectangular grid was least appropriate for which of the following cities due to the nature of its terrain?
a. New York
b. Philadelphia
c. Chicago
d. San Francisco
14. One example of a city built on a modified circular plan is __________.
a. Chicago
b. Pullman
c. Detroit
d. Baltimore
15. Which of the following was the only planned community that remained successful?
a. Lowell, Massachusetts
b. Pullman, Illinois
c. New Harmony, Indiana
d. Salt Lake City, Utah
16. A planned community that was designed as an experiment in socialist labor relations was __________.
a. New Harmony
b. New Glarus
c. Oneida
d. Llano del Rio
17. The “city beautiful” movement in the U.S. is most closely identified with __________.
a. Daniel Burnham
b. Baron Haussman
c. Pierre L'Enfant
d. Louis Sullivan
18. The “city beautiful” movement emerged from the __________.
a. construction of Central Park
b. Civil War
c. Columbian World Exposition
d. city manager movement
19. __________ influenced public architecture in the U.S. for the first half of the 20th century.
a. Jane Addams and the Tenement Reform Movement of the 1890s
b. The World Columbian Exposition of 1893
c. New York City’s Zoning Resolution of 1916
d. The City Efficient Movement of 1910
20. The influence of the “city beautiful” movement can be seen __________.
a. in the new towns built in the United States
b. only in the European capitals rebuilt following World War II
c. only in the housing and neighborhoods of Chicago
d. in government buildings throughout the country
21. Which of the following was a main concern of the “city beautiful” movement?
a. government buildings
b. urban mass-transit systems
c. neighborhoods
d. tenement housing
22. The style or architecture associated with the “city beautiful” movement is __________.
a. Victorian
b. Neo-classical
c. Modern
d. Functional
23. Planned urban communities of the 19th century tended to __________.
a. be abandoned in the early 20th century
b. become absorbed into the larger society in the 20th century
c. be economically diverse
d. be socially diverse
24. The city most closely associated with the birth of the “city beautiful” movement is __________.
a. New York
b. Milwaukee
c. Chicago
d. Philadelphia
25. The building of parks in major cities __________ in the early 20th century.
a. was opposed by business and civic leaders
b. had nothing to do with the “city beautiful” movement
c. was related to the “city beautiful” movement
d. was mandated by city governments
26. The Chicago Plan of 1909 __________.
a. emphasized a massive program for housing
b. was opposed by politicians in both major parties
c. was a sincere attempt to integrate the central city and suburban areas
d. included a network of city parks
27. Tenement reform laws in the U.S. were intended to __________.
a. just solve housing problems and nothing else
b. prevent social problems
c. attract more people to the inner city
d. save the cities money in housing construction
28. Following World War I, the emphasis of planning focused on __________.
a. eliminating slums
b. zoning and the “city efficient”
c. the “city beautiful” movement
d. designing public parks
29. The end of the “City Beautiful Movement” in the U.S. and the beginning of the “City Efficient” was marked by __________.
a. World War I
b. the Great Depression
c. World War II
d. the social turmoil of the 1960s
30. Zoning first became a force in U.S. urban planning __________.
a. with the passage of The Federal Urban Design Act (FUDA) in 1889
b. in 1893, as a result of the Chicago Columbian World Exhibition
c. with New York City’s Zoning Resolution of 1916
d. in 1955, with California’s state zoning legislation
31. The only major city in the United States without zoning laws is __________.
a. Houston
b. Los Angeles
c. San Francisco
d. Atlanta
32. According to the text, a de facto functional equivalent of zoning is __________.
a. intrusion
b. deed restrictions
c. master plans
d. development plans
33. An example of a lively workable city neighborhood according to Jane Jacobs is __________.
a. Greenwich Village
b. Harlem, New York
c. Chicago's Loop
d. Beacon Hill, Boston
34. Jane Jacobs advocated __________.
a. zoning activities into distinct districts
b. segregating housing and commercial usage
c. dense concentrations of people
d. more police for greater security
35. According to Jane Jacobs, to generate liveliness in a city __________.
a. districts should serve more than one function
b. buildings should be of uniform age and condition
c. urban population density must be kept within lower limits
d. combat zones should be delineated
36. The work of Jane Jacobs has been criticized because __________.
a. of the emphasis it places on uniformity in the design of buildings, roads, etc.
b. the low-density levels that it advocates contributes to urban sprawl
c. it overlooks the growing power and presence of large corporations in shaping urban real estate
d. it is too theoretical and lacks any practical examples and applications
37. The death blow for many master plans for cities after World War II was __________.
a. the new town movement
b. zoning changes
c. urban renewal and other development plans
d. suburbanization
38. The text suggests that __________.
a. space has different symbolic meanings to different groups
b. architectural design does not increase the security of projects
c. the higher the density the greater the social problems
d. physical environment is the critical factor in determining social relationships
39. City planning in the U.S. became more responsive to the needs and lifestyles of “less-favored”, lower-class, urban groups __________.
a. immediately after World War I
b. during the Great Depression
c. during World War II
d. during the social upheavals of the 1960s and 1970s
40. Compared with North America, Europe has __________.
a. a tradition of urban planning
b. little experience with urban planning
c. strong opposition to land-use controls
d. more decision-making at the local level
41. One advantage some European communities have is __________.
a. a population used to small houses
b. control over their own municipal lands
c. lower population densities than the U.S.
d. lack of interference from federal governments
42. A European city that now owns 75 percent of the land within its administrative boundaries is __________.
a. the Hague
b. Copenhagen
c. London
d. Stockholm
43. Current housing programs in Western Europe __________.
a. are affected by a chronic housing shortage
b. place emphasis on massive building programs
c. place little emphasis on the urban environment
d. are emphasizing private market housing more
44. The city in Europe where half the commutes to and from work are by public transit is __________.
a. London
b. Paris
c. Rome
d. Stockholm
45. The Dutch ______________________________ .
a. prohibit public ownership of city land.
b. subsidize over 40 percent of housing.
c. rely upon the private sector to develop plans for each municipality.
d. have been unable to control urban sprawl.
46. Today with regard to urban planning, the United States has __________.
a. no national land-use or growth policy
b. a relatively recent (1975) federal land-use policy
c. more planning than Europe
d. a new land development voucher system
47. According to the text, urban sprawl in Holland is __________.
a. much more serious than in the U.S. due to high population densities
b. slightly more serious than in the U.S. due to the scarcity of land
c. about as serious as it is in the U.S.
d. virtually unknown
48. The term, “utopia” originated __________.
a. as the title of a book published in 1516 by Thomas Moore
b. as political philosophy and still has nothing to do with town planning
c. with the “City Beautiful Movement” in the United States
d. in Ebenezer Howard’s, “Garden Cities of Tomorrow”
49. Howard's “Garden Cities” most distinctive feature was that __________.
a. they were built inside existing cities
b. they were surrounded by a permanent greenbelt
c. there was to be no zoning
d. they were to house the city's poor
50. Ebenezer Howard, an activist as well as a visionary, established his first garden city in __________, UK.
a. Canterbury
b. Dover
c. Greenwich
d. Letchworth
51. New Urbanism communities are built ________________ .
a. to higher densities
b. to lower densities
c. where housing density is not an issue
d. to larger lot sizes
52. New Urbanism or Traditional Neighborhood Developments are designed to __________.
a. segregated housing from commercial activities
b. promote smooth and fast traffic flows
c. zone for larger homes
d. encourage a mixture of people and activities
53. New Urbanism communities are designed ____________________.
a. to encourage community and pedestrian use
b. provide all their own employment
c. to showcase modern housing designs.
d. to incorporate a provision that restrict surrounding land to agricultural use only
54. New Urbanism communities stress __________.
a. curvilinear streets
b. cul-de-sacs
c. wide streets
d. narrow streets and sidewalks
55. The British decision to have the government build new towns came largely as a consequence of __________.
a. the Depression
b. World War II
c. the Industrial Revolution
d. the Korean War
56. Which of the following do all post World War II European new towns have in common?
a. They were initiated, planned and financed by the government.
b. They were all based on the British “garden city” concept.
c. They were all designed to be closely tied to the central city and serve as residential (not employment) areas.
d. They were all company towns designed to provide housing for factory workers
57. Today, according to the text, European nations have __________.
a. increased the pace of new town building
b. stabilized the pace of new town building
c. slightly decreased the pace of new town building
d. stopped building new towns
58. During the 1970s, the federal government's policy toward new towns was __________.
a. no federal involvement
b. initially to provide financial assistance and then to shut down the program
c. no new starts, but support those new towns in existence
d. continued expansion of the program
59. The U. S. Government built the first new towns __________.
a. to remove the poor from center city locations
b. as part of the World's Fair demonstration on housing
c. as measures to combat the depression of the 1930's
d. to provide housing for the thousands of soldiers returning after World
War II
60. Based on current U. S. federal policies future new towns can be expected to __________.
a. expand rapidly in number
b. be built largely for the poor
c. be built only by private developers for the affluent
d. be found illegal by court cases
61. The most successful of the post-war new towns in the U.S. have been __________.
a. Reston, Virginia and Columbia, Maryland
b. Soul City, North Carolina and Jonathan, Minnesota
c. Soul city, North Carolina and Riverton, New York
d. Jonathan, Minnesota and Riverton, New York
62. The most successful U.S. new towns have been __________.
a. federally funded Greenbelt cites
b. privately financed towns resembling suburban areas
c. privately financed, totally planned intercity communities
d. federally funded housing projects
63. Which of the following does “neo-traditional” or “new urbanism” use as its model for designing communities?
a. the city beautiful
b. the garden city
c. the 19th century town
d. the research park
64. Which of these Traditional Neighborhood Development projects was built by the Disney Company in Florida?
a. Seaside
b. Harbor Town
c. Kentlands
d. Celebration
True-False:
65. During the Renaissance, city planning was widely used to design and build new towns.
a. T
b. F
66. The Ancient Greeks, who appreciated organization and structure in other aspects of their lives, gave little attention to the physical arrangement of their communities.
a. T
b. F
67. According to Aristotle, the 5th century Greek city planner, Hippodamus of Miletus laid out the street plan of Athens in the 5th century B.C.
a. T
b. F
68. The largest of the planned Roman cities was Constantinople.
a. T
b. F
69. Star-shaped cities of the renaissance, like Palma Nova, got their shape purely for reasons of beauty and symmetry—not for any practical applications.
a. T
b. F
70. In 1580, Queen Elizabeth tried (and failed) to restrict London’s growth by creating a “green belt” of open land to prevent crowding and poverty.
a. T
b. F
71. Charles Town was planned along patterns in congruence with Burgess’ pattern.
a. T
b. F
72. City planning in the U. S. is usually considered a 20th century development.
a. T
b. F
73. Pierre L'Enfant's overall plan for Washington, D.C. was carefully executed under his guidance to develop the neoclassical city in the 19th century.
a. T
b. F
74. The Federal Land Ordinance of 1785 encouraged the gridiron pattern for American cities.
a. T
b. F
75. All U.S. cities were designed on the gridiron pattern and none were based upon the modified wheel, as were some European cities.
a. T
b. F
76. Planned urban communities of the 19th century mostly lacked both the economic and social diversity to keep them viable.
a. T
b. F
77. Of new 19th century U.S. communities organized around religious or political-philosophical doctrines, only Pullman, Illinois grew and prospered.
a. T
b. F
78. The late 19th century movement that had the most pronounced effect on the design of U.S. cities was the “city beautiful” movement that emerged from the Chicago Columbian World Exhibition of 1893.
a. T
b. F
79. The 19th century construction of city parks was opposed by real estate developers who were moved by the profit motive.
a. T
b. F
80. The “city beautiful” movement is most evident in the neo-classical design of public buildings in cities across the United States.
a. T
b. F
81. The greatest weakness of the “city beautiful” movement was that it almost totally ignored the problem of housing, particularly that of the slums.
a. T
b. F
82. The model city beautiful plan was Daniel Burnham’s 1909 Chicago Plan.
a. T
b. F
83. The “city beautiful” movement emerged from the tenement reforms proposed by social reformers like Jane Addams and Jacob Riis.
a. T
b. F
84. The “city beautiful” movement died with World War I and the postwar laissez fare atmosphere of the 1920s.
a. T
b. F
85. Zoning became a force in the U.S. after Washington, D.C. passed its City Zoning Act of 1899.
a. T
b. F
86. Zoning was often used for purposes of racial, social and economic exclusivity.
a. T
b. F
87. New York City, a pioneer in the use of zoning, still actively uses zoning as a tool to accomplish city planning goals.
a. T
b. F
88. New York City has largely abandoned zoning as being more of a hindrance than a help except when prodded by a complaint or where there is an issue of public safety.
a. T
b. F
89. As of 2001, Milwaukee, WI is the only major city in the U.S. without any zoning laws.
a. T
b. F
90. The Death and Life of Great American Cities makes the point that attempts by city planners to zone various activities into distinct areas create both dullness and economic and social stagnation in the city.
a. T
b. F
91. One of the most influential books on zoning in the U.S., The Death and Life of Great American Cities, was written a century ago by by Jane Addams.
a. T
b. F
92. Urban planning became more socially responsive to the needs of less favored urban populations as a result of the urban riots and social upheavals of the 1960s and 1970s.
a. T
b. F
93. European planning has been less concerned with conserving resources and preventing unlimited growth than planning in the U.S.
a. T
b. F
94. Two advantages enjoyed by some European cities is control over their own municipal lands and a tradition of urban planning.
a. T
b. F
95. After World War II, Western Europe suffered a housing shortage that has yet to be ended.
a. T
b. F
96. Public supported housing in most Western European countries is more common than in the United States.
a. T
b. F
97. The United States has had an official national and regional land use policy since 1955.
a. T
b. F
98. Many European nations have land use or growth policies aimed at dispersing the national population.
a. T
b. F
99. The new town movement owes its origins to St. Thomas Moore who published Utopia in 1516.
a. T
b. F
100. In the text, the terms “garden city” and “new town” mean essentially the same thing.
a. T
b. F
101. Howard designed a series of “garden cities” in England that are equivalent to American suburbs.
a. T
b. F
102. The first garden city that Ebenezer Howard constructed in England was not very successful and became a bedroom community for workers in London.
a. T
b. F
103. After World War II, new towns in England were built with a development corporation answerable to the town itself through a system of self-governance.
a. T
b. F
104. According to the text, in building Howard’s new towns, as with ancient Greeks, problems of growth were to be handled by colonization rather than by extending city boundaries.
a. T
b. F
105. New towns built under the direction of the British government were significantly smaller than those proposed by Ebenezer Howard.
a. T
b. F
106. The British government became directly involved in the construction of new towns through the New Towns Act of 1946.
a. T
b. F
107. New Urbanism communities mix housing types and commercial activities.
a. T
b. F
108. In both Sweden and the Netherlands, much urban land is publicly owned.
a. T
b. F
109. Tiny houses provide good inexpensive housing for the homeless.
a. T
b. F
110. Traditional Neighborhood Development or New Urbanism communities stress mixed land usage and encourage pedestrian activity.
a. T
b. F
111. Unlike the countries of Europe, the United States never became involved in the construction of new towns.
a. T
b. F
112. The three new U.S. towns that were built by the federal government in the 1930s were eventually sold along with the greenbelts surrounding them.
a. T
b. F
113. According to the text, the U.S. government has plans to launch several new town programs in the 21st century.
a. T
b. F
114. Reston, Columbia and Irvine were all privately financed ventures.
a. T
b. F
115. New Urbanism communities ban strip-mall shopping centers.
a. T
b. F
116. The basic tenet of “new urbanism” is that communities should be planned in the form of complete and integrated communities containing housing, shops, businesses, parks, schools and civic facilities.
a. T
b. F
117. According to the text, the Disney Company has constructed a “new urbanism” community outside Anaheim called “Mouseville”.
a. T
b. F
118. One of the concerns, held by both the advocates and opponents, of new urbanism projects is that these projects will amount to nothing more than a small market of housing for affluent homebuyers.
a. T
b. F
119. New Urbanism communities advocate using smaller lot sizes and more public spaces.
a. T
b. F
Short Answer (in addition to those at the end of the chapter).
120. Describe the housing problems facing Western Europe after World War II. How did they cope? What were their successes and failures?
121. How did Roman Empire planning influence Western urban development?
122. Describe some of the early attempts at city planning in Western Europe. Which were successful and which were not?
123. Name and describe several planned capitals. What successes and problems have they met?
124. Detail the history of U.S. federal government involvement in the building of new towns. Compare and contrast this with the European policies discussed in this chapter.
125. Jane Jacobs says four conditions are necessary for generating diversity and liveliness in a city. Describe the characteristics and provide your evaluation of her position.
126. The author has stated that, “belief in salvation by bricks and mortar fit in neatly with the American belief in the unlimited potential of technology”. Explain how this has been applied American urban planning.
127. Discuss the control of land in European communities. Would these policies be acceptable in the United States?
128. Discuss how New Urbanism communities differ from the usual post war suburban communities.
129. Explain some of the sociological information that architects and planners might use in designing buildings.
130. Describe the most successful new towns in terms of physical environment, social composition and lifestyle.
131. Discuss the purpose, plan, and successes or failures of planned communities.
132. Discuss and evaluate the Tiny House movement.
133. Describe the city beautiful movement and explain why it had the most pronounced effect on the design of American cities.
134. What is meant by the term, the “city efficient”? What historical events and social attitudes influenced this movement?
135. Throughout the chapter, many city planning movements have linked housing and crime. Discuss the connection and give your opinion on what type of housing can deter crime.
136. Discuss the concept of zoning. What was the original purpose and what are the effects?
137. What are the strengths and limitations of New Urbanism communities.
138. How do New urbanism communities differ from traditional suburbs? What is their future?