Physical And Mental Illness And + Complete Test Bank Ch.14

Chapter 14: Physical and Mental Illness and Family Stress

Multiple Choice

1. According to the proposed theoretical model, a family’s outcomes when a child has cancer are

a. Solely based on the fact that the child has cancer

b. Dependent on how serious the cancer is

c. Dependent on the effectiveness of the family’s coping strategies and perceptions of the prognosis and the knowledge about the illness

d. Impossible to predict because everyone is different

Answer location: Theoretical Framework, p. 293

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

2. When a husband who is diagnosed with anxiety communicates openly with his wife, receives support from her, and works together with her against the anxiety, additional stressors will likely be managed. In contrast, if couples communicate poorly, are not supportive, and live separate lives, additional stressors are more likely to pile up for the couple. These are examples of positive and negative

a. Enduring vulnerabilities

b. Adaptive processes

c. Community characteristics

d. Risk and protective factors

Answer location: Theoretical Framework, p. 293

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Application

3. Chronic illness in a child has a range of stressors

a. That are focused primarily on the ill child

b. That resolve within 5 years

c. That have more impact on the siblings of the ill child

d. That include stressors in the child, siblings, and parents

Answer location: When a Child is Ill, p. 294

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

4. Stressors on parents of chronically ill children are

a. Short term and resolved within approximately 3 to 5 years

b. More intensive and pervasive than other forms of strain

c. So personal that the parent overcomes the stressors

d. Cause permanent damage to the parent’s emotional health

Answer location: When a Child Is Ill, p. 294

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

5. Stressors on siblings of a chronically ill child are

a. In part due to the lack of attention from parents because of the needs of their ill sibling

b. More intensive and pervasive than other forms of strain

c. Not a common occurrence

d. Cause permanent damage to the sibling’s emotional health

Answer location: When a Child Is Ill, p. 294

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

6. An enduring characteristic is

a. A genetic characteristic that is ever present

b. A characteristic that you have no control over

c. A stable characteristic or behavior that can include genetic predispositions

d. Always negative

Answer location: Theoretical Framework, p. 292

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

7. Poverty is considered an enduring characteristic because it

a. Is situational and impacts family functioning

b. Is ongoing and impacts access to health care, levels of stress, and long-term well-being

c. Often coexists with mental health problems

d. Often coexists with child abuse

Answer location: Enduring Characteristics, p. 295

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

8. Adaptive processes surrounding children’s health involve

a. Socioeconomic status

b. Income, workload, and IQ

c. Organization, connectivity, age

d. Coping behaviors, perceptions, and resources

Answer location: Adaptive Processes, p. 295

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

9. The most accurate description of the relationship between illness perceptions, resources, and outcomes is

a. If a family perceives that the illness is manageable, they will be in a better position to access resources and therefore are more likely to have resilient outcomes (higher level of well-being)

b. If the family perceives that the illness is manageable, they will not need the same level of resources, which could negatively impact their outcomes

c. If the family perceives that the illness is a tragedy, they will need greater resources and so may have lower outcomes

d. Family perceptions are based on the available resources, which impact the outcomes

Answer location: When a Child Is Ill, pp. 296-297

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Application

10. Health stressors in a couple relationship vary by

a. Type of illness, timing of illness, and gender of ill partner

b. Gender of ill partner and level of commitment in the relationship

c. Whether the couple had financial resources and were married or not

d. Type of illness and timing of illness

Answer location: When a Spouse/Partner Is Ill, p. 298

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

11. While health stressors can be difficult for a couple, they can also be positive when

a. The partners are young and in love, a health decline can pull them closer together

b. The partners are having marital problems, a health decline can increase their marital quality

c. A partner has a health decline there is a decrease in marital quality, but when he or she has the onset of a disability, there is an increase in marital quality

d. Partners who have always had a strong quality of relationship are less vulnerable to the health stressors

Answer location: Health Stressor, p. 298

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

12. When couples are young and dealing with a mental or physical illness they are more likely to have a

a. Stronger relationship quality

b. Lower relationship quality

c. Stronger relationship quality only if they are married

d. Lower relationship quality only if they are married

Answer location: Enduring Characteristics, p. 299

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

13. If the well spouse is female, and the ill spouse is male

a. There is more of a chance that the well female partner will leave

b. The couple experiences the most distress

c. The well female spouse reports greater relationship quality

d. The ill male spouse reports the greater relationship quality

Answer location: Enduring Characteristics, p. 299

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

14. If the well spouse is male, and the ill spouse is female

a. There is more of a chance that the ill female partner will be abandoned

b. The couple experiences the most distress

c. The well female spouse reports greater relationship quality

d. The ill male spouse reports the greater relationship quality

Answer location: Enduring Characteristics, p. 299

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

15. Examples of enduring characteristics include

a. Coping skills

b. Communication skills

c. Hobbies

d. Religiosity and spirituality

Answer location: Enduring Characteristics, p. 299

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

16. Illness mechanisms are defined as

a. The way the illness progresses

b. The outcomes associated with the illness

c. The medical treatments needed to manage the illness

d. Life changes due to an illness

Answer location: Adaptive Processes, p. 299

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

17. When individuals accepts their illnesses and have a neutral or positive view of it (low psychological distress) and continued health decline,

a. They still have marital happiness

b. They have poor relationship quality

c. Psychological distress does not impact marital quality

d. The couple experiences higher stress

Answer location: Adaptive Processes, p. 300

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Application

18. One partner in the couple has diabetes. The couple learns about the disease, begins to look seriously at their daily stressors, and change their eating habits together. This is an example of

a. A fused relationship

b. Shifting roles

c. Stress-prompted resources

d. A happy couple

Answer location: Adaptive Processes, p. 300

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Application

19. The supportive practices couples develop

a. Represent some of the most important adaptive processes to illness

b. Usually mean that one of the couple is doing much more than their share of managing the illness

c. Often are developed too late or not at all

d. Are practiced more by middle aged and older couples than young couples

Answer location: Adaptive Processes, p. 301

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

20. Which is not an enduring characteristic related to caring for an aging parent?

a. Gender

b. Marital status

c. Culture

d. Social support system

Answer location: Enduring Characteristics, p. 302

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

21. If resources are limited

a. Caregivers will experience higher levels of stress

b. The stress experienced will decrease because there will be less distractions

c. Caregivers will usually make do

d. The elderly parent will try to care for the caregiver

Answer location: Adaptive Processes, p. 302

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

True/False

1. Physical and mental health stressors are linked to individual and family outcomes through enduring characteristics.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Theoretical Framework, p. 292

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

2. Depression is an example of an enduring vulnerability.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Theoretical Framework, p. 292

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

3. Coping behaviors and perceptions of a prognosis and knowledge about an illness are considered adaptive processes.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Theoretical Framework, p. 293

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

4. A family that communicates poorly is likely to be resilient in the face of illness stressors.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Theoretical Framework, p. 293

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

5. Regardless of the illness, there may be more similarities than differences involved when considering the impact of child illness on a family.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Health Stressors, p. 294

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

6. Families respond best to treatment programs that are geared toward general chronic illness rather than illnesses specific to their situation.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Adaptive Processes, p. 296

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

7. For the most part, when a partner is ill, the relationship quality declines.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: When a Spouse/Partner Is Ill, p. 298

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

8. Women are more often caregivers for their elderly parents than are men.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Enduring Characteristics, p. 302

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Essay

1. Address the issue of health stressors in a couple’s relationship. What are characteristics of health stressors? Do they always contribute to a decreased relationship? Why, or why not?

2. What are enduring characteristics? What is the connection between enduring characteristics, stress resulting from caring for an ill parent, and adaptive processes?

a. Answers may include:

• Physical and mental health stressors (Figure 14.1) are linked to individual and family outcomes through adaptive processes. Health stressors are sometimes due to chance (e.g., brain injury resulting from a car accident) and sometimes caused or influenced by stable characteristics or behaviors called enduring vulnerabilities or enduring characteristics (e.g., poor eating habits, lack of exercise, and genetic predisposition leading to type 2 diabetes).
• Gender is an important moderating factor because women are more likely to be caregivers. Pinquart and Sörensen (2006) reported that women “provided more caregiving hours, helped with more caregiving tasks, and assisted more with personal care” (p. 33). Further, female caregivers often experience higher levels of burden than male caregivers (Rohr, Wagner, & Lang, 2013).
• Marital status and having siblings also can influence caregiving of ill parents by adult children. Unmarried adult children are more likely to co-reside with a widowed mother (Seltzer & Friedman, 2014), and having a parent co-reside with an adult child is linked to a lower likelihood of siblings becoming a caregiver (Pezzin, Pollak, & Schone, 2014).
• Ethnicity and culture may influence the likelihood of caregiving, associated stressors, and outcomes. On one hand, ethnic or cultural identity may increase the likelihood of an adult child wanting to provide care (Anngela-Cole & Busch, 2011), actually providing care (Angel, Rote, Brown, Angel, & Markides, 2014), and having positive perceptions of the caregiver role (Vroman & Morency, 2011). On the other hand, ethnic or cultural influences may decrease the likelihood of care recipients using available formal services from which they might benefit (Brown, Friedemann, & Mauro, 2014). Culturally sensitive interventions for caregivers and aging care recipients might enhance the quality of caregiving experiences of all involved.

Answer location: Enduring Characteristics, p. 302

Question type: ESS

Cognitive Domain: Analysis