Chapter 10: Mental Health Disorders, Special Education Disabilities, and Delinquency

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. ______ is the study of the extent and type of illnesses within populations as well as the factors that impact their distribution.

A. Epidemiology

B. Epistemology

C. Pathology

D. Psychology

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. ______ are the number of new cases of a disorder in a defined population during a specified time period of observation.

A. Contracting rates

B. Evolutionary rates

C. Incidence rates

D. Prevalence rates

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. ______ are the number of existing cases in a defined population during a specified time period of observation.

A. Conception rates

B. Development rates

C. Incidence rates

D. Prevalence rates

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Child and adolescent risk factors for the development of mental health problems and disorders have been divided into three categories: individual factors, family factors, and ______ factors

A. communal

B. environmental

C. neighborhood

D. population-based

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Risk Factors

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. In terms of the development of mental health problems, coming from a lower socioeconomic class is an example of a(n) ______ risk factor.

A. individual

B. family

C. historical

D. dynamic

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Risk Factors

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. For older children and adolescents with an identified mental health disorder or substance abuse issue, the vast majority ______.

A. will not graduate high school

B. have been incarcerated in locked facilities

C. are involved in delinquent behavior

D. do not access or receive adequate treatment or services

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prevalence Rates

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is an example of a ______.

A. behaviorally based disorder

B. conduct disorder

C. learning disorder

D. self-regulation disorder

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Behaviorally Based Disorders

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Which of the following is more prevalent for older school-age children?

A. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

B. behaviorally based disorder

C. conduct disorder

D. oppositional defiant disorder

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Behaviorally Based Disorders

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Young people with ______ display a repetitive and ongoing pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others and societal rules are violated.

A. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

B. behaviorally based disorder

C. conduct disorder

D. oppositional defiant disorder

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Behaviorally Based Disorders

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. ______ affect as much as 4% of the child and adolescent population.

A. Anxiety disorders

B. Depressive disorders

C. Learning disabilities

D. Mood disorders

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Anxiety Disorders

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Which of the following is more prevalent in primary school-age children?

A. agoraphobia

B. overanxious disorder

C. panic disorder

D. separation anxiety

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Anxiety Disorders

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Depression and related disorders are not common for children under ______ years of age, accounting for less than 2% of all cases.

A. 8

B. 12

C. 14

D. 16

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Depression

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. In 2010, which of the following became the first study to address the need for broader and fully representative studies of child and adolescent mental health in the United States?

A. the National Comorbidity Study--Adolescent Supplement

B. the National Study of Youthful Mental Health

C. the National Assessment of Mental Disorders among Adolescents

D. the Youthful Supplement of the National Mental Health Study

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Recent Epidemiology: National Comorbidity Study and National Survey on Drug Use and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. The National Comorbidity Study--Adolescent Supplement collected data from a ______ sample of over 10,000 adolescents.

A. abbreviated

B. convenience

C. representative

D. triangulated

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Recent Epidemiology: National Comorbidity Study and National Survey on Drug Use and Health

Difficulty Level: Hard

15. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration has been investigating and reporting national drug, alcohol, and ______ data across adolescent and adult populations since 2002.

A. behavioral health

B. codependency

C. suicide

D. trauma

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Recent Epidemiology: National Comorbidity Study and National Survey on Drug Use and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration reported in 2014, less than 10% of youth between the ages of 12 and 17 were ______, a slight decrease from when the agency began collecting such data.

A. incarcerated in locked facilities

B. living in abusive homes

C. tobacco users

D. users of illicit drugs

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Recent Epidemiology: National Comorbidity Study and National Survey on Drug Use and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration reported in 2014, 5% of adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age had a(n) ______.

A. conduct disorder

B. learning disability

C. mental health problem

D. substance use disorder

Learning Objective: 10-2: Interpret how certain mental health problems increase the risk for delinquency.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Recent Epidemiology: National Comorbidity Study and National Survey on Drug Use and Health

Difficulty Level: Hard

18. In regard to mental health disorders, the term ______ refers to the concurrent prevalence of more than one difficulty (e.g., ADHD and Anxiety).

A. conjunction

B. comingling

C. comorbidity

D. correlation

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cumulative and Comorbid Impact

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. The coexistence of both a mental health disorder and a substance use disorder is referred to as a ______.

A. concurrent diagnosis

B. co-occurring disorder

C. correlation

D. comingling

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cumulative and Comorbid Impact

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Approximately 30–50% of children with an attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis also received a ______ diagnosis.

A. conduct disorder

B. depressive disorder

C. post-traumatic stress disorder

D. substance abuse issue

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cumulative and Comorbid Impact

Difficulty Level: Hard

21. Childhood depression and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder have been found linked to later delinquency, evidenced through ______ and stealing behaviors.

A. lying behaviors

B. low impulse control

C. physical aggression

D. sexual promiscuity

Learning Objective: 10-3: Examine the pathways across child and adolescent mental health problems, trauma, and juvenile court involvement.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: From Mental Health Problems to Delinquency

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. An adolescent diagnosed with psychosis, bi-polar disorder, or a(n) ______ is said to have a serious emotional difficulty.

A. anxiety disorder

B. depressive disorder

C. mood disorder

D. socialization disorder

Learning Objective: 10-3: Examine the pathways across child and adolescent mental health problems, trauma, and juvenile court involvement.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: From Mental Health Problems to Delinquency

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. As part of bi-polar disorder, someone will have periods of ______, a distinct period of time where the person is consistently on edge, in a heightened state of awareness or energy, may be irritable and display symptoms such as talking much more, engaging in high risk activities, and so on.

A. anxiety

B. hyperactivity

C. mania

D. omnivigilance

Learning Objective: 10-3: Examine the pathways across child and adolescent mental health problems, trauma, and juvenile court involvement.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: From Mental Health Problems to Delinquency

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Juveniles who are involved simultaneously in the child welfare and juvenile justice systems are identified as ______ youths, or dually involved youths.

A. comorbid

B. concurrent

C. correlate

D. crossover

Learning Objective: 10-3: Examine the pathways across child and adolescent mental health problems, trauma, and juvenile court involvement.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mental Health and Trauma

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Children and adolescents who are victims of bullying are at higher risk for substance abuse, ______, and much more likely to report more severe distress and mental health symptoms, as well as increased suicide risk.

A. anxiety

B. depression

C. bi-polar disorder

D. conduct disorder

Learning Objective: 10-3: Examine the pathways across child and adolescent mental health problems, trauma, and juvenile court involvement.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Bullying and Mental Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Today, locked juvenile justice institutions offer ______ to those suffering from mental health conditions.

A. one-on-one counseling services

B. sufficient resources for aid

C. few licensed mental health providers

D. established policies and practices

Learning Objective: 10-4: Describe how juvenile justice correctional facilities have become psychiatric facilities.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Juvenile Incarceration: Today’s Psychiatric Asylums

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Many adolescents in locked juvenile justice facilities have more than one mental health diagnosis, including a majority who have a co-occurring ______.

A. anxiety disorder

B. depressive disorder

C. major emotional disorder

D. substance abuse issue

Learning Objective: 10-4: Describe how juvenile justice correctional facilities have become psychiatric facilities.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Juvenile Incarceration: Today’s Psychiatric Asylums

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. There is evidence to suggest that ______ males who are incarcerated are most likely to report having a mental health or substance abuse disorder.

A. Asian

B. Black

C. Hispanic

D. White

Learning Objective: 10-4: Describe how juvenile justice correctional facilities have become psychiatric facilities.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender and Race

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. Most of today’s juvenile justice institutions are ______ accommodating or rehabilitative in nature.

A. forcibly

B. infrequently

C. required by law to be

D. extremely

Learning Objective: 10-4: Describe how juvenile justice correctional facilities have become psychiatric facilities.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Juvenile Incarceration: Today’s Psychiatric Asylums

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. As with the juvenile justice system’s historical use of houses of refuge and reform schools, ______ has remained an outcome for many youthful offenders.

A. school confinement

B. out-of-home placement

C. rehabilitative placement

D. community confinement

Learning Objective: 10-4: Describe how juvenile justice correctional facilities have become psychiatric facilities.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Juvenile Incarceration: Today’s Psychiatric Asylums

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. Prior to the disability rights movement in the ______ there were few significant federal or state laws protecting the rights of people (children or adults) with disabilities in the United States.

A. 1960s

B. 1970s

C. 1980s

D. 1990s

Learning Objective: 10-5: Appraise the most important disability rights for children and adolescents and their impact on school and education-related services.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Disabilities Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. Section 504 of the ______ was the first law to state that the exclusion of a person with a disability was discrimination, allowing class status for this group, mandating affirmative conduct, and requiring accommodations.

A. Americans with Disabilities Act

B. Civil Rights of Disabled Persons Act

C. Disability Protection Act

D. Rehabilitation Act

Learning Objective: 10-5: Appraise the most important disability rights for children and adolescents and their impact on school and education-related services.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Disabilities Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. The ______ is a broad disability rights law that addresses public accommodations, employment, transportation, telecommunication, and state and local government discrimination.

A. Americans with Disabilities Act

B. Civil Rights of Disabled Persons Act

C. Disability Protection Act

D. Rehabilitation Act

Learning Objective: 10-5: Appraise the most important disability rights for children and adolescents and their impact on school and education-related services.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA)

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. The most important of the federal laws for children and adolescents is the ______, because it protects their education and related rights.

A. Americans with Disabilities Education Act

B. Civility and Education Act

C. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

D. Disabled Americans Education Act

Learning Objective: 10-5: Appraise the most important disability rights for children and adolescents and their impact on school and education-related services.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Disabilities Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. The ______ does not confer additional rights upon those with disabilities but does authorize the U.S. Attorney General to investigate conditions of confinement in institutions, both juvenile detention and adult correctional facilities.

A. American Incarcerative Disabilities Act

B. Civil Rights of Institutionalized Persons Act

C. Individuals in Detention Protections Act

D. Judicial Investigative Rights Act

Learning Objective: 10-5: Appraise the most important disability rights for children and adolescents and their impact on school and education-related services.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Disabilities Rights

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. A(n) ______ is defined as a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations.

A. cognitive disorder

B. educational disability

C. learning disability

D. modulation disorder

Learning Objective: 10-5: Appraise the most important disability rights for children and adolescents and their impact on school and education-related services.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Learning Disabilities and Serious Emotional Disturbance

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Over the past three decades, there have been few representative, nationwide epidemiological studies of children and adolescent mental health problems.

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Results from epidemiological studies indicate that most children and adolescents in the United States have some form of mental health symptoms or disorders.

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. In terms of impairment on daily living, mental health disorders have a greater impact on younger children and adolescents.

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Problems

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and oppositional defiance disorder are all more prevalent for boys than for girls.

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Behaviorally Based Disorders

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. There are two subtypes of oppositional defiance disorder: childhood-onset type and adolescent-onset type.

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Behaviorally Based Disorders

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Overall, anxiety disorders impact both primary and secondary school-age populations equally.

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Anxiety Disorders

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. The study design for the Comorbidity Survey--Adolescent Supplement was longitudinal, allowing for cohort tracking.

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Recent Epidemiology: National Comorbidity Study and National Survey on Drug Use and Health

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration reported that in 2014, that the percentage of adolescents using tobacco products had increased by 50% since 2002.

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Recent Epidemiology: National Comorbidity Study and National Survey on Drug Use and Health

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. There is strong evidence of a direct causal link between mental health problems and disorders and later youthful offending behaviors and delinquency adjudication.

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: From Mental Health Problems to Delinquency

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. Youths who have serious emotional difficulties face challenges accessing appropriate mental health services, have significant trouble in school settings, but are at low risk for formal involvement with the juvenile courts.

Learning Objective: 10-3: Examine the pathways across child and adolescent mental health problems, trauma, and juvenile court involvement.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: From Mental Health Problems to Delinquency

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Females in juvenile detention are at a higher risk than males for mental health difficulties.

Learning Objective: 10-4: Describe how juvenile justice correctional facilities have become psychiatric facilities.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gender and Race

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act is the predecessor of the Americans with Disabilities Act.

Learning Objective: 10-5: Appraise the most important disability rights for children and adolescents and their impact on school and education-related services.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Disabilities Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. The IDEA specifies 12 distinct disability categories.

Learning Objective: 10-5: Appraise the most important disability rights for children and adolescents and their impact on school and education-related services.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Disabilities Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. If an evaluation determines that a student is in need of special education services, school districts must develop an Individualized Education Plan prior to the beginning of each school year.

Learning Objective: 10-5: Appraise the most important disability rights for children and adolescents and their impact on school and education-related services.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Disabilities Rights

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Identify and discuss the various child and adolescent risk factors for the development of mental health problems and disorders. What is a risk factor? What are the three main categories of risk factors? Provide three examples of each category of risk factor.

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Risk Factors

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Discuss how today’s juvenile justice correctional facilities have become psychiatric facilities. How has the size and type of populations of juvenile facilities changed since the 1980s? In what ways are our facilities inadequately equipped to accommodate juveniles with mental health problems?

Learning Objective: 10-4: Describe how juvenile justice correctional facilities have become psychiatric facilities.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Juvenile Incarceration: Today’s Psychiatric Asylums

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Discuss the development of rights for people with disabilities. When did the move toward establishing equal rights begin? Historically, how had people with disabilities been treated? How have disability rights laws have changed over time?

Learning Objective: 10-5: Appraise the most important disability rights for children and adolescents and their impact on school and education-related services.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Disabilities Rights

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Discuss how epidemiology is used to study mental health problems. What is epidemiology? How do prevalence rates, lifetime prevalence rates, and incidence rates differ from one another?

Learning Objective: 10-1: Identify the most common mental health problems within the child and adolescent population and compare for differences to the juvenile court population.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Child and Adolescent Mental Health Problems

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Discuss why students with learning disabilities are at significantly higher risk for offending behaviors and formal juvenile court involvement. Contrast the three prevailing hypotheses explaining this disparity.

Learning Objective: 10-2: Interpret how certain mental health problems increase the risk for delinquency.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: From Learning Disabilities to Delinquency

Difficulty Level: Hard