Liss Exam Prep Mental Health Ch.13 - Psychology of Women and Gender 1e Complete Test Bank by Miriam Liss. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 13: Mental Health
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
13.1 Women and Madness: A Historical Perspective
13.1a. Identify factors that affect perceptions of women as mentally ill and/or as criminals, and describe the ways in which the criminalization of women both affects and is affected by their mental health.
13.1b. Summarize how women’s mental health was understood and treated through the 19th century, and identify contradictions evident in how mental health problems were diagnosed and treated.
13.1c. Describe how mental health was understood beginning in the 20th century and outline criticisms of current systems for diagnosing mental illness.
13.2 Mental Health Diagnoses
13.2a. Define major depression and describe gender differences in depression and explanations for these gender differences.
13.2b. Identify the core symptoms of common anxiety disorders and describe potential explanations for gender differences in anxiety.
13.2c. Identify how trauma is related to gender, different types of trauma that people experience directly and indirectly, and factors that affect healing after trauma.
13.2d. Describe the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) eating disorders, gender differences in eating disorders, and the relationship between these disorders and sociocultural expectations for girls and women.
13.2e. Outline the major features of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and argue that the traditional over-diagnosis of women with this BPD reflects sexism.
13.3 Feminist Therapy
13.3a. Describe feminist therapy and compare and contrast the goals of feminist versus traditional therapists.
13.3b. Identify the major components of feminist therapy that are considered to be standard parts of effective therapy more generally.
13.3c. Discuss the roles of consciousness raising, self-care, and cultivating assertiveness and autonomy in feminist therapy and what specifically makes each of these feminist interventions.
13.3d. Consider the ways in which feminist therapists address social justice.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. When women like Sandra Bland and Marissa Alexander act to protect themselves from actual or potential threats from aggressive men, they are at risk for arrest because
a. | they display behaviors that run counter to expectations for White femininity. |
b. | women are expected to appease men, including policemen, by being compliant and cooperative. |
c. | police do not receive adequate training for interacting with people affected by mental health or domestic violence-related problems. |
d. | All of the answer options are correct. |
2. About _____ % of women in the United States who have been incarcerated have experienced interpersonal violence victimization.
a. | 33 |
b. | 68 |
c. | 75 |
d. | 92 |
3. Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of mental health problems experienced by women in prison?
a. | Many women in prison have histories of interpersonal violence and this type of trauma adversely affects mental health. |
b. | Many women in prison lack access to quality mental health treatment options. |
c. | Women in prison are most commonly diagnosed with personality disorders. |
d. | Women in prison are most commonly diagnosed with disorders related to substance use. |
4. Which of the following women is MOST likely to be criminalized by police for her unusual behavior?
a. | Tanisha, who is sweeping the sidewalk |
b. | Tonya, who is yelling and shaking her fist in the air |
c. | Keisha, who is stacking pennies into tall towers, knocking them down, and then stacking them again |
d. | Kiki, who is alone, talking out loud, and walking in circles around the park |
5. Women are often viewed as mentally ill if they act in ways that seem
a. | counter to expectations for femininity. |
b. | consistent with expectations for femininity. |
c. | to be reactions to oppression. |
d. | All of the answer options are correct. |
6. Which was NOT widely accepted as a likely early explanation for women’s mental health illnesses?
a. | being possessed by demons or other supernatural forces |
b. | being oppressed by strict gendered norms for behavior |
c. | having a wandering uterus |
d. | being childfree |
7. Seizures, fears, and a sense of suffocation are symptoms of __________, the very first mental problem associated with women.
a. | gender identity disorder |
b. | hysteria |
c. | neurosis |
d. | panic disorder |
8. Early treatments for hysteria in women have included which of the following?
a. | drinking wine |
b. | engaging in orgies |
c. | receiving genital massage to orgasm by a midwife |
d. | All of the answer options are correct. |
9. Freud’s seduction theory suggested that women often developed mental health symptoms
a. | after having experienced sexual abuse. |
b. | because of guilt about masturbation. |
c. | because of unconscious sexual fantasies. |
d. | All of the answer options are correct. |
10. The mass release of people diagnosed with mental illness from psychiatric hospitals to the community was known as
a. | deindividuation. |
b. | reverse hysteria. |
c. | deinstitutionalization. |
d. | the community mental health movement. |
11. Which of the following women living in the United States during the 1970s would be MOST likely to receive a prescription for “mother’s little helper”?
a. | Valerie, a homeless White woman, who experiences anxiety related to being evicted |
b. | Velma, a Mexican American single mother, who is depressed after she loses her job |
c. | Vera, a White woman, who is unhappy in her marriage |
d. | Victoria, a Black mother of triplets, who is overwhelmed with parenting responsibilities |
12. Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate about the use of antidepressant medications?
a. | Anti-depressants like Prozac have helped many women manage their mood and suicidal thoughts. |
b. | Anti-depressants like Prozac help women to cope with adverse social and interpersonal forces that are not mitigated by medication. |
c. | About 50% of women and 25% of men over the age of 50 are prescribed anti-depressants |
d. | About 20% of women and 12% of men in their 40s and 50s are prescribed anti-depressants. |
13. The medical model of abnormal psychology suggests that mental illness
a. | stems from the ways in which mental health problems are viewed as less legitimate than physical health problems. |
b. | stems from an individual’s physical health behaviors because nutrition and exercise habits affect mood and cognition. |
c. | is the result of underlying physical problems and can be diagnosed objectively. |
d. | can only be understood within the specific life circumstances in which symptoms manifest. |
14. Deciding that a client’s psychological problems can be labeled in such a way as to represent a particular disorder is called
a. | talk therapy. |
b. | oppression. |
c. | diagnosis. |
d. | validation. |
15. The diagnostic criteria used to define what is and is not abnormal
a. | are decided by people who overwhelmingly have financial ties to drug manufacturers and pharmaceutical companies. |
b. | are decided by people who are overwhelmingly White, American, and male. |
c. | are based at least in part on cultural norms for expected behavior. |
d. | All of the answer options are correct. |
16. Which of the following adult women BEST matches the description of a healthy woman according to the mental health professionals who participated in the classic study by Broverman and colleagues (1970)?
a. | A submissive adult whose feelings are easily hurt and who cultivates an attractive appearance |
b. | An emotionally stable adult who is unconcerned with wearing makeup |
c. | An adventurous adult who describes herself as fiercely independent |
d. | An adventurous adult who is emotionally unstable |
17. When an individual wishes to be recognized and treated as a different gender from the one based on their assigned sex at birth, that person may be diagnosed as having ___________, according to the DSM-5.
a. | transphobia |
b. | gender confusion |
c. | gender dysphoria |
d. | psychosis |
18. Which of the following people involved in a debate in an abnormal psychology class offers the BEST feminist critique of the concept of mental illness?
a. | Miriam, who says, “Mental illness is under-recognized and under-treated in society.” |
b. | Mindy, who says, “It’s wrong to focus on individual distress and to ignore the structural causes of distress.” |
c. | Malika, who says, “Women are mostly being diagnosed by men.” |
d. | Mia, who says, “Diagnoses are important because they allow for insurance coverage to pay for treatment.” |
19. Which is NOT a theory from the text as to why women are more often diagnosed with depression than men?
a. | Compared to men, women are more likely to seek mental health support. |
b. | Compared to men, women are more likely to remember having experienced depressive episodes. |
c. | Compared to men, women are more likely to have physical problems that involve symptoms of depression. |
d. | Compared to men, women are more likely to inherit genetic risk for depression from their birth parents. |
20. Currently, despite a lack of direct evidence, it is widely assumed by health care professionals that women may be at greater risk for depression than men because of
a. | hormonal differences. |
b. | differences in their occipital lobes. |
c. | the uterus. |
d. | All of the answer options are correct. |
21. An obsessive, repetitive thinking pattern that can lead to depressive symptoms is also known as
a. | rumination. |
b. | reduction. |
c. | compulsions. |
d. | cognitive loops. |
22. Which is the LEAST accurate statement about gender differences in rumination?
a. | Compared to men, women ruminate more often. |
b. | Compared to men, women are more negatively affected by rumination. |
c. | Compared to men, women’s greater risk for depression may be partially due to differences in rumination. |
d. | Compared to men, women’s greater risk for depression is mostly due to differences in rumination. |
23. Which of the following women BEST illustrates the concept of self-silencing?
a. | Jashvina, who promises not to share a secret and follows through on her promise |
b. | Xiomara, who stops talking completely after she loses her hearing |
c. | Yvonne, who learned that women and children should only speak when spoken to |
d. | Zoe, who avoids telling her spouse how she feels so that he won’t be angry |
24. Self-silencing and repressed anger among Latinx girls and women are MOST closely related to
a. | marianismo. |
b. | racism. |
c. | ethnocentrism. |
d. | poverty. |
25. Which message about Black womanhood might promote vulnerability to depression?
a. | “Black is beautiful.” |
b. | “Black women are strong.” |
c. | “Black women are spiritual.” |
d. | None of the answer options is correct; each of the positive messages should buffer against depression. |
26. Which of the following middle-aged women is most likely to also be vulnerable to depression?
a. | Gloria, whose hair is turning gray |
b. | Hannah, whose breasts now sag |
c. | Ilsa, who is alarmed to notice her waistline has expanded |
d. | Jenny, who wishes she had the same athletic stamina she had in her 20s |
27. When women _____, they are “doing femininity” in ways that might increase their risk for depression.
a. | worry about their appearance |
b. | avoid speaking their minds to preserve their relationships |
c. | sacrifice their own goals for the sake of others |
d. | All of the answer options are correct. |
28. Women are at greater risk for depression if they
a. | work part time rather than stay home to parent children. |
b. | serve as caregivers for a parent or spouse. |
c. | show a balance of caring for others (feminine) combined with self-care (masculine). |
d. | All of the answer options are correct. |
29. Which of the following is a type of procedure aimed at changing a client’s sexual orientation?
a. | conversion therapy |
b. | electroconversion |
c. | cardioversion therapy |
d. | cognitive therapy |
30. Which of the following individuals is at greatest risk for developing depression?
a. | A single mother who receives public assistance to help her care for her three children |
b. | A single woman who is pregnant and considering having an abortion because she has limited financial resources |
c. | A single woman whose child who attends school on an athletic scholarship |
d. | None of the answer options is correct; all options seem to be at about equal risk for depression. |
31. Which of the following is a barrier to psychotherapy for women in poverty who have depression?
a. | Talking during a therapy session does not necessarily address hardships, such as food insecurity, that affect mood. |
b. | Therapists may show judgment toward clients rather than support. |
c. | Women may lack the necessary resources, such as transportation and child care, to be able to attend therapy appointments. |
d. | All of the answer options are correct. |
32. Adverse childhood experiences (ACES) include which of the following?
a. | experiencing or witnessing physical and sexual abuse |
b. | experiencing emotional abuse and neglect |
c. | experiencing the loss of a parent |
d. | All of the answer options are correct. |
33. Anxiety related to being in public and away from home is known as
a. | agoraphobia. |
b. | generalized anxiety. |
c. | panic disorder. |
d. | a specific phobia. |
34. Elyse is developing a fear of attacks; she unexpectedly has acute episodes of anxiety and is developing patterns of worry about having her next episode. Based on the available information, Elyse would most likely be diagnosed with
a. | agoraphobia. |
b. | generalized anxiety. |
c. | panic disorder. |
d. | a specific phobia. |
35. Women have a greater risk for being diagnosed with an anxiety disorder compared to men possibly due to which of the following?
a. | the tendency for men to drink or use substances to self-medicate distress |
b. | women’s greater risk for adverse life stressors such as abuse and harassment |
c. | expectations for mothers to enact intensive mothering |
d. | All of the answer options are correct. |
36. Which is NOT part of the specific feminist analysis from the text about how the diagnosis of agoraphobia is applied to women?
a. | For women, private spaces have traditionally been seen as the appropriate social domain than public spaces. |
b. | Traditionally, women have been seen as dependent on men, including for protection in public. |
c. | Women’s greater risk for agoraphobia can be linked to the lack of autonomy that women generally experience over their lives. |
d. | Women’s greater risk for agoraphobia can be linked to the lack of formal education that women routinely receive about how to manage stress harassment. |
37. When she began to go through puberty, Ellie experienced unwanted sexual attention from a family member. Ellie began to have nightmares and avoid family gatherings. Based on the available information, Ellie would most likely be diagnosed with
a. | post-traumatic stress disorder. |
b. | generalized anxiety disorder. |
c. | panic disorder. |
d. | a specific phobia. |
38. After women and men in the military are exposed to combat trauma,
a. | they are equally likely to develop post-traumatic stress. |
b. | less educated women and men are equally likely to develop post-traumatic stress; more educated women show less risk than more educated men. |
c. | women are more likely than men to develop post-traumatic stress. |
d. | men are more likely than women to develop post-traumatic stress. |
39. Why are women are more likely than men to develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following combat trauma?
a. | Compared to men, women have less physical as well as mental strength and resilience. |
b. | Compared to men, women feel less social support within the military and less cohesiveness with their unit. |
c. | Compared to men, women are more empathic after witnessing combat related deaths of civilians, especially children. |
d. | Compared to men, women feel less identified with male leaders who direct their combat actions. |
40. Which of the following refers to the unresolved grief that affects an individual or group in successive generations of those who have suffered significant trauma?
a. | post-traumatic stress disorder |
b. | complex PTSD |
c. | historical trauma |
d. | post-traumatic growth |
41. Research suggests that people who are the descendants of _____ experience historical trauma.
a. | slaves |
b. | Holocaust survivors |
c. | Native Americans removed from their families |
d. | All of the answer options are correct. |
42. Which of the following eating disorders is the LEAST common?
a. | anorexia nervosa |
b. | binge eating disorder |
c. | bulimia nervosa |
d. | All of the eating disorders listed are equally common. |
43. Unlike people diagnosed with bulimia nervosa, those diagnosed with anorexia nervosa
a. | are perfectionists. |
b. | strive to be thin. |
c. | show a significant reduction in body weight. |
d. | are frequently also abusing alcohol. |
44. Lara is stressed about midterms. She buys a dozen glazed donuts intending to eat one a day for the next several days, but she can’t stop herself from eating all of the donuts in one sitting. Lara goes to the gym to work out for the rest of the day because she is panicked about her caloric intake. These behaviors are MOST characteristic of which of the following?
a. | anorexia nervosa |
b. | binge eating disorder |
c. | bulimia nervosa |
d. | internalization of the thin ideal |
45. An inability to form stable relationships, difficulties maintaining interpersonal boundaries, and the tendency to experience physical symptoms when under stress are all symptoms of _____ disorder.
a. | post-traumatic stress |
b. | generalized anxiety |
c. | panic |
d. | borderline personality |
46. Risk factors for borderline personality disorder include
a. | genes. |
b. | childhood trauma. |
c. | parents who act in erratic, impulsive, and violent ways. |
d. | All of the answer options are correct. |
47. Which of the following individuals provides the clearest example of borderline personality disorder?
a. | Missy, who explodes with rage, demands that her husband leave, then feels abandoned by him |
b. | Nora, who can’t make a decision on her own, and who has to ask her partner and children for their advice |
c. | Paula, who overeats under stress and then purges the food by taking laxatives because she’s terrified of gaining weight |
d. | Rosa, who is terrified of dogs and won’t go for walks because she’s afraid of running into one |
48. The psychological disorder described in the text that is most similar to borderline personality disorder is
a. | generalized anxiety disorder. |
b. | complex PTSD. |
c. | agoraphobia. |
d. | depression. |
49. Identify which of the following statements from a therapist that best expresses the feminist orientation toward therapy?
a. | “I use empirically based techniques to help you cope effectively with the problems in your life.” |
b. | “I believe that some people benefit from therapy, some from medication, and some from both.” |
c. | “A mental health diagnosis indicates that a person has had significant problems in social or occupational functioning.” |
d. | “Experiences of devaluation and disempowerment impair individual emotional well-being.” |
50. Which is NOT a part of feminist therapy?
a. | identifying how individuals are affected by patriarchal systems |
b. | prescribing medication |
c. | encouraging the patient to resist advice offered by anyone who is a man |
d. | encouraging the patient to resist internalizing patriarchal gender ideals |
51. Which of the following specifically refers to the goal of helping clients distinguish between internal and external sources of distress to avoid unnecessary self-blame?
a. | feminist therapy |
b. | feminist consciousness |
c. | dialectical behavioral therapy |
d. | mindfulness |
52. Which of the following dimensions of work associated with feminist therapy are now considered best practices used by even non-feminist therapists?
a. | hypnosis |
b. | dream analysis |
c. | appropriate self-disclosure |
d. | psychoanalysis |
53. Which of the following associations with feminist therapy is now considered a best practice used by even nonfeminist therapists?
a. | a collaborative relationship |
b. | competency in multi-cultural practice |
c. | appropriate self-disclosure |
d. | All of the answer options are correct. |
54. Therapists exhibit which of the following when they are aware of their core beliefs about poverty and social class and when they are open to exploring with clients the role of social class in relation to mental health?
a. | a collaborative relationship |
b. | mindfulness |
c. | appropriate self-disclosure |
d. | class competency |
55. Which of the following practices involves the nonjudgmental acceptance of one’s sensations, emotions, and circumstances?
a. | a collaborative relationship |
b. | mindfulness |
c. | appropriate self-disclosure |
d. | class competency |
56. Which of the following people is exhibiting mindfulness?
a. | Edna, who is angry at herself for feeling hungry again; she was hoping to lose weight but has so many cravings and can’t ignore them. |
b. | Ella, who whenever she has strong feelings, she finds it hard to tolerate them, so she self-medicates with alcohol. |
c. | Esther, who thinks to herself, “I didn’t do what they wanted. I don’t enjoy situations when I let people down,” whenever she receives feedback at work. |
d. | Emma, who is rejected by a graduate school and thinks to herself, “I didn’t want to go there anyway.” |
57. What is the intended effect of helping clients view personal problems as situated within larger structural systems?
a. | to reduce self-blame |
b. | to discourage people from accepting personal responsibility |
c. | to promote a liberal political agenda |
d. | All of the answer options are correct. |
58. Which of the following clients would benefit the most from consciousness raising?
a. | Mary, who is being sexually harassed by her boss and feels guilty because her boss is married |
b. | Anita, who is depressed following the sudden death of her sister |
c. | Aliza, who is too anxious to drive after she crashed her car into a tree |
d. | Callie, who tends to cope with stress and negative emotions by eating junk foods |
59. Common barriers to self-care include
a. | being worried about acting selfishly. |
b. | having too many responsibilities to spend time prioritizing oneself. |
c. | having limited resources. |
d. | All of the answer options are correct. |
60. Which of the following individuals is NOT engaging in self-care behaviors?
a. | Jenna, who talks with her beloved niece at least once a week |
b. | Nikkita, who exercises before work every other day |
c. | Deanna, who buys groceries because she is in charge of family meal planning |
d. | Laura, who permits herself 15 minutes a day to read whatever she wants |
61. Which of the following is a technique developed to treat individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and that combines skills training in areas such as mindfulness, emotional regulation, and assertiveness?
a. | sex role analysis |
b. | dialectical behavior therapy |
c. | appropriate self-disclosure |
d. | class competency |
62. The acronym DEAR MAN used in a specific type of feminist therapy refers to
a. | drop everything and read, man. |
b. | describe, express, assert, reinforce, (be) mindful, appear confident, and negotiate. |
c. | a strategy to appease men when they seem threatening to keep oneself safe. |
d. | direct energy at realistic multiple actions (when) necessary. |
63. Which term refers to practices that enable people to better recognize the ways in which they are affected by gendered stereotypes about appropriate roles?
a. | sex role analysis |
b. | dialectical behavior therapy |
c. | appropriate self-disclosure |
d. | class competency |
64. Which of the following individuals is NOT being encouraged to participate in a sex role analysis?
a. | Sarita, who is encouraged to consider whether it is acceptable for her house to be less clean than her own mother’s house |
b. | Sylvia, who is asked to consider how reasonable it is for her to demand full custody of her children |
c. | Sally, whose therapist suggests she consider whether she is less worthy of a raise than her co-worker |
d. | Sadie, whose mom encourages her to think more positively about her menstrual periods as reflecting a special connection to nature |
65. Which of the following statements from therapists describes the therapist as being an advocate for social justice?
a. | “I’m going to need to call child protective services because your children are hungry.” |
b. | “I’ll be treating your depression and referring you to a social worker for help accessing material resources.” |
c. | “Let’s do our therapy session in the car on the way to the food pantry.” |
d. | All of the answer options are correct. |
1. Identify at least three specific contradictions in how and why mental health problems were diagnosed and/or treated in women before and during the 19th century.
2. Compare and contrast at least two similarities and two differences in how Valium and Prozac were seen and used in promoting women’s mental health.
3. Describe at least two biological, two cognitive, and two sociocultural explanations for why women are more likely than adult men to be diagnosed with major depression.
4. Danielle, who is pregnant, is worried about changes to her body shape and size, as well as whether she is eating any foods that compromise the health of her pregnancy. She is also worried about how her relationship with her partner will be affected once they have a baby to care for and are faced with the responsibility of parenthood. Identify the anxiety disorder diagnosis that would best fit for Danielle’s symptoms, and identify at least two ways in which her symptoms seem to be associated with gender socialization for ideal femininity.
5. Define anorexia nervosa, and identify at least two specific ways in which sociocultural expectations for girls and women are associated with the symptoms of anorexia nervosa.
6. Outline the major features of borderline personality disorder (BPD), and explain why the traditional over-diagnosis of women with BPD reflects sexism.
7. Compare and contrast feminist therapists and traditional therapists by identifying at least two specific similarities and two important differences.
8. Barbra is angry to learn that her college is offering self-defense classes for women. She says that these classes put the responsibility for women’s safety on potential victims rather than directly preventing violence and assault. Provide an explanation you could offer to Barbra that these classes are (a) consistent with the values of feminist therapy and (b) beneficial to participants.
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Psychology of Women and Gender 1e Complete Test Bank
By Miriam Liss