Chapter 13: Juvenile Justice

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following translates to “the best interests of the child” and was used to justify the removal of youth from their families and their placement under the care of institutions?

a. parens patriae

b. parens precipitate

c. state patriae

d. state precipitate

Learning Objective: 13-1: Discuss the history of the juvenile justice system.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: History of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

2. ______ created what is considered to be the first juvenile court in the United States.

a. Massachusetts

b. Illinois

c. Indiana

d. Florida

Learning Objective: 13-1: Discuss the history of the juvenile justice system.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

3. The Society for Prevention of Pauperism established the first house of refuge in ______.

a. Massachusetts

b. Illinois

c. New York

d. Pennsylvania

Learning Objective: 13-1: Discuss the history of the juvenile justice system.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

4. Which of the following institutions focused NOT only on young offenders but also on children whose parents were unable to care for them due to disease, neglect, or death?

a. house of refuge

b. reform school

c. detention center

d. juvenile court

Learning Objective: 13-1: Discuss the history of the juvenile justice system.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: History of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

5. Unlike issues such as crime or poverty, ______ was seen as the “undeserving poor.”

a. refuge

b. pauperism

c. reform

d. patriae

Learning Objective: 13-1: Discuss the history of the juvenile justice system.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: History of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

6. ______ refers to the belief that certain classes of the poor were dishonest, lazy, and manipulate individuals.

a. Refuge

b. Pauperism

c. Reform

d. Patriae

Learning Objective: 13-1: Discuss the history of the juvenile justice system.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

7. What was the focus of the early refuge institutions?

a. educate

b. corporal punishment

c. rehabilitate

d. deter

Learning Objective: 13-1: Discuss the history of the juvenile justice system.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: History of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

8. The child savers reform movements was comprised of primarily ______.

a. lower-class uneducated woman

b. middle-class educated woman

c. middle-class educated men

d. lower-class uneducated men

Learning Objective: 13-1: Discuss the history of the juvenile justice system.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

9. In ______, the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles must be informed of their right to remain silent, have the right to attorney (including having one provided for them if they cannot afford one), have the right to a reasonable notice of the charges against them, and have the right to confront and cross examine witnesses.

a. In re Winship

b. In re Gualt

c. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

d. Kent v. U.S.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify the U.S. Supreme Court cases and their decisions that established due process in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The U.S. Supreme Court and Juveniles

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

10. In ______, the Supreme Court ruled that to waive jurisdiction without a hearing was a violation of the U.S. Constitution. This finding was significant as it was the first time that the structure of the juvenile court was successfully challenged by the Court. In many ways, this decision provided the foundation for subsequent cases to fight for the due process rights for juveniles.

a. In re Winship

b. In re Gualt

c. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

d. Kent v. U.S.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify the U.S. Supreme Court cases and their decisions that established due process in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The U.S. Supreme Court and Juveniles

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

11. In ______, the Supreme Court ruled that the burden of proof for juvenile adjudication hearings must be beyond a reasonable doubt.

a. In re Winship

b. In re Gualt

c. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

d. Kent v. U.S.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify the U.S. Supreme Court cases and their decisions that established due process in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The U.S. Supreme Court and Juveniles

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

12. In ______ case, the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles do NOT have the constitutional right to a jury.

a. In re Winship

b. In re Gualt

c. McKeiver v. Pennsylvania

d. Kent v. U.S.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify the U.S. Supreme Court cases and their decisions that established due process in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The U.S. Supreme Court and Juveniles

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

13. In ______ case, the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles cannot be tried for the same case in both the juvenile court and the criminal court.

a. Breed v. Jones

b. Roper v. Simmons

c. Graham v. Florida

d. Miller v. Alabama

Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify the U.S. Supreme Court cases and their decisions that established due process in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The U.S. Supreme Court and Juveniles

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

14. In ______, the Supreme Court justices determined that age was an important factor in determining whether a juvenile should be subjected to the death penalty.

a. Breed v. Jones

b. Roper v. Simmons

c. Graham v. Florida

d. Thompson v. Oklahoma

Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify the U.S. Supreme Court cases and their decisions that established due process in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The U.S. Supreme Court and Juveniles

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

15. In ______ held that there was no national consensus prohibiting the death penalty for juvenile murderers who were either 16 or 17 years old at the time of their crime.

a. Breed v. Jones

b. Stanford v. Kentucky

c. Graham v. Florida

d. Thompson v. Oklahoma

Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify the U.S. Supreme Court cases and their decisions that established due process in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The U.S. Supreme Court and Juveniles

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

16. ______ refers to an act committed by a juvenile that would NOT be considered a crime if committed by an adult such as running away and truancy.

a. Delinquent act

b. Status offense

c. youthful crime

d. Dependency

Learning Objective: 13-2: Compare the two different case types that the juvenile court has jurisdiction over.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Delinquency Cases

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

17. ______ refers NOT only to those acts that would be considered criminal under the law, but also to status offenses.

a. Delinquency

b. Status offense

c. Youthful crime

d. Dependency

Learning Objective: 13-2: Compare the two different case types that the juvenile court has jurisdiction over.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Delinquency Cases

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

18. Which of the following is an example of a status offense?

a. prostitution

b. truancy

c. public intoxication

d. jaywalking

Learning Objective: 13-2: Compare the two different case types that the juvenile court has jurisdiction over.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Delinquency Cases

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

19. ______ cases involve youth who have been harmed or neglected by their parents.

a. Delinquent act

b. Status offense

c. Crime

d. Dependency

Learning Objective: 13-2: Compare the two different case types that the juvenile court has jurisdiction over.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dependency Cases

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

20. ______ custody means that the court is now responsible for all the decisions made about the child.

a. Dependent

b. Legal

c. Physical

d. Formal

Learning Objective: 13-2: Compare the two different case types that the juvenile court has jurisdiction over.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dependency Cases

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

21. ______ custody refers to when a youth is sent to live in a temporary home, such as group home, foster family, or with another family member.

a. Dependent

b. Legal

c. Physical

d. Formal

Learning Objective: 13-2: Compare the two different case types that the juvenile court has jurisdiction over.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dependency Cases

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

22. In dependency cases, which of the following situations can take place?

a. children can remain under the custody of their parents without supervision or any counseling

b. children can be moved to another family member or group home while the parents work with social services

c. children cannot be removed from the parents’ custody while the court determines whether parental rights should be terminated

d. children can remain under the custody without supervision while the court determines the status of the case

Learning Objective: 13-2: Compare the two different case types that the juvenile court has jurisdiction over.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Dependency Cases

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

23. Unlike adults that are arrested, juveniles enter the system through the ______ branch.

a. intake

b. adjudication

c. disposition

d. waiver

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Intake

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

24. ______ allows for a youth to complete a set of requirements in lieu of being processed by the juvenile court.

a. Dependency

b. Processing

c. Diversion

d. Adjudication

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Intake

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

25. In juvenile justice, ______ refers to the trial.

a. intake

b. adjudication

c. disposition

d. commitment

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adjudication

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

26. A(n) ______ is a legal filing that allows for the juvenile court to retain jurisdiction in a case.

a. adjudication hearing

b. delinquency petition

c. disposition hearing

d. intake

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Processing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

27. Which of the following types of diversion programs involve supervision at various levels?

a. case management

b. family-based treatment

c. youth court

d. individual treatment

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Diversion

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

28. Which of the following types of diversion programs provide counseling to offenders to encourage changes to their at-risk or delinquent behavior?

a. case management

b. family-based treatment

c. youth court

d. individual treatment

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Diversion

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

29. Which of the following types of diversion programs provides a therapeutic approach not only for the offender but for the parents and siblings as well?

a. case management

b. family-based treatment

c. youth court

d. individual treatment

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Diversion

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

30. Which of the following types of diversion programs use peers from the community to “sentence” offenders for low-level acts of delinquency?

a. case management

b. family-based treatment

c. youth court

d. individual treatment

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Diversion

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

31. Which of the following types of diversion programs use a victim- and community-centered approach designed to repair the harms caused by the delinquent behavior?

a. case management

b. family-based treatment

c. restorative justice

d. individual treatment

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Diversion

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

32. In juvenile justice, ______ refers to the sentence.

a. intake

b. adjudication

c. disposition

d. commitment

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adjudication

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

33. In juvenile cases, which of the following individuals renders the decision in a case?

a. jury

b. judge

c. prosecutor

d. arresting officer

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Adjudication

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

34. A(n) ______ determines the plan of action for the case.

a. adjudication hearing

b. disposition hearing

c. delinquency case

d. dependency case

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adjudication

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

35. A(n) ______ means that the youth did NOT commit a new crime, rather they were punished for breaking the terms and conditions of their community supervision.

a. recidivism violation

b. informal violation

c. formal violation

d. technical violation

Learning Objective: 13-6: Identify some of the challenges for juvenile incarceration.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sentencing

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

36. ______ youth are incarcerated at a rate of 4.5 times greater than ______ youth.

a. African American; White

b. White; Hispanic

c. Asian; African American

d. Hispanic; Asian

Learning Objective: 13-6: Identify some of the challenges for juvenile incarceration.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sentencing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

37. Which of the following are examples of a technical violation?

a. not doing homework

b. failing to check in with siblings

c. violating curfew

d. public intoxication

Learning Objective: 13-6: Identify some of the challenges for juvenile incarceration.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sentencing

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

38. Which of the following called for a deinstitutionalization of juvenile delinquents and specifically targeted the incarceration of status offenders?

a. Roper v. Simmons (2005)

b. Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (1974)

c. Juvenile Substance Abuse Act (2000)

d. Juvenile Super Predator Act (2010)

Learning Objective: 13-6: Identify some of the challenges for juvenile incarceration.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Confinement

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

39. In juvenile justice, ______ refers would be called parole in adult court.

a. institutionalization

b. commitment

c. release

d. aftercare

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Confinement

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

40. ______ are short-term interventions that have been modeled after military-style basic-training programs.

a. Halfway houses

b. Group homes

c. Rehabilitation centers

d. Boot camps

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Confinement

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

41. Which of the following is similar to parole in the adult system?

a. group homes

b. after care

c. adjudication

d. boot camp

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Confinement

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

42. Which of the following is similar to the term guilty in the adult system?

a. adjudicated

b. disposition

c. commitment

d. aftercare

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Confinement

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

43. Which of the following is similar to being charged in the adult court?

a. adjudicated

b. detention hearing

c. petition

d. aftercare

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Confinement

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

44. In ______ case, the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles cannot be sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole for non-homicide crimes.

a. Breed v. Jones

b. Roper v. Simmons

c. Graham v. Florida

d. Miller v. Alabama

Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify the U.S. Supreme Court cases and their decisions that established due process in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Confinement

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

45. In ______ case, the Supreme Court ruled that the execution of individuals under the age of 18 is a violation of the eighth amendment.

a. Breed v. Jones

b. Roper v. Simmons

c. Graham v. Florida

d. Miller v. Alabama

Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify the U.S. Supreme Court cases and their decisions that established due process in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Confinement

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

46. In ______ case, the Supreme Court ruled that mandatory life without the possibility of parole sentences for juveniles in homicide cases is unconstitutional.

a. Breed v. Jones

b. Roper v. Simmons

c. Graham v. Florida

d. Miller v. Alabama

Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify the U.S. Supreme Court cases and their decisions that established due process in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Confinement

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

47. Which of the following terms was created by DiJulio to predict a new wave of kids who would NOT have any sense of remorse for their crimes?

a. delinquents plus

b. juvenile predators

c. superpredators

d. juvenilists

Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify the U.S. Supreme Court cases and their decisions that established due process in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Confinement

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

48. A juvenile ______ is when a case is transferred to the adult criminal court for processing.

a. referral

b. waiver

c. disposition

d. transfer

Learning Objective: 13-5: Explain the different types of juvenile waivers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Juvenile Waiver

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

49. A ______ occurs when a case involving youths of a particular age, combined with a specific category of offense (usually involving serious and violent felonies) are automatically sent to criminal court.

a. judicial waiver

b. legislative waiver

c. prosecutorial waiver

d. formal waiver

Learning Objective: 13-5: Explain the different types of juvenile waivers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Legislative Waiver

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

50. In a ______ it is up to the prosecutor to decide whether to file the case in the juvenile court or in the criminal court.

a. judicial waiver

b. legislative waiver

c. prosecutorial waiver

d. formal waiver

Learning Objective: 13-5: Explain the different types of juvenile waivers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prosecutorial Waiver

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

51. The process by which a prosecutor files a case involving a juvenile offender in criminal court is referred to as ______.

a. adjudication

b. intake

c. confinement

d. direct file

Learning Objective: 13-5: Explain the different types of juvenile waivers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prosecutorial Waiver

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

52. In a ______, the juvenile court must hold a hearing to assess whether the youth could still benefit from the resources available to the juvenile court.

a. judicial waiver

b. legislative waiver

c. prosecutorial waiver

d. formal waiver

Learning Objective: 13-5: Explain the different types of juvenile waivers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Judicial Waiver

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

53. Discretionary waivers are also referred to as ______.

a. judicial waiver

b. legislative waiver

c. prosecutorial waiver

d. formal waiver

Learning Objective: 13-5: Explain the different types of juvenile waivers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Judicial Waiver

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

54. In order to have a juvenile cases waived to the adult court the court has to determine whether the juvenile meets which of the following proscribed characteristics?

a. socioeconomic status

b. residency

c. probable cause

d. educational background

Learning Objective: 13-5: Explain the different types of juvenile waivers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Judicial Waiver

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

55. Cases in which the juvenile court has to hold a hearing to assess whether the youth could still benefit from the resources available in the juvenile court are referred to as ______.

a. mandatory waiver

b. legislative waiver

c. prosecutorial waiver

d. judicial waiver

Learning Objective: 13-5: Explain the different types of juvenile waivers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Judicial Waiver

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

56. Data shows that in 2014, girls were more likely to be involved in which of the following crimes?

a. drug-related crimes

b. crimes against persons

c. property crimes

d. violent crimes

Learning Objective: 13-6: Identify some of the challenges for juvenile incarceration.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Demographics of Juvenile Offenders

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

57. Data shows that White and Hispanic youth are most likely to be involved in ______.

a. crimes against persons

b. property crimes

c. drug-related crimes

d. violent crimes

Learning Objective: 13-6: Identify some of the challenges for juvenile incarceration.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Demographics of Juvenile Offenders

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

58. Which of the following racial/ethnic groups makes up on one percent of cases across all offense types?

a. African American

b. White

c. Hispanic/Latino

d. American Indian

Learning Objective: 13-6: Identify some of the challenges for juvenile incarceration.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Demographics of Juvenile Offenders

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

59. According to proponents of zero-tolerance policies in schools, policies such as these have curbed which of the following criminal behaviors?

a. white-collar

b. alcohol-related

c. bullying

d. aggravated assault

Learning Objective: 13-6: Identify some of the challenges for juvenile incarceration.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Current Controversy 13.1: Have Zero-Tolerance Policies Made Schools Safer?

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

60. According to opponents of zero-tolerance policies in schools, which of the following may lead students who are late to school to avoid attempting to attend school?

a. fear of being bullied

b. risk of a police encounter

c. time taken checking backpacks

d. sense of alienation

Learning Objective: 13-6: Identify some of the challenges for juvenile incarceration.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Current Controversy 13.1: Have Zero-Tolerance Policies Made Schools Safer?

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

True/False

1. The House of Refuge was formed in Chicago in 1825.

Learning Objective: 13-1: Discuss the history of the juvenile justice system.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

2. The term pauperism means “undeserving poor.”

Learning Objective: 13-1: Discuss the history of the juvenile justice system.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

3. Parens patriae translates to “the best interests of the child.”

Learning Objective: 13-1: Discuss the history of the juvenile justice system.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

4. The first juvenile court was established in New York in 1899.

Learning Objective: 13-1: Discuss the history of the juvenile justice system.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: History of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

5. In the case of Kent v. U.S., the Supreme court ruled that juveniles are entitled to due process rights including notification of charges, protection against self-incrimination, and the right to attorney.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify the U.S. Supreme Court cases and their decisions that established due process in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The U.S. Supreme Court and Juveniles

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

6. In the case of McKeiver v. Pennsylvania, the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles have a right to a trial by jury.

Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify the U.S. Supreme Court cases and their decisions that established due process in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The U.S. Supreme Court and Juveniles

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

7. The juvenile court has jurisdiction over two types of cases: delinquency and dependency.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Compare the two different case types that the juvenile court has jurisdiction over.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Structure of the Juvenile Court

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

8. Truancy is not considered a delinquent act for juveniles.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Compare the two different case types that the juvenile court has jurisdiction over.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Delinquency Cases

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

9. Running away from home is a status offense for a juvenile.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Compare the two different case types that the juvenile court has jurisdiction over.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Delinquency Cases

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

10. Dependence refers NOT only to those acts that would be considered criminal under the law but also to status offenses.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Compare the two different case types that the juvenile court has jurisdiction over.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Delinquency Cases

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

11. Dependency cases involve youth who have been harmed or neglected by their parents.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Compare the two different case types that the juvenile court has jurisdiction over.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dependency Cases

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

12. Legal custody means that the court is now responsible for all the decisions made about the child.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Compare the two different case types that the juvenile court has jurisdiction over.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dependency Cases

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

13. Family-based treatment diversion programs provide a therapeutic approach NOT only for the offender but for the parents and siblings as well.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Diversion

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

14. Youth court programs use a victim- and community-centered approach designed to repair the harms caused by the delinquent behavior.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Diversion

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

15. A technical violation means that the youth did NOT commit a new crime; rather, she or he was punished for breaking the terms and conditions of community supervision.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sentencing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

16. A technical violation can also include status offenses.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sentencing

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

17. The majority of youth are held in detention (short-term residential) facilities or long-term, secure residential facilities.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Confinement

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

18. The purpose of a boot camp setting is to incorporate physical training, discipline, and leadership training with other traditional treatment resources, such as counseling and education.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Confinement

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

19. The juvenile justice process essentially involves three stages: intake, adjudication, and disposition.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Juvenile Justice Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

20. Diversion allows for a youth to complete a set of requirements in lieu of being processed by the juvenile court.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Diversion

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

21. Adjudication is similar to a trial in the adult court.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adjudication

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

22. The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (1974) requires that states address issues of disproportionate minority contact of youth of color at all stages of the juvenile justice process.

Learning Objective: 13-6: Identify some of the challenges for juvenile incarceration.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Confinement

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

23. Juvenile waivers involve laws specifying a minimum age at which cases are automatically sent to criminal court for certain crimes.

Learning Objective: 13-5: Explain the different types of juvenile waivers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Juvenile Waiver

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

24. The process by which a prosecutor files a case involving a juvenile offender in criminal court is referred to as indirect file.

Learning Objective: 13-5: Explain the different types of juvenile waivers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Juvenile Waiver

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

25. Many states have “once waived, always waived” policies, which mean that once a youth is sent to the criminal court, any subsequent cases that occur, will be handled by the adult court, regardless of the severity.

Learning Objective: 13-5: Explain the different types of juvenile waivers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Legislative Waiver

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

Short Answer

1. Note and describe the two different types of cases that juvenile courts hear. Provide an example of each.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Compare the two different case types that the juvenile court has jurisdiction over.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Structure of the Juvenile Court

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

2. What was the focus of early institutions?

Learning Objective: 13-1: Discuss the history of the juvenile justice system.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: History of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

3. Explain pauperism.

Learning Objective: 13-1: Discuss the history of the juvenile justice system.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: History of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Easy

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

4. Explain the significance of In re Winship (1970).

Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify the U.S. Supreme Court cases and their decisions that established due process in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The U.S. Supreme Court and Juveniles

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

5. Define and provide one example of a dependency case.

Learning Objective: 13-2: Compare the two different case types that the juvenile court has jurisdiction over.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Dependency Cases

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

6. Describe the stages in a juvenile court.

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Intake

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

7. What is the intake process?

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Intake

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

8. What is a dispositional hearing?

Learning Objective: 13-3: Discuss the process of cases in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Adjudication

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

9. Discuss the different forms of placement for juveniles.

Learning Objective: 13-6: Identify some of the challenges for juvenile incarceration.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Juvenile Confinement

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

10. Describe the judicial waiver.

Learning Objective: 13-5: Explain the different types of juvenile waivers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Judicial Waiver

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

Essay

1. Explain the developments leading to the creation of the first juvenile court.

Learning Objective: 13-1: Discuss the history of the juvenile justice system.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: History of the Juvenile Justice System

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

2. Explain the background and significance of Kent v. U.S. (1966).

Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify the U.S. Supreme Court cases and their decisions that established due process in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The U.S. Supreme Court and Juveniles

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

3. Can a juvenile be sentenced to death? Explain the history behind why this is or is not the case?

Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify the U.S. Supreme Court cases and their decisions that established due process in the juvenile court.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Confinement

Difficulty Level: Hard

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

4. Explain the differences between the different types of juvenile waivers.

Learning Objective: 13-5: Explain the different types of juvenile waivers.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Judicial Waiver

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.

5. Using the information provided in the text, discuss the current demographics of juvenile offenders. What do the demographic statistics show?

Learning Objective: 13-6: Identify some of the challenges for juvenile incarceration.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Demographics of Juvenile Offenders

Difficulty Level: Medium

TOP: SAGE Course Outcome: Analyze important criminal justice issues and their impact on society, including those related to juvenile justice, terrorism, and cybercrime.