Mood Disorders Test Bank Chapter 5 - Test Bank | Abnormal Psychology Science & Treatment 15e by Ann M. Kring, Sheri L. Johnson. DOCX document preview.
CHAPTER 5
Mood Disorders
Question Type: Multiple Choice
1. Mood disorders are fundamentally characterized by profound disturbances in
a) cognition.
b) motor activity.
c) social interactions.
d) emotions.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
2. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder involves symptoms that begin
a) after age 65.
b) in early adulthood.
c) during adolescence.
d) prior to age 10.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
3. The slowing of thoughts and movements that can affect those experiencing depression is called
a) psychomotor agitation.
b) social withdrawal.
c) psychomotor retardation.
d) melancholia.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
4. Pacing, fidgeting, and wringing of hands are characteristic of
a) anhedonia.
b) psychomotor agitation.
c) affective lability.
d) cyclothymia.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
5. In considering the symptoms of major depressive disorder, it is important to remember that
a) there are many possible symptom profiles.
b) virtually everyone with major depression is suicidal.
c) the most common symptom is difficulty sleeping.
d) the core symptom of feelings of worthlessness must be present.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
6. Which of the following disorders is newly included in DSM-5 and related to the DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of dysthymia?
a) bipolar I disorder
b) bipolar II disorder
c) bipolar III disorder
d) persistent depressive disorder
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
7. The central feature of persistent depressive disorder is
a) the severity of symptoms.
b) the chronicity of symptoms.
c) the timing of occurrence of the symptoms.
d) the variability in the symptoms.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
8. Jacqueline has been chronically depressed for the past 3 years. Based on this information, Jacqueline might be given a diagnosis of
a) persistent depressive disorder.
b) cyclothymic disorder.
c) bipolar disorder.
d) disruptive mood regulation disorder.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Application
9. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder involves mood symptoms occurring
a) during menstruation.
b) 3 weeks prior to menstruation.
c) 2 weeks before menstruation.
d) in the week before menstruation.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
10. According to DSM-5, how many symptoms must be present for at least 2 weeks for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder?
a) at least two symptoms
b) at least three symptoms
c) at least four symptoms
d) at least five symptoms
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
11. Nancy is a 28-year-old female who presents with the symptoms of low energy, poor self-esteem, feelings of hopelessness, and depressed mood for most of the day more than half of the time for 2 years. Her symptoms are most consistent with
a) major depressive disorder.
b) persistent depressive disorder.
c) premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
d) seasonal affective disorder.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Evaluation
12. Kyle is a 55-year-old male from the northeastern United States who presents with symptoms of depression occurring consistently over the same months for the past 12 years. During these times, he sleeps longer and has lower appetite and energy. At other times of the year, his moods and functioning are typical of a man his age. His symptoms are most consistent with
a) major depressive disorder.
b) persistent depressive disorder.
c) periodic dysphoric disorder.
d) seasonal affective disorder.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Evaluation
13. What percentage of people who meet the criteria for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder also experience an anxiety disorder during their lifetime?
a) 70%
b) 60%
c) 50%
d) 40%
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
14. Major depressive disorder is considered a(n)
a) episodic disorder.
b) progressive disorder.
c) systemic disorder.
d) chronic disorder.
Section: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
15. It is believed that the prevalence estimates for depressive disorder are
a) overestimates, because people think depression is the same as just being sad.
b) overestimates, because doctors tend to blame lots of the problems of daily life on depression.
c) underestimates, because people may forget episodes that occurred many years ago.
d) underestimates, because the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders have changed so much.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
16. Major depressive disorder is
a) about as common in women as in men.
b) twice as common in women as in men.
c) four times as common in women as in men.
d) three times as common in men as in women.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of the depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
17. At present, the median age of onset of major depressive disorder is
a) middle childhood to early teens.
b) late teens to early 20s.
c) mid-20s to mid-30s.
d) late 40s to early 50s.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
18. Gender differences in depression
a) are related to culture, not biology.
b) do not emerge until adolescence.
c) are not present in societies with equitable gender roles.
d) have emerged only in recent years, with better diagnostic tools.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
19. All other things being equal, which of the following people is least likely to experience major depression?
a) a 45-year-old wealthy woman
b) a 35-year-old unemployed man
c) a 20-year-old wealthy man
d) a 19-year-old wealthy woman
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
20. Every winter for the past 3 years, Natalie has felt extremely depressed for a period of months and been unable to keep up with her responsibilities because of her low energy and difficulty concentrating. She always appears to feel better by early spring and is at her best during the summer. Which of the following diagnoses would best fit Natalie?
a) cyclothymic disorder
b) major depression
c) seasonal affective disorder
d) Natalie’s symptoms reflect normal mood fluctuations and would not be given a DSM-5 diagnosis.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Application
21. Which of the following treatments for seasonal affective disorder is the first-line recommendation in the American Psychiatric Association treatment guidelines for depression?
a) hypnosis
b) regular exposure to bright light
c) psychodynamic therapy
d) traveling to a warmer climate during winter months
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
22. Juan experiences symptoms of sad mood, increased sleep, agitation, poor appetite, and concentration difficulties most of the day. Julia, on the other hand, has symptoms of loss of interest in activities, lethargy, increased appetite, feelings of worthlessness, and recurrent thoughts of death. What can be concluded regarding Juan and Julia?
a) Both Juan and Julia have symptoms consistent with bipolar disorder.
b) Juan has symptoms consistent with mania, whereas Julia has symptoms consistent with major depression.
c) Both Juan and Julia have symptoms consistent with major depression.
d) Both Juan and Julia have symptoms consistent with cyclothymic disorder.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Application
23. For a child or adolescent to be diagnosed with persistent depressive disorder,
a) the symptoms must have been present for at least 1 year.
b) the individual has to have only one of the symptoms mentioned in the DSM-5 criteria.
c) there must be at least one biological parent with the disorder.
d) the individual must also have severe, recurrent temper outbursts.
Section: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
24. What symptoms must be present for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder to be made?
a) low mood and anhedonia
b) anhedonia and insomnia
c) insomnia and psychomotor retardation
d) psychomotor agitation and low mood
Section: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Application
25. Research suggests that about 40–50% of people who recover from a first episode of depression will, over the following 10 years,
a) experience at least one more depressive episode.
b) have their diagnosis changed to bipolar disorder.
c) experience suicidal ideation without depression.
d) have significant financial setbacks.
Section: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
26. The duration of sad moods after major stressors may be extended by social roles that promote
a) emotion-focused coping.
b) problem-focused coping.
c) solution-focused coping.
d) relationship-focused coping.
Section: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
27. What characteristic may increase the risk of seasonal affective disorder?
a) self-critical thinking
b) external locus of control
c) extraversion
d) cognitive complexity
Section: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
28. Jack reports being in a wonderful mood. He has been very productive at work lately, even working far into the night, as he seems to need only a few hours of sleep. He is very talkative and quickly moves from one topic to another, at one point describing a scheme he has for making a fortune in the stock market. While he appears to be in high spirits, he is also quite irritable and impatient. These behaviors represent a change from Jack’s normal behaviors and have caused severe functional impairment. He reports no previous periods like this. Which of the following diagnoses would best fit Jack?
a) overanxious disorder
b) dysthymic disorder
c) bipolar disorder
d) cyclothymic disorder
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Bipolar Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of mania, the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of bipolar disorders.
Bloomcode: Application
29. DSM-5 recognizes which of the following forms of bipolar disorder?
a) bipolar I and bipolar II
b) bipolar I, bipolar II, and cyclothymic disorder
c) bipolar and cyclothymic disorder
d) bipolar I, bipolar II, and bipolar III
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Bipolar Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of mania, the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of bipolar disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
30. An episode of depression is required for a diagnosis of
a) both bipolar I and bipolar II.
b) bipolar I.
c) bipolar II.
d) neither bipolar I nor bipolar II.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Bipolar Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of mania, the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of bipolar disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
31. Flight of ideas is characterized by
a) delusional thinking.
b) suicidal thinking.
c) lack of verbal facility.
d) rapid shifts in topics while speaking.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Bipolar Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of mania, the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of bipolar disorders.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
32. To be diagnosed with bipolar I disorder, a person must
a) be currently experiencing manic symptoms.
b) have experienced hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms at some point.
c) have experienced at least one episode of mania at some point in his or her lifetime.
d) have experienced at least one depressive episode.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Bipolar Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of mania, the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of bipolar disorders.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
33. Which of the following best describes hypomania?
a) a type of mania that alternates with depression
b) a type of mania more common in dysthymic patients
c) a more persistent form of mania
d) a less severe form of mania
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Bipolar Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of mania, the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of bipolar disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
34. Which of the following is a chronic, milder form of bipolar disorder?
a) dysthymic disorder
b) cyclothymic disorder
c) manic-depression
d) hypomanic disorder
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Bipolar Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of mania, the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of bipolar disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
35. For a period of 1 week, Alan experienced episodes of extreme elation and excitement that caused significant functional impairment. Based on this information only, a clinician might hypothesize that Alan likely experienced a
a) manic episode.
b) hypomanic episode.
c) depressive episode.
d) dysphoric episode.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Bipolar Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of mania, the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of bipolar disorders.
Bloomcode: Application
36. In the past year, John has had three depressive episodes and two manic episodes that were quite extreme. Which of the following DSM-5 diagnoses would best fit John?
a) bipolar I disorder
b) bipolar II disorder
c) cyclothymic disorder
d) mixed bipolar I and II
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Bipolar Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of mania, the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of bipolar disorders.
Bloomcode: Application
37. How does bipolar disorder affect the lives of individuals?
a) People with bipolar disorder die an average of 8.5–9 years earlier than those in the general population.
b) People with bipolar disorder are much more likely to be very creative than are people in the general population.
c) Because they accomplish so much when manic, people with bipolar disorder are highly productive, valued employees.
d) Because of their buoyant moods, people with bipolar disorder have low rates of suicide.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Bipolar Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of mania, the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of bipolar disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
38. The DSM-5 criteria for cyclothymic disorder include
a) duration of at least 6 months.
b) at least one episode of mania.
c) at least one episode of depressive disorder.
d) mood changes from high to low.
Section Reference: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Bipolar Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of mania, the diagnostic criteria for bipolar disorders, and the epidemiology of bipolar disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
39. What is the relationship between depression and cardiovascular disease?
a) Depression appears to be somewhat protective.
b) Depression increases risk of the disease but not of death.
c) They are unrelated in men but related in women.
d) Depression is associated with a more severe course of the disease.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
40. What is the nature of the relationship between bipolar disorder and creativity?
a) The manic state fosters creativity through elated mood.
b) The quality of creative work suffers during episodes of mania.
c) Creativity itself can foster episodes of mania.
d) Treatment of bipolar disorder lessens creativity.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
41. Based on twin studies, what is the heritability estimate for major depressive disorder?
a) 0.37
b) 0.85
c) 0.25
d) 0.70
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
42. Which of the following disorders has an estimated heritability of 0.93?
a) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
b) bipolar disorder
c) persistent depressive disorder
d) cyclothymic disorder
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
43. Most researchers believe that mood disorders are caused by
a) a single gene that regulates affect.
b) multiple genes.
c) a dysregulation of norepinephrine.
d) the N34 gene.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
44. Which two neurotransmitters have been implicated in the etiology of the mood disorders?
a) endorphins and epinephrine
b) oxytocin and histamine
c) norepinephrine and serotonin
d) acetylcholine and substance P
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
45. People with depression are less responsive than other people are to drugs that increase levels of
a) melatonin.
b) cortisol.
c) adrenaline.
d) dopamine.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
46. Current research on the role of neurotransmitters in mood disorders focuses on topics such as
a) how serotonin can be used to lower levels of dopamine.
b) whether dopamine dysfunction is tied to specific symptoms.
c) how the dopamine cascade is associated with mania.
d) why individual variations in dopamine trigger depression.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
47. Activity in which of the following brain structures is elevated in both depression and mania?
a) prefrontal cortex
b) hippocampus
c) striatum
d) anterior cingulate cortex
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
48. Functional brain-imaging studies of people with major depression show
a) elevated activity in the amygdala.
b) decreased activity in the amygdala.
c) diminished volume of the prefrontal cortex.
d) diminished volume of the hippocampus.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
49. Pleasure, motivation, and energy decrease in depression and increase in mania. This pattern suggests neurological changes in the
a) amygdala.
b) second messengers.
c) HPA axis.
d) reward system.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
50. In both animals and humans, too much cortisol appears to produce
a) hypomania.
b) manic symptoms.
c) depressive symptoms.
d) HPA impairment.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
51. Among individuals who are depressed,
a) cortisol levels are often poorly regulated.
b) Cushing’s syndrome is likely to be present.
c) levels of dexamethasone are dysregulated.
d) the cortisol awakening response is diminished.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
52. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are more likely to be elevated in those who experience
a) repeated episodes of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.
b) repeated episodes of depression.
c) a single episode of depression.
d) a single episode of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
53. Childhood adversity, including abuse, appears to increase the risk of
a) bipolar disorder only.
b) depression only.
c) several disorders, including anxiety and depression.
d) virtually every form of psychopathology.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
54. The relationship between stressful life events and depression is best understood by considering
a) the role of the reward system.
b) both vulnerabilities and stressors.
c) HPA activity levels.
d) individual expectations and attitudes.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
55. People who are depressed most commonly have
a) just lost their job.
b) had a best friend die suddenly.
c) recently broken up with their partner.
d) low social support.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
56. Risk of relapse in depression is predicted by
a) high levels of expressed emotion.
b) the depressed individual’s level of expressed emotion.
c) an absence of expressed emotion.
d) inconsistent levels of expressed emotion.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
57. The impact of life stressors on depression can be mitigated by
a) sleep quality.
b) social support.
c) exercise.
d) intelligence.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
58. People with depression may have underlying beliefs that operate outside their awareness to shape the way they make sense of experiences. Such beliefs are known as a(n)
a) affective bias.
b) negative schema.
c) mnemonic distortion.
d) mood modulator.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
59. Which of the following personality traits has been most strongly associated with depression?
a) agreeableness
b) neuroticism
c) extraversion
d) avoidance
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
60. If Stephanie is characterized as a person high in neuroticism, she
a) is not likely to become depressed but is likely to become anxious.
b) is at elevated risk for developing depression.
c) is likely to experience low levels of anxiety but high levels of depression.
d) is most likely clinically depressed.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Application
61. According to Beck’s cognitive theory of depression, the depressive cognitive triad consists of pessimistic views about
a) self, world, and future.
b) past, present, and future.
c) self, family, and community.
d) cognitions, emotions, and behavior.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
62. In Beck’s theory, one form of cognitive bias leading to depression would be excessive attention to
a) the past.
b) global disasters.
c) childhood sexual abuse.
d) negative feedback.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
63. According to hopelessness theory, the most important trigger of depression is having attributions that are
a) stable and specific.
b) unstable and global.
c) unstable and specific.
d) stable and global.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
64. Jill is seeking treatment for depression, which started after a long-term relationship ended. Which of the following would be a global depressive attribution she might make?
a) “My relationship ended badly because that guy was just not right for me.”
b) “There must be something wrong with me, because I always attract people who leave me.”
c) “Sometimes I wonder what the problem is, but I’m hopeful there is a perfect match for me.”
d) “My next relationship will likely be better because I’ve learned more about myself.”
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Application
65. Current views of the etiology of depressive disorders focus
a) primarily on neurobiological factors.
b) primarily on psychosocial factors.
c) on both neurobiological and psychosocial factors.
d) on both neurobiological and genetic factors.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
66. Research indicating that people with bipolar disorder describe themselves as very responsive to rewards may help explain why those with bipolar disorder are at increased risk for becoming manic after
a) life events involving goal attainment.
b) increasing the number of life needs.
c) deep depression.
d) receiving gifts.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
67. In bipolar disorder, depressive episodes are typically triggered by
a) factors similar to those that trigger major depressive episodes.
b) difficulty facing the seriousness of bipolar disorder.
c) aftereffects of manic episodes.
d) neurological changes.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
68. In interpersonal psychotherapy, the focus of treatment is on examining
a) how the past is influencing the present.
b) cognitive biases in relationships.
c) current behaviors and how they developed.
d) major interpersonal problems.
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the biological and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
69. Studies suggest that, with respect to the treatment of depression, interpersonal psychotherapy
a) is relatively ineffective.
b) is comparable in its effectiveness to psychoanalysis.
c) is effective in relieving depression and preventing relapse.
d) is effective in treating depression but fails to prevent relapse, especially in the elderly.
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
70. Jolynn was experiencing major depression, and she went to a therapist who practiced interpersonal therapy. Her therapist probably encouraged her to
a) confront her parents with her anger at them for neglecting her as a child.
b) keep a record of her moods over the course of the day.
c) examine her own way of relating to others in her environment.
d) attempt to replace depressing memories with happy ones.
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Application
71. Behavioral activation involves increasing
a) the number of meaningful relationships.
b) one’s commitment to therapy.
c) exercise and thus serotonin levels.
d) the number of active, pleasurable experiences.
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
72. Mindfulness-based therapy is an adaptation of
a) cognitive therapy.
b) interpersonal therapy.
c) psychoanalysis.
d) behavioral therapy.
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
73. Among people with recurrent depression, mindfulness-based therapy is
a) associated with increased risk of relapse.
b) less effective than conventional psychotherapy.
c) more effective than treatment as usual.
d) generally ineffective.
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Analysis
74. Across psychotherapeutic paradigms, treatment of bipolar disorder often includes which intervention, which is known to increase the likelihood that an individual will take medication as instructed?
a) psychoeducation
b) cognitive therapy
c) behavioral marital therapy
d) behavioral activation
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Analysis
75. Recent trials of psychological treatments of bipolar disorder have shown that
a) only medication should be used to treat bipolar disorder.
b) several established treatments can help reduce the risk of relapse.
c) these treatments help only with the highs (mania) and not with the lows (depression).
d) these treatments work better than medication in decreasing symptoms.
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Analysis
76. In modern applications of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), electrical current
a) is passed through both hemispheres.
b) is passed only through the frontal lobe.
c) is stronger than in the past.
d) is passed through the nondominant hemisphere.
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
77. Jacob’s psychiatrist has recommended electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and Jacob is debating whether to consent to this treatment. Which of the following risks should Jacob consider when making his decision?
a) bone fractures caused by seizure
b) memory loss and confusion
c) developing a seizure disorder
d) permanent changes in brain structure
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Application
78. Electroconvulsive therapy
a) can be highly effective in treating depression, especially depression with psychotic features.
b) is so risky that it is reserved for people who are actively suicidal.
c) is no longer used in the treatment of depression.
d) can be used if a person does not respond to SSRIs by the second week of treatment.
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Analysis
79. Antidepressants are most effective in the treatment of
a) subclinical depression.
b) mild depression.
c) moderate depression.
d) severe depression.
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
80. Given that antidepressant medications have been demonstrated to be effective, why are other treatments for depression still used?
a) The medication is effective only for the first few weeks of use.
b) Medication is effective in treating bipolar but not unipolar patients.
c) The medications are effective only for children and adolescents.
d) Patients often do not recover completely and relapse after they stop taking the medication.
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Analysis
81. Which of the following remains a major problem with the use of medication for the treatment of depression?
a) Relapse occurs after medication is discontinued.
b) Permanent memory loss is associated with some medications.
c) There is little effect on negative attributions.
d) Medication is ineffective with severe, dangerous depression.
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
82. As a treatment for depression, medications
a) are no longer used, since psychotherapy has been demonstrated to be more effective.
b) are used almost exclusively, since they have been found to be superior to psychotherapy.
c) continue to be used despite evidence of ineffectiveness and serious side effects.
d) are used most effectively in conjunction with psychotherapy.
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
83. Scott has bipolar disorder. Which medication is the most likely to be prescribed?
a) imipramine
b) lithium carbonate
c) an MAO inhibitor
d) fluoxetine
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Application
84. If a psychiatrist chooses to prescribe an antidepressant to a person with bipolar disorder,
a) lithium can be stopped during the time the person is taking the antidepressant.
b) it should be an SSRI.
c) it is crucial that a mood-stabilizing medication be prescribed as well.
d) it should be a tricyclic.
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Identify the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
85. Repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is effective in the treatment of
a) treatment-resistant bipolar disorder.
b) only mild to moderate depression.
c) only severe bipolar disorder.
d) treatment-resistant depression.
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Analysis
86. Which of the following describes the relationship between depression and suicide?
a) Almost all people who commit suicide are depressed.
b) Almost all people who are depressed attempt suicide.
c) More than half of the people who attempt suicide are depressed at the time of the act.
d) Contrary to popular belief, there is no relationship between depression and suicide.
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Analysis
87. Alicia, age 22, has major depressive disorder, and her therapist has referred her to a psychiatrist to be evaluated for medication. Which class of medications might be risky because of their association with suicidality among people younger than 25?
a) tricyclics
b) SSRIs
c) MAO inhibitors
d) anticonvulsants
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Application
88. Treatment of bipolar disorder with lithium reduces
a) both the risk and the severity of relapse.
b) the risk of relapse but not the severity of relapse.
c) the severity of relapse but not the risk of relapse.
d) current symptoms but neither the risk nor the severity of relapse.
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Application
89. Data on suicide and gender indicate that more __________ attempt suicide and more __________ actually kill themselves.
a) women; men
b) women; women
c) men; men
d) men; women
Section Reference: Suicide
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain the epidemiology of suicide, the risk factors for suicide, and methods for preventing suicide.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
90. Studies of the epidemiology of suicide suggest that
a) about 9% of people report suicidal ideation at some point in their lives.
b) suicide rates decrease with age.
c) men are more likely than women to attempt suicide.
d) suicide is decreasing sharply in the United States.
Section Reference: Suicide
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain the epidemiology of suicide, the risk factors for suicide, and methods for preventing suicide.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
91. Studies suggest that suicide risk is
a) always due to social factors.
b) always due to environmental factors.
c) partially heritable.
d) caused by low levels of norepinephrine.
Section Reference: Suicide
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain the epidemiology of suicide, the risk factors for suicide, and methods for preventing suicide.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
92. Which characteristic seems to predict the switch from suicidal thoughts to suicidal actions?
a) impulsivity
b) sociability
c) conscientiousness
d) extraversion
Section Reference: Suicide
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain the epidemiology of suicide, the risk factors for suicide, and methods for preventing suicide.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
93. Which of the following characteristics is strongly tied to suicidality?
a) introversion
b) hostility and cynicism
c) ambivalence
d) hopelessness
Section Reference: Suicide
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain the epidemiology of suicide, the risk factors for suicide, and methods for preventing suicide.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
94. When social and psychological risk factors are present, which of the following seems to be especially important in predicting nonsuicidal self-injury?
a) borderline personality disorder
b) self-critical beliefs
c) mania
d) lack of social support
Section: Suicide
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain the epidemiology of suicide, the risk factors for suicide, and methods for preventing suicide.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Question Type: True/False
95. True or false? Premenstrual dysphoric disorder involves mood symptoms that occur during menses.
a) True
b) False
Section: Clinical Descriptions and Epidemiology of Depressive Disorders
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe the symptoms of depression, the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders, and the epidemiology of the depressive disorders.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
Question Type: Essay
96. Compare Beck’s cognitive theory of depression with hopelessness theories.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Evaluation
97. Discuss the genetics of major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
98. Discuss the role of neurotransmitters in the etiology of mood disorders. Be sure to include a discussion of the mixed findings within this area of research.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Synthesis
99. Discuss the relationship between certain symptoms of depression and mania and changes in the sensitivity of the reward system in the brain.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Synthesis
100. Discuss the role of life events in the etiology of depression.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Analysis
101. Define the personality trait known as neuroticism. Discuss the role of neuroticism in relation to depression.
Section Reference: Etiology of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss the genetic, neurobiological, social, and psychological influences that contribute to the mood disorders.
Bloomcode: Synthesis
102. Describe the use of interpersonal therapy for depression and the ways it is distinct from and similar to cognitive therapy for depression.
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Evaluation
103. Define ECT and discuss how it is used today. What are the pros and cons of undergoing this treatment?
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Analysis
104. Discuss the use of lithium in treating bipolar disorder, including both pros and cons. Explain why psychoeducation is important when someone is being treated with lithium.
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Synthesis
105. Discuss the treatment options and prognosis for individuals with bipolar disorder.
Section Reference: Treatment of Mood Disorders
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the medication and psychological treatments of mood disorders as well as the current views of electroconvulsive therapy.
Bloomcode: Analysis
106. Why do people commit suicide? Discuss and critique two different approaches to preventing suicide.
Section Reference: Suicide
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Explain the epidemiology of suicide, the risk factors for suicide, and methods for preventing suicide.
Bloomcode: Synthesis
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Connected Book
Test Bank | Abnormal Psychology Science & Treatment 15e
By Ann M. Kring, Sheri L. Johnson