Chapter.4 Exam Prep Research Methods In Psychopathology - Test Bank | Abnormal Psychology Science & Treatment 15e by Ann M. Kring, Sheri L. Johnson. DOCX document preview.
CHAPTER 4
Research Methods in Psychopathology
Question Type: Multiple Choice
1. Science comes from the Latin word scire, which means
a) “to know.”
b) “to research.”
c) “to question.”
d) All of the above are correct.
Section Reference: Science, Theory, and Hypotheses
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe issues in defining theory and hypotheses.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
2. The scientific approach requires that theories be stated
a) clearly and precisely.
b) as questions.
c) in pedantic terms.
d) without reference to research.
Section Reference: Science, Theory, and Hypotheses
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe issues in defining theory and hypotheses.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
3. A good theory is
a) provable.
b) disprovable.
c) independent of research.
d) comprehensive.
Section Reference: Science, Theory, and Hypotheses
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe issues in defining theory and hypotheses.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
4. “The primary problem is an unconscious anger toward his mother.” What makes this statement unscientific?
a) It is not reliable.
b) It does not make sense.
c) It is not theoretical.
d) It is not testable.
Section Reference: Science, Theory, and Hypotheses
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe issues in defining theory and hypotheses.
Bloomcode: Application
5. A scientific theory
a) is really just an educated guess.
b) is rarely useful in predicting novel phenomena.
c) attempts to systematically account for a class of phenomena.
d) focuses on the creation of new questions rather than on explanations.
Section Reference: Science, Theory, and Hypotheses
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe issues in defining theory and hypotheses.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
6. A good theory should
a) be incapable of being proven wrong.
b) make sense of obscure phenomena.
c) develop directly out of observations.
d) explain cause–effect relationships.
Section Reference: Science, Theory, and Hypotheses
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe issues in defining theory and hypotheses.
Bloomcode: Analysis
7. Which of the following is/are generated by theories?
a) case material
b) hypotheses
c) statistical significance
d) postulates
Section Reference: Science, Theory, and Hypotheses
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Describe issues in defining theory and hypotheses.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
8. Juan wants to conduct research on whether or not studying for a test will improve students’ performance. If he believes it will, what should be his hypothesis?
a) Will studying improve test performance?
b) Will those who don’t study perform worse than those who do?
c) Students who study will perform better on the test.
d) Students who perform poorly will study more for the next test.
Section Reference: Science, Theory, and Hypotheses
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe issues in defining theory and hypotheses.
Bloomcode: Application
9. Which of the following can disconfirm the existence of a relationship but not prove that one exists?
a) correlation
b) case study
c) experiment
d) questionnaire
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Analysis
10. Dr. Lee has been treating someone with an unusual combination of symptoms. He notes that there is no published research on such a combination of symptoms and considers developing a case study. How would Dr. Lee conduct this study?
a) He would try to find other cases like the one he is treating.
b) He would gather detailed historical and biographical information on this single individual.
c) He would examine treatment response using an ABAB design.
d) He would withhold treatment in an effort to fully understand the significance of symptoms.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
11. Which research method would be most useful in generating hypotheses about the cause of a newly discovered, rare abnormality?
a) case study
b) correlational method
c) experimental design
d) ABAB design
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Analysis
12. Case studies can be effective for which of the following purposes?
a) confirming theoretical propositions
b) generating research hypotheses
c) demonstrating universal relationships
d) showing cause–effect relationships
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Analysis
13. Which of the following research methods uses random assignment?
a) experiment
b) correlational study
c) case study
d) realistic study
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Analysis
14. Case studies are particularly useful when studying
a) rare phenomena.
b) large populations.
c) universal observations.
d) obsolete theories.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Analysis
15. Which of the following are valid criticisms of the case-study method?
a) It does not provide the means for ruling out alternative hypotheses.
b) It requires that a large number of people agree to participate in an in-depth study.
c) The results can never be replicated because the method is too idiosyncratic.
d) It has no basis in theory and cannot, therefore, add to the body of scientific knowledge.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Analysis
16. A study based on which of the following research methods would typically take the longest amount of time for a researcher to conduct?
a) case study
b) correlational design
c) experimental method
d) longitudinal design
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Analysis
17. Dr. Bradley has been conducting a case study of Brenda P., a woman with dissociative identity disorder. Which of the following statements by Dr. Bradley is a misuse of the case study method?
a) “Brenda, a woman with dissociative identity disorder, was sexually abused as a child. Therefore, all individuals with multiple personality disorder must have been abuse victims.”
b) “Since Brenda was not sexually abused, the theory that all dissociation is caused by sexual abuse may not be universally true.”
c) “Brenda was sexually molested as a child. This leads me to hypothesize that perhaps other individuals with dissociative identity disorder were molested as children.”
d) “Although Brenda was not sexually abused as a child, her diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder is still appropriate.”
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
18. Correlational research differs from experimental research in that correlational research
a) is associated with external validity.
b) does not involve manipulation of variables.
c) relies on significance tests.
d) samples large groups of participants.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Analysis
19. Which research method could be used to study the largest number of participants quickly?
a) an experiment
b) a case study
c) a survey
d) a correlational study
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Evaluation
20. The more intelligent a person is, the greater the likelihood that they will receive higher grades in school. Most likely, this finding comes from which type of research?
a) case study
b) epidemiology
c) correlational study
d) experiment
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
21. Professor Jones has observed a correlation among her students between sitting in the front of the room and getting good grades in her classes. In order to conduct an “experiment” based on this observation, Professor Jones could
a) collect data on student study habits.
b) assign students randomly to seats.
c) adjust her data for overall grade point average.
d) obtain similar data from other professors and classes.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
22. Which of the following correlation coefficient values demonstrates the highest degree of correlation?
a) –1.00
b) .67
c) .96
d) –.84
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
23. Which correlation coefficient value suggests that two variables are unrelated to each other?
a) –.93
b) –.02
c) .67
d) .91
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
24. A researcher at a psychiatric hospital gathered data showing that, as the amount of time patients spend in outdoor recreation increases, the use of medication for agitation decreases. Which research design was used?
a) observational method
b) correlational method
c) ABAB design
d) longitudinal design
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
25. Research participants were asked to complete a survey on political attitudes and were subsequently shown a disturbing series of photographs and asked to rate their subjective discomfort. What type of study is this?
a) a case-control study
b) a correlational study
c) an experimental study
d) an epidemiological study
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
26. A correlation coefficient can range in value from
a) –1.00 to +1.00.
b) –100 to +100.
c) 0 to 1.
d) 0 to 100.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
27. Which of the following correlation coefficients might have resulted from a study that compared grade point average to hours per week spent partying if the researcher concluded that students who party more get poorer grades?
a) –1.70
b) .70
c) .00
d) –.70
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
28. Which of the following correlation coefficients is plausible for a study that showed that the weight of people’s clothing increases as the outdoor temperature decreases?
a) .20
b) .00
c) –.20
d) –2.0
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
29. Which of the following pairs of variables would be likely to show a negative correlation?
a) intelligence and grade point average
b) amount of time spent playing video games and grade point average
c) length of hair and history of child abuse
d) auto accident risk and blood alcohol level of driver
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
30. A correlation coefficient of .98 between variable X and variable Y would indicate
a) virtually no relationship between X and Y.
b) a causal relationship, where X causes Y.
c) a weak positive relationship between X and Y.
d) a strong positive relationship between X and Y.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
31. If the correlation between two variables is .00, this means that
a) higher scores on one are associated with higher scores on the other.
b) they are perfectly related.
c) there is no relationship between them.
d) they are inversely related.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
32. Dr. Hauser hypothesized that depression is related to stress in that people who are more depressed are also more stressed. Which of the following correlations between depression and stress would best support her hypothesis?
a) .00
b) .55
c) .80
d) –.99
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
33. In a scatter diagram, the __________ widely scattered the points are, the __________ the correlation.
a) more; lower
b) more; higher
c) less; lower
d) less; higher
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Evaluation
34. A statistical finding is usually considered significant if
a) the probability that it is an accurate finding is 5 or less in 100.
b) the probability that it is an accurate finding is 1 or less in 100.
c) the probability that it is a chance finding is 5 or less in 100.
d) the probability that it is a chance finding is 50 or less in 100.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
35. __________ is defined by whether or not a relationship between variables is large enough to matter.
a) Clinical significance
b) Statistical significance
c) Reliable significance
d) Valid significance
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
36. With the __________ method, only people with an above-average likelihood of developing a particular disorder would be studied.
a) scientific
b) correlational
c) heredity
d) high-risk
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
37. Saying that a research result is “statistically significant” means that it probably
a) has practical applications.
b) shows a cause–effect relationship.
c) did not occur by chance.
d) shows a positive correlation.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
38. All other things being equal, which of the following correlation coefficients is most likely to be statistically significant?
a) .00
b) –.10
c) .40
d) –.85
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
39. Statistical significance is used to evaluate
a) the causal relationship between variables.
b) the external validity of research results.
c) the likelihood of results occurring by chance.
d) the theoretical consistency of research results.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
40. The standard for suggesting that a result is statistically significant is that the probability that it occurred by chance is __________ or less in 100.
a) 5
b) 10
c) 15
d) 25
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
41. Dr. Samuelson finds that the correlation between level of hopelessness and intensity of suicidal ideation is .35 and that there is a probability of less than 5 in 100 that this occurred by chance alone. What would be concluded about this correlation?
a) It demonstrates that suicidal ideation causes hopelessness.
b) It is statistically significant.
c) It is unreliable.
d) It is valid.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Evaluation
42. Which of the following findings is most likely to be statistically significant?
a) correlation = .30; sample size = 350
b) correlation = .30; sample size = 200
c) correlation = -.25; sample size = 200
d) can't tell from the available information
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Synthesis
43. If a research study finds that the effect of a new treatment is clinically significant, this means that
a) the effect is large enough to provide reliability information.
b) the treatment provides clinically meaningful improvement.
c) it is not statistically significant.
d) causation can be implied.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
44. Psychopathologists rely on correlational research because
a) it is effective in determining cause and effect.
b) many of the variables they wish to study cannot be manipulated.
c) ethical considerations prevent them from doing case studies.
d) they cannot measure all the constructs.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Analysis
45. Which statement is true regarding correlation?
a) Correlation does not imply causation.
b) Causation does not imply correlation.
c) Both a and b are true.
d) Neither a nor b is true.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
46. Dr. Fiedler found that people with schizophrenia are more likely than those who do not have schizophrenia to have low socioeconomic status. What can you conclude from this finding?
a) Poverty is a cause of schizophrenia.
b) Schizophrenia leads to poverty.
c) Economic reform would reduce the incidence of schizophrenia.
d) Schizophrenia and poverty are related.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
47. Several studies have found a correlation between schizophrenia and family conflict. Which of the following explanations describes the directionality problem associated with these results?
a) The relationship found between schizophrenia and family conflict may not be consistent in different ethnic groups.
b) People with schizophrenia may be less likely to live with their families.
c) Both schizophrenia and family conflict may be caused by low socioeconomic status.
d) Family conflict may be a contributing factor in schizophrenia, or schizophrenia may contribute to family conflict.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
48. In correlational studies, it can be hard to show which variable led to a change in the other variable. This problem has to do with
a) directionality.
b) cross-fostering.
c) incidence.
d) clinical significance.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
49. Professor Misha collects data showing a correlation between grades and happiness. He concludes that being happy helps students get better grades. Which of the following illustrates the directionality problem with the professor’s conclusion?
a) Students in love may be happier and get better grades.
b) Good grades may produce happiness.
c) Students with poor grades may drop out of school.
d) Female (or male) students may get better grades.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
50. In the study of psychopathology, experimental research
a) is simply unethical.
b) can demonstrate cause-and-effect relationships.
c) cannot be used in the study of treatments.
d) has very limited internal validity.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Analysis
51. Directionality is best addressed by
a) using a control group.
b) using a longitudinal design.
c) using a case study.
d) using a correlational design.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
52. You hypothesize that being from an impoverished family causes poor school grades. You find that the correlation between family income and school grades is .01. What can you conclude?
a) You should have used a case study.
b) Your hypothesis is probably correct.
c) There is very little relationship between family income and school grades.
d) It is likely that poor school grades lead to low income.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
53. Ava wants to design a study in which causes and effects are measured at the same point in time because that will be more cost-efficient. This type of study design is called
a) longitudinal.
b) correlational.
c) cross-sectional.
d) epidemiological.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
54. Farrah is working on a study of a group of teenage girls diagnosed with an eating disorder. She plans to measure various outcome measures in this sample repeatedly for the next 25 years. Farrah is most likely working on a study with a/an
a) experimental design.
b) correlational design.
c) cross-sectional design.
d) longitudinal design.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
55. In studying the relationship between socioeconomic status and anxiety disorders, Dr. Stewart follows, from birth to age 30, a group of 50 children whose parents were diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. This is an example of
a) the experimental method.
b) an epidemiological study.
c) a behavioral-genetics study.
d) the high-risk method.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
56. Dr. Hall found a positive relationship between depression and child neglect: Parents who score higher on a measure of depression symptoms report more instances of possible neglect. Which of the following explanations best illustrates the third-variable problem?
a) Neglecting one’s children may cause depression.
b) Poverty may cause both depression and child neglect.
c) The relationship between depression and child neglect may occur only in this sample.
d) Neglected children may have a predisposition to become depressed and then neglect their own children.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
57. A research team found that men who did not exercise had a greater risk of heart disease than those who did. Which of the following explanations best illustrates the third-variable problem?
a) Heart disease might make it more difficult for men to exercise.
b) The relationship between exercise and heart disease might not be causal.
c) Including healthy men might erase the relationship between exercise and heart disease.
d) There may be risk factors like smoking or obesity that cause both heart disease and reluctance to exercise.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
58. Epidemiology is the study of
a) unique cases or unusual disorders.
b) the rates and correlates of disorders in a population.
c) the development of disorders over the life span.
d) mental disorders in other cultures.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
59. The __________ problem is concerned with whether or not some variable other than those being studied may have caused the outcome of a study.
a) third-variable
b) additional variable
c) correlated variable
d) extra variable
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
60. Eric wants to find out about the rate of schizophrenia in a particular region. To answer his question, he would have to look at the findings of
a) epidemiological research.
b) episodic research.
c) longitudinal research.
d) representative research.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
61. Professor Merrick wishes to study the relationship between socioeconomic status and dropping out of high school. Which of the following methods would be most useful?
a) an experiment
b) a case study
c) epidemiological research
d) a mixed design
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
62. What types of methods would help a researcher determine whether there was a relationship between symptoms of schizophrenia and socioeconomic status?
a) epidemiological and case study
b) epidemiological and correlational
c) case study and mixed design
d) correlational and experimental
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
63. “About 2% of adults have obsessive-compulsive disorder.” This is a statement about the __________ of obsessive-compulsive disorder.
a) incidence
b) prevalence
c) risk
d) correlation
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
64. Incidence refers to
a) the likelihood that a disorder will be found in another culture.
b) the number of people who develop new cases of the disorder in a given time period.
c) the proportion of a population that has a disorder now.
d) the likelihood that a person will have a disorder given that the person has a particular characteristic.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
65. “Approximately 487,000 people in the United States were newly diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease in 2019.” This statement is an example of an estimate of the __________ of Alzheimer’s.
a) prevalence
b) incidence
c) risk
d) significance
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
66. A risk factor may be best defined as
a) a characteristic that is likely to create third-variable problems.
b) the likelihood of contracting a disorder in a given time period.
c) the proportion of a population that has a disorder now.
d) a characteristic that increases the likelihood of developing a disorder.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
67. Researchers went door to door conducting structured diagnostic interviews to determine how common particular psychiatric diagnoses were. Which type of research were they engaged in?
a) case study
b) epidemiological
c) correlational
d) experimental
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
68. Frank and Jamal are monozygotic (MZ) twins, so we can expect them to
a) be very similar in a number of ways.
b) be less similar than dizygotic (DZ) twins.
c) be about as similar as other siblings.
d) be similar in some ways and dissimilar in others.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
69. Jacob, who was adopted at birth, is participating in a study of schizophrenia and is in the cross-fostering group. What does this mean?
a) Jacob has at least one biological parent with schizophrenia, but neither of his adoptive parents has schizophrenia.
b) Jacob has at least one biological parent with schizophrenia and at least one adoptive parent with schizophrenia.
c) Jacob has at least one adoptive parent with schizophrenia, but neither of his biological parents has schizophrenia.
d) None of Jacob’s adoptive or biological parents has schizophrenia, but he does.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
70. “The lifetime prevalence of panic disorder is 3.5%.” This statement indicates that
a) new cases of panic disorder will be 3.5% of the population over the next year.
b) there is a 3.5% chance of developing panic disorder before dying.
c) 3.5% of the population that was studied had been diagnosed with panic disorder at some point in their lives.
d) the proportion of chronic panic sufferers is 3.5%.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
71. Epidemiological research can be helpful for
a) addressing third-variable and directionality problems.
b) determining the effectiveness of different treatments.
c) planning for the health care needs of communities.
d) intensive analysis of a disease in a single individual.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
72. What type of research enabled researchers to discover that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is more commonly diagnosed in boys than in girls?
a) case study
b) epidemiological
c) experimental
d) correlational
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs..
Bloomcode: Comprehension
73. What is a common problem in epidemiological studies?
a) They are experimental.
b) They cannot measure prevalence, only incidence.
c) They may draw on samples that are not representative.
d) They do not use sampling schemes.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Analysis
74. A study finds that children of mothers with a fear of heights are more likely to have a fear of heights themselves. Which of the following may be a reason it would be inaccurate to conclude that a fear of heights is genetically transmitted from mother to offspring?
a) Specific phobias cannot be genetically transmitted.
b) The mothers may model phobic behavior.
c) The study did not test the possibility that the children’s fathers have a fear of heights.
d) The children might develop their own new fears.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
75. A researcher finds that the concordance rate for bipolar disorder is higher among monozygotic twins than among dizygotic twins. What could the researcher conclude?
a) Bipolar disorder is partially inherited.
b) Symptoms of bipolar disorder can be learned.
c) Environmental factors cause bipolar disorder.
d) Bipolar disorder is caused by a single bad gene.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Synthesis
76. Concordance for disorders should be greater for __________ pairs than for __________ pairs if there is a genetic predisposition for the condition.
a) monozygotic; dizygotic
b) genotypic; phenotypic
c) dizygotic; monozygotic
d) phenotypic; genotypic
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
77. In research using the twin method, a disorder is likely to be found to be heritable if
a) there is no concordance between twins of either type.
b) concordance is higher in DZ than in MZ twins.
c) concordance is about the same in MZ and DZ twins.
d) concordance is higher in MZ than in DZ twins.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
78. The best evidence supporting a genetic component to a disorder stems from
a) proband studies.
b) studies of twins reared apart.
c) sibling studies.
d) family studies.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
79. The family method focuses on
a) identifying the gene(s) believed to cause inherited disorders.
b) comparing the incidence of a disorder among members of a family.
c) examining twins raised apart.
d) examining phenotypes of nuclear families.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
80. Which of the following is another term for an index case?
a) genotype
b) phenotype
c) proband
d) zygote
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
81. A genetic explanation of schizophrenia would be supported by which of the following findings?
a) A higher concordance exists between DZ twins than between MZ twins.
b) MZ twins reared apart are likely to share the disorder.
c) First-degree relatives of someone with schizophrenia are less likely to have schizophrenia than third-degree relatives.
d) Individuals raised in impoverished families are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia than those raised in wealthy families.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Analysis
82. Which research method studies children adopted and reared by parents at least one of whom has a particular disorder?
a) family method
b) twin method
c) experiment
d) cross-fostering
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
83. Causal relationships are best identified by which research design?
a) case study
b) epidemiological
c) correlational
d) experimental
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Analysis
84. The experimental effect refers to
a) manipulation of the independent variable.
b) random assignment to a condition.
c) measurement of the dependent variable.
d) differences between conditions on the dependent variable.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
85. In the ABAB design, ABAB refers to
a) repeatedly introducing and removing the treatment.
b) repeatedly measuring different behaviors.
c) the statistical procedure used to analyze the results.
d) repeating the procedure with additional subjects.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
86. The ABAB design is not appropriate in the study of behaviors that
a) are not prevalent in the population.
b) do not return to baseline.
c) are highly reactive.
d) have highly heritable components.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Analysis
87. In the ABAB design, the letters A and B refer to different
a) individuals.
b) controls.
c) conditions.
d) measures.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
88. Which of the following is a weakness of the ABAB design?
a) It has low internal validity.
b) It requires a large number of participants with similar pathologies.
c) It may be lacking in external validity.
d) It is expensive and time-consuming to carry out.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
89. Which of the following is considered to be a reversal design?
a) BBAA design
b) ABCD design
c) ABAB design
d) AABB design
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Analysis
90. Dr. Cauldwell finds that the correlation between levels of depression and the intensity of suicidal ideation is .55 and that there is a probability of less than 10 in 100 that this correlation occurred by chance alone. What can be concluded based on this correlation?
a) It demonstrates that suicidal ideation causes hopelessness.
b) While suggestive of a relationship, it is not statistically significant.
c) It suggests that there is no reason to be concerned about suicidal ideation.
d) It suggests that, as depression becomes more intense, suicidal ideation decreases.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Evaluation
91. In the field of psychopathology, what is the most common use of the experimental design?
a) evaluating the effects of therapies
b) discovering the causes of disorders
c) disconfirming the results of correlational studies
d) identifying third variables
Section Reference: One Example of Experimental Research: Treatment Outcome Research
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain the standards and issues in conducting psychotherapy outcome research.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
92. Professor Fulford believes that when people try to block certain thoughts, the thoughts are more intrusive. She randomly assigns participants to two groups: one in which the participants must try to prevent thoughts and one in which the participants can think of anything they wish. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
a) the participants themselves
b) the occurrence of intrusive thoughts
c) whether or not the participants were instructed to try to prevent intrusive thoughts
d) the amount of effort participants exerted
Section Reference: One Example of Experimental Research: Treatment Outcome Research
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain the standards and issues in conducting psychotherapy outcome research.
Bloomcode: Application
93. Dr. Wilhelm randomly assigned 50 depressed patients (half women and half men) to two groups for treatment. One group received medication and the other received cognitive therapy. Ratings of the depression level of the patients were taken before and after treatment. The rating of patients’ depression level is the
a) dependent variable.
b) confound variable.
c) third variable.
d) independent variable.
Section Reference: One Example of Experimental Research: Treatment Outcome Research
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain the standards and issues in conducting psychotherapy outcome research.
Bloomcode: Application
94. In a study where participants are assigned to one of two treatment groups (medication versus cognitive therapy), the type of treatment received is the
a) third variable.
b) classificatory variable.
c) dependent variable.
d) independent variable.
Section Reference: One Example of Experimental Research: Treatment Outcome Research
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain the standards and issues in conducting psychotherapy outcome research.
Bloomcode: Application
95. Persons with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either an attention training group or a social skills training group. Scores on a measure of thought disorder were examined after the end of the training sessions. In this study, the independent variable is __________, and the dependent variable is __________.
a) social skills; the thought disorder scores
b) the thought disorder scores; the treatment group
c) the treatment group assignment; the thought disorder scores
d) the gender of the participants; the treatment group
Section Reference: One Example of Experimental Research: Treatment Outcome Research
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain the standards and issues in conducting psychotherapy outcome research.
Bloomcode: Application
96. In a study of 100 people with panic disorder, 50 were treated with psychotherapy and 50 were treated with medication. At the end of 12 weeks of treatment, the psychotherapy group had an average score of 25 on a scale of panic severity, while the medication group had an average score of 75. This difference is called
a) the within-groups variance.
b) the experimental effect.
c) internal validity.
d) none of the above.
Section Reference: One Example of Experimental Research: Treatment Outcome Research
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain the standards and issues in conducting psychotherapy outcome research.
Bloomcode: Application
97. In an experiment, control groups and random assignment are used to
a) improve internal validity.
b) increase statistical significance.
c) improve external validity.
d) minimize correlations.
Section Reference: One Example of Experimental Research: Treatment Outcome Research
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain the standards and issues in conducting psychotherapy outcome research.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
98. In an experimental design for a study of a certain disorder, the control group is the group that
a) has the disorder in question.
b) does not have the disorder in question.
c) receives the experimental treatment.
d) does not receive the experimental treatment.
Section Reference: One Example of Experimental Research: Treatment Outcome Research
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain the standards and issues in conducting psychotherapy outcome research.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
99. In an experiment, the subjects in the control group do not receive the
a) third variable.
b) treatment.
c) outcome assessment.
d) experimental effect.
Section Reference: One Example of Experimental Research: Treatment Outcome Research
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain the standards and issues in conducting psychotherapy outcome research.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
100. Dr. Reside treated 20 children using a new therapeutic procedure. An outside observer rated the children’s activity level on a laboratory task before and after the treatment; 80% of the children decreased their activity level following treatment. Dr. Reside concluded that the procedure was highly effective. What is the major problem with Dr. Reside’s experiment?
a) lack of a control group
b) lack of a double-blind procedure
c) no baseline measures
d) bias on the part of the observer
Section Reference: One Example of Experimental Research: Treatment Outcome Research
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain the standards and issues in conducting psychotherapy outcome research.
Bloomcode: Analysis
101. When an experimenter can state with confidence that the findings from an experiment are due to the independent variable and not due to other, uncontrolled factors, the research is considered
a) testable.
b) statistically significant.
c) double-blind.
d) internally valid.
Section Reference: One Example of Experimental Research: Treatment Outcome Research
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain the standards and issues in conducting psychotherapy outcome research.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
102. The inclusion of a control group
a) always makes a study internally valid.
b) is among the criteria for a design to be considered an experiment.
c) can never be done ethically when examining the effectiveness of therapy.
d) usually precludes the use of double-blinding.
Section Reference: One Example of Experimental Research: Treatment Outcome Research
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain the standards and issues in conducting psychotherapy outcome research.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
103. Random assignment is
a) used only in a control group.
b) among the criteria for a design to be considered an experiment.
c) used in the correlational method.
d) always unethical in studying treatment outcomes.
Section Reference: One Example of Experimental Research: Treatment Outcome Research
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain the standards and issues in conducting psychotherapy outcome research.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
104. Chris has a terrible migraine headache. His mother gives him a small white pill to take and tells him that it is a new medication specifically for migraines. After taking the pill, Chris reports feeling better. The pill was actually just a breath mint. This phenomenon is an example of
a) misdirection.
b) malingering.
c) the placebo effect.
d) the hopefulness principle.
Section Reference: One Example of Experimental Research: Treatment Outcome Research
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain the standards and issues in conducting psychotherapy outcome research.
Bloomcode: Application
105. Lenny is enrolled in a study examining the psychological treatment of phobias. He sees a therapist weekly and receives support and encouragement, but no gradual exposure to the object of his fear. Lenny is most likely in
a) a treatment group.
b) a control group.
c) an independent-variable group.
d) a low-severity group.
Section Reference: One Example of Experimental Research: Treatment Outcome Research
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain the standards and issues in conducting psychotherapy outcome research.
Bloomcode: Application
106. In a study on the effects of different medications on depression, if the individual dispensing the medication does not know which medication they is giving and the patient is unaware of which medication they are receiving, the study is called a(n)
a) double-blind study.
b) analogue study.
c) externally valid study.
d) confounded study.
Section Reference: One Example of Experimental Research: Treatment Outcome Research
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Explain the standards and issues in conducting psychotherapy outcome research.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
107. Dr. Dominguez conducted a study of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. She developed a new medication that was significantly better than a placebo in treating the disorder, but this effect was not found in a similar study conducted in another laboratory. Dr. Dominguez’s study has __________ internal validity and __________ external validity.
a) high; high
b) high; low
c) low; high
d) low; low
Section Reference: One Example of Experimental Research: Treatment Outcome Research
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain the standards and issues in conducting psychotherapy outcome research.
Bloomcode: Analysis
108. Mary, who has trichotillomania (chronic hair pulling), is enrolled in a single-subject study using an ABAB design to see if she pulls more hair while watching TV. Mary watched TV during dinner for 4 weeks and pulled at least ten hairs a day for those 4 weeks. Then she left the TV off for 4 weeks and pulled only one hair per day for the 4 weeks. In the next step of this design, the experimenter should ask Mary to
a) get other subjects to follow the same procedure.
b) have her mother rate how much she eats.
c) turn the TV back on for 4 weeks.
d) change what she eats during dinner.
Section Reference: One Example of Experimental Research: Treatment Outcome Research
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Explain the standards and issues in conducting psychotherapy outcome research.
Bloomcode: Synthesis
109. To test the impact of therapy on depression, a researcher tells a random half of his study participants (falsely) that they failed an exam. He then conducts 1 hour of therapy with the “failure” group. One week later, the participants given false feedback are no more depressed than the control group, so the researcher concludes that the treatment was effective. This would be described as which type of research?
a) a longitudinal design
b) an analogue experiment
c) a correlational design
d) a convenience study
Section Reference: Analogues in Psychopathology Research
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the types of analogues that are most common in psychopathology research, and identify concerns about the use of analogues.
Bloomcode: Analysis
110. Which of the following steps would improve the external validity of an analogue experiment intended to determine how individuals with clinical depression respond to stressful tasks?
a) include a no-treatment control group
b) perform statistical analyses on the results
c) include people who score high on scales of depressive symptoms
d) include several types of interventions
Section Reference: Analogues in Psychopathology Research
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the types of analogues that are most common in psychopathology research, and identify concerns about the use of analogues.
Bloomcode: Analysis
111. How well do analogue studies work for studying psychopathology?
a) They have good internal validity but the drawback of having to use a model of the issue of interest.
b) They have poor internal validity and do not directly assess the issue of interest.
c) They have good internal validity and allow the direct study of the issue of interest.
d) They have poor internal validity but do allow the direct study of the issue of interest.
Section Reference: Analogues in Psychopathology Research
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the types of analogues that are most common in psychopathology research, and identify concerns about the use of analogues.
Bloomcode: Analysis
112. Dr. Smart conducted a study that examined the physiological reactions of rats reared in isolation to the introduction of a stranger rat in their cage. She wanted to look at the effects of growing up in isolation on social behavior in order to understand more about social phobia in humans. This study is an example of
a) an analogue experiment.
b) a correlational design.
c) an experimental design.
d) a case study.
Section Reference: Analogues in Psychopathology Research
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the types of analogues that are most common in psychopathology research, and identify concerns about the use of analogues.
Bloomcode: Application
113. What type of research design synthesizes information across studies to arrive at general conclusions?
a) longitudinal
b) cross-sectional
c) meta-analysis
d) reversal design
Section Reference: Integrating the Findings of Multiple Studies
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the current debate concerning replicability in science, and list the basic steps in conducting a meta-analysis.
Bloomcode: Analysis
114. Meta-analysis is
a) a method of analyzing data for an individual study.
b) a method of examining the findings from many studies in a quantitative manner.
c) a procedure that allows the inclusion of multiple theoretical perspectives.
d) a procedure that improves the statistical significance of a study.
Section Reference: Integrating the Findings of Multiple Studies
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the current debate concerning replicability in science, and list the basic steps in conducting a meta-analysis.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
115. Meta-analyses summarize the findings of different studies through the use of
a) correlation coefficients.
b) effect sizes.
c) between-group variance.
d) within-group variance.
Section Reference: Integrating the Findings of Multiple Studies
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Discuss the current debate concerning replicability in science, and list the basic steps in conducting a meta-analysis.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
116. Which of the following is a critique of findings from meta-analyses?
a) The summarized studies use different statistical procedures.
b) Different studies reach different conclusions.
c) They summarize findings from studies of varying quality.
d) There are usually insufficient numbers of studies to analyze.
Section Reference: Integrating the Findings of Multiple Studies
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the current debate concerning replicability in science, and list the basic steps in conducting a meta-analysis.
Bloomcode: Analysis
Question Type: Essay
117. Design a study to examine the accuracy of memories of a traumatic event. Be sure to identify who the participants in your study should be and what your research design is.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Application
118. What is the value of a double-blind procedure? What are the limits of this procedure in psychopathology research that does not involve medication?
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Analysis
119. Compare the case study with the single-case design. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Analysis
120. Which research designs generally result in study outcomes with high internal validity? Why? Which ones generally result in study outcomes with high external validity? Why? How does a scientist decide which type of validity is more important for a particular study?
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Synthesis
121. Design an analogue experiment that could be conducted in order to learn more about an aspect of the human experience that cannot be directly tested. Explain why an analogue experiment is necessary. Be sure to identify your independent and dependent variables and state your experimental hypothesis.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Synthesis
122. Describe two major types of research strategies used to study psychopathology. Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of these strategies.
Section Reference: Research Designs in Psychopathology
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of case studies, correlational designs, and experimental designs, and identify common types of correlational and experimental designs.
Bloomcode: Analysis
123. What are the advantages and disadvantages of meta-analysis?
Section Reference: Integrating the Findings of Multiple Studies
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Discuss the current debate concerning replicability in science, and list the basic steps in conducting a meta-analysis.
Bloomcode: Analysis
Document Information
Connected Book
Test Bank | Abnormal Psychology Science & Treatment 15e
By Ann M. Kring, Sheri L. Johnson