Matter and Minerals – Ch1 | Geology Test Bank – 8th Ed

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Foundations of Earth Science, 8e (Lutgens/Tarbuck/Tasa)

Chapter 1 Matter and Minerals

1.1 Multiple-Choice Questions

1) Which of the following best defines the relationship between minerals and rocks?

A) A rock has an orderly, repetitive, geometrical, internal arrangement of minerals; a mineral is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of rocks.

B) A mineral consists of atoms arranged in a geometrically repetitive structure; in a rock, the atoms are randomly bonded without any geometric pattern.

C) In a mineral, atoms are bonded in a regular, repetitive, internal structure; a rock is a lithified or consolidated aggregate of mineral grains.

D) A rock consists of atoms bonded in a regular, geometrically predictable arrangement; a mineral is a consolidated aggregate of rock particles.

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2, G7

Section: 1.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks

Focus/Concepts: 1.1

ESLI: 1.2 Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works.

2) All of the atoms making up any given element have the same number of ________.

A) electrons in the nucleus

B) protons in the nucleus

C) neutrons in the outer nuclear shell

D) electrons in the outermost valence shell

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 1.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.2

ESLI: 1.2 Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works.

3) Atoms that have an electrical charge due to a gain or loss of electrons are called ________.

A) ions

B) isotopes

C) isochrons

D) neutrons

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 1.3 Why Atoms Bond

Focus/Concepts: 1.3

ESLI: 1.2 Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works.

4) When in contact with hydrochloric acid, which mineral gives off bubbles of carbon dioxide gas?

A) quartz

B) halite

C) calcite

D) fluorite

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.2

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

5) The appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of a mineral is known as ________.

A) cleavage

B) luster

C) specific gravity

D) streak

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

6) Which common mineral is composed entirely of silicon and oxygen?

A) calcite

B) diamond

C) olivine

D) quartz

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

7) Which of the following silicate minerals is the most abundant in Earth's crust?

A) pyroxene

B) olivine

C) garnet

D) feldspars

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

8) Which of the following minerals is a silicate (a mineral containing a silicon-bearing ion)?

A) hematite

B) feldspar

C) calcite

D) halite

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

9) Which one of the following mineral groups exhibits a sheet-like silicate structure?

A) carbonates

B) pyroxenes

C) micas

D) feldspars

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

10) The ion at the center of a silicon—oxygen tetrahedron is surrounded by ________.

A) 4 oxygen ions

B) 6 oxygen ions

C) 4 sodium ions

D) 6 sodium ions

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

ESLI: 1.2 Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works.

11) The resistance of a mineral to scratching or abrasion is known as ________.

A) luster

B) cleavage

C) streak

D) hardness

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

12) Imagine you are handed a mineral sample. It breaks with a conchoidal fracture but displays no cleavage. It does not react with hydrochloric acid, is a light pink color, and has a nonmetallic luster. It is harder than a streak plate, and has a specific gravity of 2.65. What mineral is it?

A) olivine

B) potassium feldspar

C) calcite

D) quartz

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2, G7, G9

Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

13) You are handed a sample of an unknown silicate mineral. Which two elements must it contain?

A) silicon and oxygen

B) iron and silicon

C) carbon and hydrogen

D) silicon and sodium

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

14) What element is the most abundant in Earth's crust by weight?

A) carbon

B) chlorine

C) oxygen

D) lead

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

15) Which of the following is a silicate mineral with a single-chained structure?

A) olivine

B) pyroxene

C) amphibole

D) mica

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

16) Due to the arrangement of weaker bonds in their crystal lattice, the tendency of certain minerals to break along smooth, parallel planes is known as ________.

A) streak

B) cleavage

C) luster

D) crystal habit

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G3

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

17) An atom's mass number is 13 and its atomic number is 6. How many neutrons are in its nucleus?

A) 19

B) 13

C) 7

D) 6

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2, G4

Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

18) Three of the following are true for minerals. Which one of the following is not true for minerals?

A) They have a specific, predictable chemical composition.

B) They have an orderly internal crystalline structure.

C) They can be identified by characteristic physical properties.

D) They can be a liquid, solid, or gas.

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks

Focus/Concepts: 1.1

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

19) Which the following are the positively charged particles in an atom's nucleus?

A) protons

B) neutrons

C) ions

D) electrons

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.2

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

20) Which of the following has the highest specific gravity?

A) styrofoam

B) water

C) halite

D) gold

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

21) Which of the following properties would be least useful for identifying a sample of calcite?

A) reaction to hydrochloric acid

B) three planes of cleavage

C) white color

D) hardness of 3 on the Mohs scale

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2, G9

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

22) A cubic centimeter each of quartz, olivine, and native gold weighs 2.5, 3.0, and 19.8 grams, respectively. These weights indicate that ________.

A) gold has a higher density and specific gravity than quartz and olivine

B) olivine melts at a higher temperature than either gold or quartz

C) gold is 6 to 7 times harder than olivine and quartz

D) gold and olivine qualify as silicates, but quartz would not

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G2, G4

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

23) Which of the following silicate minerals forms from single tetrahedra?

A) biotite

B) quartz

C) potassium feldspar

D) olivine

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

24) If a mineral has a specific gravity of 3, it must be ________ times as dense as water.

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2, G4

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

25) ________ exhibits a conchoidal fracture.

A) Quartz

B) Halite

C) Gypsum

D) Calcite

Diff: 1

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Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

26) The ________ mineral group reacts to hydrochloric acid.

A) silicate

B) carbonate

C) halide

D) oxide

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

27) An aggregate of one or more minerals is called a(n) ________.

A) atom

B) compound

C) ionic bond

D) rock

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks

Focus/Concepts: 1.1

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

28) Biotite has which of the following types of cleavage?

A) cleavage in one direction

B) two directions at 90° angles

C) three directions at 90° angles

D) cleavage in four directions

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

29) A mineral's resistance to breaking, bending, or cutting is defined as:

A) Fracture

B) Cleavage

C) Tenacity

D) Specific gravity

Diff: 1

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Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

30) ________ bonding is the sharing of valence atoms between a pair of atoms.

A) Ionic

B) Metallic

C) Hydrogen

D) Covalent

Diff: 1

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Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.3 Why Atoms Bond

Focus/Concepts: 1.3

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

31) The most common group of minerals in Earth's crust are the ________.

A) oxides

B) carbonates

C) native metals

D) silicates

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

32) Feldspar minerals can look very similar to each other, what would you look for to differentiate plagioclase feldspar from potassium feldspar?

A) striations on plagioclase feldspar

B) cleavage angles

C) hardness

D) crystal habit

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

33) If an atom has an equal number of electrons and protons, it would be considered ________.

A) electrically neutral

B) electrically positive

C) electrically negative

D) metallic

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2, G7

Section: 1.3 Why Atoms Bond

Focus/Concepts: 1.3

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

34) Which of the following elements has the most valance electrons in its outermost shell?

A) carbon

B) nitrogen

C) oxygen

D) helium

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 1.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.2

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

35) The ability of a mineral to transmit both light and an image in the mineral is described as ________.

A) opaque

B) transparent

C) translucent

D) cloudy

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

36) The terms bladed, fibrous, cubic, and platy describe ________.

A) tenacity

B) mineral strength

C) crystal habit

D) density

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G1

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

37) ________ is the study of minerals.

A) Paleontology

B) Mineralogy

C) Petrology

D) Tenacity

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G1

Section: 1.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks

Focus/Concepts: 1.1

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

38) Which of the following minerals comprises just one element?

A) diamond

B) halite

C) quartz

D) talc

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

39) ________ is the powdered form of the mineral.

A) Density

B) Streak

C) Hardness

D) Crystal habit

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

40) Limestone is most similar to the mineral ________.

A) quartz

B) gypsum

C) halite

D) calcite

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks

Focus/Concepts: 1.1

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

41) Which of the following minerals would best be utilized for extracted iron to make steel?

A) hematite

B) dolomite

C) quartz

D) talc

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2, G5, G7

Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

42) ________ is the softest mineral and ________ is the hardest mineral on Mohs scale.

A) Talc; topaz

B) Gypsum; quartz

C) Talc; diamond

D) Gypsum; diamond

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

43) Which of the following minerals has a metallic luster?

A) quartz

B) galena

C) diamond

D) halite

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

44) Most silicate minerals form from ________.

A) earthquakes

B) meteorite impacts

C) erosional processes

D) molten rock

Diff: 1

Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

Global Sci Out: G2, G7

Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

1.2 Matching Questions

Match the following items with the correct descriptions.

A) a mineral consisting of a poisonous gas ionically bonded to an extremely reactive metal.

B) a mineral in the carbonate family; showing three planes of cleavage and a fizzing reaction to hydrochloric acid.

C) a silicate mineral which has silicon-oxygen tetrahedra bonded in single-chained formation along with iron or magnesium atoms.

D) a rock composed of nonmineral matter.

E) an item that is solid like a mineral, has definite chemical composition, and shows distinctive physical properties, but does not have an orderly crystalline structure.

F) silicate mineral consisting solely of silicon and oxygen, with silicon-oxygen tetrahedra bonded in a complex three-dimensional network.

G) a mineral made of oxidized hydrogen.

H) an item that is solid like a mineral, has definite chemical composition, and shows distinctive physical properties, but is not naturally occurring.

1) ice

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

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Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

2) dinner plate

Diff: 3

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Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

3) quartz

Diff: 3

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Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

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4) glass

Diff: 3

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Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

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5) halite

Diff: 3

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Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

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6) coal

Diff: 3

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Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

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7) calcite

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

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Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

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8) pyroxene

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

Answers: 1) G 2) H 3) F 4) E 5) A 6) D 7) B 8) C

Match the chemical bond with the correct definition.

A) sharing of one or more valence electrons between a pair of atoms.

B) valence electrons are free to move from one atom to another so all atoms share the available valence electrons.

C) one atom gives up one or more valence electrons to another atom to form ions.

9) Metallic Bond

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Section: 1.3 Why Atoms Bond

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10) Ionic Bond

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Section: 1.3 Why Atoms Bond

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11) Covalent Bond

Diff: 3

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Section: 1.3 Why Atoms Bond

Focus/Concepts: 1.3

ESLI: 1.2 Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works.

Answers: 9) B 10) C 11) A

Match the directional cleavage with the correct mineral.

A) cleavage in three directions at 90° angles.

B) cleavage in two directions at 90° angles.

C) cleavage in one direction.

D) cleavage in four directions.

E) cleavage in three directions not at 90° angles.

F) cleavage in two directions not at 90° angles.

12) Fluorite

Diff: 3

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Global Sci Out: G7

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

13) Calcite

Diff: 3

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Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

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14) Halite

Diff: 3

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Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

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15) Hornblende

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Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

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16) Feldspar

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Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

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17) Muscovite

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Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

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Answers: 12) D 13) E 14) A 15) F 16) B 17) C

1.3 Essay Questions

1) Which elements are most common in the Earth's crust? What sorts of minerals (i.e., specific families) result from these particularly common elements? What sorts of rocks are most common in the crust as a result?

Diff: 3

Bloom's Taxonomy: Evaluating/Creating

Global Sci Out: G2, G7

Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

2) Describe in detail the relationship between elements, minerals, and rocks. Give a specific example of a specific element that is included in a specific mineral that is included in a specific rock.

Diff: 3

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Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

ESLI: 4.6 Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere.

3) Compare and contrast the light silicate minerals and dark silicate minerals, and give examples of each.

Diff: 2

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Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

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4) What is the octet rule? Describe how it explains the behavior of atoms in forming ionic and covalent bonds.

Diff: 1

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Section: 1.3 Why Atoms Bond

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5) Quartz has a specific gravity of about 2.65. A 5-gallon bucket of water weighs 40 pounds. How much would a 5-gallon volume of solid quartz weigh?

Diff: 2

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Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.2 Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works.

6) Describe the characteristics a substance must possess in order to qualify as a mineral, and then describe which of the following cannot be minerals, listing a specific reason for each.

a. Gold nugget

b. Seawater

c. Quartz

d. Cubic zirconia

e. Obsidian

f. Ruby

g. Glacial ice

h. Amber

Diff: 2

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Section: 1.2 Atoms: Building Blocks of Minerals

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7) What steps would you take in order to identify a mineral by its physical properties?

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Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

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8) Calcite, halite, gypsum, and quartz are all light colored minerals with a similar appearance; however each mineral has a diagnostic property that makes it distinguishable from the others. Discuss in detail how you could easily identify these minerals.

Halite is salty with cleavage planes three directions of cleavage at right angles.

Gypsum is very soft, can be scratched with your fingernail. Quartz has a conchoidal fracture and will scratch glass.

Diff: 3

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Section: 1.5 Mineral Groups

Focus/Concepts: 1.5

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9) Ice and water both comprise H2O, yet water is not considered a mineral. Explain why ice is considered a mineral yet water is not.

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Section: 1.1 Minerals: Building Blocks of Rocks

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ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

10) Quartz often occurs naturally in a variety of colors and consequently is often misidentified or confused with other minerals. Explain why quartz may crystallize in a variety of colors despite having the same chemical formula.

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Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

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1.4 Visual Questions

1) How many cleavage directions does this mineral specimen display?

A) 1

B) 2

C) 3

D) 4

Diff: 2

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Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.2 Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works.

2) Both of the samples pictured here are examples of the mineral pyrite. The physical property that sets them apart is ________.

A) reaction to hydrochloric acid

B) crystal habit

C) streak

D) specific gravity

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G7, G9

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.2 Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works.

3) Use the accompanying figure of the Mohs scale of hardness to answer this question. If you have a mineral sample that is capable of scratching a penny but is scratched by a wire nail, its hardness must be ________.

A) less than 3.5

B) between 3.5 and 4.5

C) greater than 4.5

D) less than 2.5

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G3

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.

4) Label each of the five atoms in this silicon-oxygen tetrahedron.

Diff: 2

Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

Global Sci Out: G2

Section: 1.4 Properties of Minerals

Focus/Concepts: 1.4

ESLI: 1.3 Earth science investigations take many different forms.