intro Biochemistry – Ch20 | Test Bank – Clinical Focus – 15th

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Package Title: Hein Test Bank

Course Title: Hein 15e

Chapter Number: 20

Question Type: Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following lists the four major elements found in living matter?

A. sulfur, carbon, iron, and hydrogen

B. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

C. iron, carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen

D. phosphorous, sulfur, nitrogen, and carbon

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Name the four major classes of biomolecules.

Reference: Section 20.1

2. Which term is used for the study of biological compounds?

A. Organic chemistry

B. Biochemistry

C Analytical chemistry

D. Inorganic chemistry

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Name the four major classes of biomolecules.

Reference: Section 20.1

3. The most abundant unsaturated acids in fats and oils contain

A. 5 carbon atoms.

B. 30 carbon atoms.

C. 6 carbon atoms.

D. 18 carbon atoms.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides

Reference: Section 20.3

4. Carboxylic acids with a long carbon chains are called

A. fatty acids.

B. amino acids.

C. nucleic acids.

D. lipids.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides

Reference: Section 20.3

5. The four major classes of molecules upon which all life depends are

A. carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

B. carbohydrates, ethers, proteins, and nucleic acids.

C. carbohydrates, alcohols, proteins, and nucleic acids.

D. alcohols, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Name the four major classes of biomolecules.

Reference: Section 20.1

6. What type of molecules is insoluble in water?

A. carbohydrates

B lipids

C. proteins

D. amino acids

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Name the four major classes of biomolecules.

Reference: Section 20.1

7. C_x(H₂O)_y is an general formula used to represent

A. lipids.

B. carbohydrates.

C. alcohols.

D. proteins.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

8. (CH₂O)_n is an general formula used to represent

A. proteins.

B. nucleic acids.

C. esters.

D. carbohydrates.

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

9. A gene is

A. a chromosome.

B. a segment of the DNA chain that codifies a protein or RNA.

C. a part of the nucleus of the cell.

D. a nucleoprotein.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

10. What types of molecules carry hereditary information?

A. carbohydrates

B. proteins

C. lipids

D. nucleic acid

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

11. Fats are solid at room temperature because

A. they contain a large amount of hydrogen bonds.

B. they contain a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids.

C. they contain a large amount of carbon-hydrogen bonds.

D. they contain a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides.

Reference: Section 20.3

12. Starches are examples of

A. carbohydrates.

B. proteins.

C. lipids.

D. nucleic acids.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

13. Cellulose is a(n)

A. ester.

B. ether.

C. hydrocarbon.

D. carbohydrate.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

14. Animals are able to store carbohydrates as

A. glucagon.

B. glycogen.

C. insulin.

D. protein.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

15. Carbohydrates supply about 17 kJ of energy per gram. The energy yield for the oxidation of 34 grams of glucose is approximately

A. 0.50 kJ

B. 2.0 kJ

C. 68 kJ

D. 580 kJ

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

16. What types of biological compounds are composed of sugar molecules?

A. carbohydrates

B. nucleic acids

C. lipids

D. proteins

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

17. What is the term used that joins two simple sugars?

A. peptide linkage

B. glycosidic linkage

C. ester linkage

D. phosphate linkage

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

18. Saccharides are composed primarily of

A. carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen.

B. carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen.

C. carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.

D. carbon and hydrogen.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

19. The simplest carbohydrates are

A. peptides.

B. dipeptides.

C. monosaccharides.

D. disaccharides.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

20. Two simple sugar molecules combine together to form a

A. monopeptide.

B. dipeptide.

C. monosaccharide.

D. disaccharide.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

21. The empirical formula of glucose is

A. CH₂O

B. C₂H₄O₂

C. C₄H₈O₄

D. C₆H₁₂O₆

Difficulty: medium

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

22. Which of the following is classified as a monosaccharide?

A. sucrose

B. fructose

C. lactose

D. maltose

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

23. Which of the following is classified as a monosaccharide?

A. glucose

B. lactose

C. starch

D. maltose

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

24. Which of the following is classified as a disaccharide?

A. cellulose

B. glucose

C. galactose

D. maltose

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

25. Aldopentose consists of

A. 6-carbon sugar and an aldhehyde functional group

B. 6-carbon sugar and a ketone functional group

C. 5-carbon sugar and an aldhehyde functional group

D. 5-carbon sugar and a ketone functional group

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

26. Ketohexose consists of

A. 6-carbon sugar and an aldhehyde functional group

B. 6-carbon sugar and a ketone functional group

C. 5-carbon sugar and an aldhehyde functional group

D. 5-carbon sugar and a ketone functional group

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

27. Nucleic acids are composed of

A. sugars.

B. proteins.

C. nucleotides.

D. none of the above

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

28. What types of biological compounds are composed of amide bonds?

A. carbohydrates

B. nucleic acids

C. lipids

D. proteins

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical composition and functions of amino acids and proteins.

Reference: Section 20.4

29. What types of biological compounds are consists of aldehydes or ketones and alcohol functional groups?

A. carbohydrates

B. nucleic acids

C. lipids

D. proteins

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical composition and functions of amino acids and proteins.

Reference: Section 20.4

30. What types of biological compounds are consists of ester functional groups?

A. carbohydrates

B. nucleic acids

C. lipids

D. proteins

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides.

Reference: Section 20.3

31. Organisms are able to convert disaccharides to monosaccharides by the process of

A. dehydration synthesis.

B. hydrolysis.

C. esterification.

D. saponification.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

32. Which of the following is a component of RNA?

A. resorcinol

B. retene

C. retenone

D. ribose

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics

Reference: Section 20.6

33. Which of the following is a component of DNA?

A. deoxyribose

B. dextrose

C. dodecane

D. doryl

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

34. Disaccharides are formed by removing a molecule from between two monosaccharide molecules. The molecule removed is

A. glucose.

B. sodium hydroxide.

C. oxygen.

D. water.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

35. A process by which DNA directs the synthesis of RNA is known as

A. transformation.

B. transcription.

C. transconfiguration.

D. splitting.

Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of enzymes in living organisms.

Difficulty: easy; Reference: Section 20.5

36. Polysaccharides can be broken down into a large number of monosaccharide molecules by the process of

A. hydrolysis.

B. dehydration synthesis.

C. addition.

D. halogenation.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

37. Which of the following is a polysaccharide?

A. glucose

B. starch

C. levulose

D. dextrose

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

38. The bond connecting the amino acids in a protein is known as a

A. hydrogen bond.

B. dipole bond.

C. peptide linkage.

D. nucleic bond.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical composition and functions of amino acids and proteins.

Reference: Section 20.4

39. Which of the following is a polysaccharide?

A. levulose

B. lactose

C. ribose

D. cellulose

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

40. Plants store food energy as

A. glycogen.

B. glucagon.

C. starch.

D. protein.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

41. The chief structural unit of plants and wood is

A. cellulose.

B. protein.

C. starch.

D. glycogen.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

42. The product formed from two glycine molecules is known as

A. peptide.

B. glycogen.

C. polypeptide.

D. glycylglycine.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical composition and functions of amino acids and proteins.

Reference: Section 20.4

43. Which of the following is the most abundant organic compound found in nature?

A. chitin.

B. DNA.

C. starch.

D. cellulose.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

44. The end product of the digestion of starch is

A. cellulose.

B. glucose.

C. glycogen.

D. glucagon.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

45. In humans excess glucose is stored as

A. glycogen.

B. cellulose.

C. dextrose.

D. fructose.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

46. Glucose and galactose are

A. riboses.

B. hexomers.

C. isomers.

D. peptomers.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

47. The complete combustion of glucose yields water and

A. polysaccharides.

B. polypeptides.

C. dextrose.

D. carbon dioxide.

48. Fats and oils are

A. carbohydrates.

B. proteins.

C. hydrocarbons.

D. lipids.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides.

Reference: Section 20.3

49. Fats and oils are called

A. monoglycerides.

B. diglycerides.

C. triglycerides.

D. tetraglycerides.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides.

Reference: Section 20.3

50. Fats and oils are prepared from one molecule of glycerol and

A. one molecule of fatty acid.

B. two molecules of fatty acid.

C. three molecules of fatty acid.

D. four molecules of fatty acid.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides.

Reference: Section 20.3

51. What is the role of enzymes in the biochemical reactions?

A. lower the activation energy

B. act as catalyst

C. speed up the reactions

D. all of the above

Difficulty: medium

Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of enzymes in living organisms.

Reference: Section 20.5

52. At room temperature fats exist as

A. solids.

B. liquids.

C. gases.

D. vapors.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides.

Reference: Section 20.3

53. Fats are normally oxidized to

A. CO and H₂O

B. CO and H₂O₂

C. CO₂ and H₂O

D. CO₂ and H₂O₂

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides.

Reference: Section 20.3

54. What is the number of chromosomes found in a human body?

1. 23
2. 34
3. 46
4. 54

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of enzymes in living organisms.

Reference: Section 20.5

55. Which of the following does not describe the structure of DNA?

A. double helix

B. nucleotide polymer

C. contains cytosine uracil base pairs

D. sugar phosphate backbone

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

56. The oxidation of fats yields about 39 kJ of energy per gram. How much fat must be oxidized to yield approximately 273 kJ?

A. 0.14 g

B. 234 g

C. 7.0 g

D. 11000 g

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides.

Reference: Section 20.3

57. The hydrolysis of a lipid yields

A. ethanol and fatty acids.

B. ethanol and water.

C. glycerol and water.

D. glycerol and fatty acids.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides.

Reference: Section 20.3

58. Soaps are formed from

A. alcohols and sodium hydroxide.

B. alcohols and hydrochloric acid.

C. lipids and sodium hydroxide.

D. lipids and hydrochloric acid.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides

Reference: Section 20.3

59. The most abundant steroid in the human body is

A. testosterone.

B. progesterone.

C. estrogen.

D. cholesterol.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides.

Reference: Section 20.3

60. Enzymes are

A. proteins.

B. carbohydrates.

C. oils.

D. fats.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of enzymes in living organisms.

Reference: Section 20.5

61. The chemical reactions which occur in the human body are regulated by

A. oils.

B. enzymes.

C. fats.

D. carbohydrates.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of enzymes in living organisms.

Reference: Section 20.5

62. Proteins are polymers of

A. amino acids.

B. glucose.

C. glycerol.

D. amylase.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical composition and functions of amino acids and proteins.

Reference: Section 20.4

63. The molecules which usually supply heat and energy to the body are

A. carbohydrates and lipids.

B. proteins and lipids.

C. proteins and carbohydrates.

D. nucleic acids and proteins.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides

Reference: Section 20.3

64. The raw materials for the repair and replacement of worn out tissue comes from

A. lipids.

B. carbohydrates.

C. proteins.

D. nucleic acids.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical composition and functions of amino acids and proteins.

Reference: Section 20.4

65. Enzymes increase reaction rates by

A. increasing the heat of reaction.

B. decreasing the heat of reaction.

C. increasing the activation energy.

D. decreasing the activation energy.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of enzymes in living organisms.

Reference: Section 20.5

66. Holoenzymes are composed of a

A. dienzyme and an apoenzyme.

B. coenzyme and an apoenzyme.

C. steroid and an apoenzyme.

D. steroid and a coenzyme.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of enzymes in living organisms.

Reference: Section 20.5

67. The protein portion of a conjugated enzyme is the

A. apoenzyme.

B. dienzyme.

C. coenzyme.

D. sterioenzyme.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of enzymes in living organisms.

Reference: Section 20.5

68. Which of the following in not naturally produced by humans?

A. sucrose

B. carbohydrates

C. vitamins

D. enzymes

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of enzymes in living organisms.

Reference: Section: 20.5

69. Sucrose is the substrate for the enzyme

A. sucrete.

B. sucrate.

C. sucrese.

D. sucrase.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of enzymes in living organisms.

Reference: Section 20.5

70. Maltose is the substrate for the enzyme

A. maltone.

B. maltese.

C. maltase.

D. maltode.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of enzymes in living organisms.

Reference: Section 20.5

71. In DNA, adenine is always paired with

A. cytosine.

B. thymine.

C. guanine.

D. uracil.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics

Reference: Section 20.6

72. In DNA, cytosine is always paired with

A. guanine.

B. uracil.

C. thymine.

D. adenine.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

73. In RNA, thymine is replaced by

A. cytosine.

B. adenine.

C. guanine.

D. uracil.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

74. According to base pairing rule, which of the following is true about DNA?

A. A =T, and C=G

B. A =C, and G=T

C. A =G, and C=T

D. A =G, and C=G

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

75. Which molecule contains the genetic code for life which is passed on from generation to generation?

A. ATP

B. ADP

C. DNA

D. RNA

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

76. Transcription is the process by which

A. proteins direct the synthesis of RNA.

B. proteins direct the synthesis of DNA.

C. DNA directs the synthesis of RNA.

D. RNA directs the synthesis of DNA.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

77. Usually the flow of genetic information is as follows

A. DNA → RNA → Protein

B. DNA → Protein → RNA

C. RNA → DNA → Protein

D. RNA → Protein → DNA

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

78. The backbone of the DNA molecule consists of

A. nitrogenous bases and sugars

B. nitrogenous bases and phosphates

C. sugars and phosphates

D. thymine and phosphates

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

79. In which portion of the cell is the DNA located?

A. cell membrane

B. nucleus

C. ribosome

D. mitochondria

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

80. The bonds that hold the two strands of DNA together are

A. covalent bonds between carbon atoms

B. hydrogen bonds between phosphate and nitrogenous base

C. hydrogen bonds between phosphate groups

D. hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

81. In which process does the DNA replicate to form two identical complete sets of DNA?

A. amniocentesis

B. cytokinesis

C. mitosis

D. meiosis

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

82. How many chromosomes are in a normal human cheek cell?

A. 38

B. 46

C. 48

D. 54

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics

Reference: Section 20.6

83. Complementary base pairs in DNA are linked by the formation of

A. phosphate ester bonds.

B. peptide linkages.

C. hydrogen bonds.

D. ionic bonds.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

84. The process by which a cell divides to produce a nucleus with half the normal complement of DNA is called

A. translation.

B. mitosis.

C. transcription.

D. meiosis.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

85. Which of the following is true about RNA?

A. RNA is double stranded and contains the base thymine

B. RNA is usually single stranded and contains the base uracil

C. It uses five bases to encode genetic information

D. all of the above

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

86. Which element is found in proteins but not in carbohydrates?

A. oxygen

B. hydrogen

C. nitrogen

D. carbon

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical composition and functions of amino acids and proteins.

Reference: Section 20.4

87. A nucleotide does not contain

A. sugar molecule

B. phosphate group

C. a nitrogenous base

D. an amino acid

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

88. When amino acids join in protein formation, the bond which forms between the carbon of one amino acid and the nitrogen of the next is known as a(n)

A. ionic bond.

B. hydrogen bond.

C. electrovalent bond.

D. peptide linkage.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical composition and functions of amino acids and proteins.

Reference: Section 20.4

89. Each of the amino acids contains which of the following?

A. amino group

B. carboxylate group

C. hydroxyl group

D. both A and B

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides.

Reference: Section 20.3

90. The two strands of the double stranded helix of DNA are held together by

A. ionic bonds.

B. hydrogen bonds.

C. peptide bonds.

D. phosphate ester bonds.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

91. How does DNA differ from RNA?

A. DNA contains thymine and ribose sugar

B. DNA contains thymine and deoxyribose sugar

C. DNA contains uracil and ribose sugar

D. DNA contains uracil and deoxyribose sugar

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

92. Which is not a fundamental component of DNA?

A. deoxyribose

B. cytosine

C. adenine

D. uracil

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

93. The substance acted on by an enzyme is called a(n)

A. catalyst.

B. apoenzyme.

C. coenzyme.

D. substrate.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of enzymes in living organisms.

Reference: Section 20.5

94. The following structure corresponds to

A. adenine.

B. guanine.

C. thymine.

D. cytosine.

Difficulty: medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

95. The following structure corresponds to

A. adenine.

B. guanine.

C. thymine.

D. cytosine.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

96. The following structure corresponds to

A. adenine.

B. guanine.

C. thymine.

D. cytosine.

Difficulty: medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

97. The following structure corresponds to

A. adenine.

B. guanine.

C. thymine.

D. cytosine.

Difficulty: medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

98. A nucleoside consists of

A. four nitrogen-containing bases linked together.

B. a nitrogen-containing base linked to a sugar.

C. a nitrogen-containing base linked to a sugar that is linked to a phosphate group.

D. two nitrogen-containing bases linked through hydrogen bonds.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

99. A nucleotide consists of

A. four nitrogen-containing bases linked together.

B. a nitrogen-containing base linked to a sugar.

C. a nitrogen-containing base linked to a sugar that is linked to a phosphate group.

D. two nitrogen-containing bases linked through hydrogen bonds.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

True/False

100. Fats are digested in the stomach and converted to glucose.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides.

Reference: Section 20.3

101. Proteins are high molar mass polymers of nucleotides.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical composition and functions of amino acids and proteins.

Reference: Section 20.4

102. The bond connecting amino acids in a protein is called an ester linkage.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical composition and functions of amino acids and proteins.

Reference: Section 20.4

103. A fatty acid which contains many double covalent bonds between carbon atoms is classified as saturated.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides

Reference: Section 20.3

104. Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates: they cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler carbohydrate units.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

105. Maltose is composed of two glucose molecules.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

106. A monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms is called a pentose.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

107. Lipids are esters of glycerol and fatty acids.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides.

Reference: Section 20.3

108. An enzyme can catalyze any given reaction.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of enzymes in living organisms.

Reference: Section 20.5

109. The end products of the saponification of a lipid with sodium hydroxide are a soap and glycerine.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides.

Reference: Section 20.3

110. The open-chain form of glucose is an aldohexose.

Difficulty: medium

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

Free Response

111. A human body contains approximately 5.80 L of blood. If the concentration of glucose in the blood is 0.00500 M, calculate the following:

A. The total mass of glucose in the blood

B. The number of molecules of glucose in the blood

Difficulty: medium

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Reference: Section 20.2

112. What types of molecules are combined to form the following types of biochemical molecules?

A. Polysaccharides

B. Lipids

C. Proteins

D. Nucleic acids

Difficulty: medium

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Learning Objective 2: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides.

Learning Objective 3: Describe the chemical composition and functions of amino acids and proteins.

Learning Objective 4: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.2, 20.3, 20.4, 20.6

113. Each of the following disaccharides, when hydrolyzed, produces two monosaccharide

molecules. For each disaccharide, tell what enzyme is required for its hydrolysis and what two monosaccharide molecules are produced.

A. Sucrose

B. Lactose

C. Maltose

Difficulty: medium

Learning Objective 1: Explain the importance of enzymes in living organisms.

Reference: Section 20.5

114. Explain the structure of DNA.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

115. Explain the structure of RNA.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

116. What are the four groups attached to the alpha carbon atom in an alpha-amino acid?

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical composition and functions of amino acids and proteins.

Reference: Section 20.4

117. What is meant by an essential amino acid?

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical composition and functions of amino acids and proteins.

Reference: Section 20.4

118. What is the major function(s) of each of the following molecule types in organisms

A. Carbohydrate

B. Lipid

C. Protein

D. Nucleic acid

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: State the empirical formula for carbohydrates and the different classes of sugars, giving an example of each.

Learning Objective 2: Describe the general characteristics of lipids including fats, oils, and triglycerides.

Learning Objective 3: Describe the chemical composition and functions of amino acids and proteins.

Learning Objective 4: Explain the importance of enzymes in living organisms.

Learning Objective 5: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics

Reference: Sections 20.2 through 20.6

119. Explain how RNA and DNA are different.

1. RNA is single stranded while DNA is double stranded.

2. DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose while RNA contains the sugar ribose.

3. DNA contains the bases cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine.

RNA contains the bases cytosine, guanine, adenine, and uracil.

Difficulty: easy

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

120. RNA directs the synthesis of proteins. What is the function of each of the following types of RNA in this process?

A. mRNA

B. tRNA

C. rRNA

DNA. The base sequence in mRNA indicates the amino acid sequence for a specific protein. The mRNA leaves the nucleus, travels to the ribosome and acts as a template for the synthesis of that specific protein.

B. Transfer RNA (-RNA) reads the base sequence of the mRNA and brings the

appropriate amino acid to the correct site at the ribosome.

C. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) along with proteins are the materials from which the ribosome is made. The rRNA is also believed to move along the strand of mRNA and assist in the polymerization of the amino acids forming the protein.

Difficulty: medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical structure of DNA and explain how it functions in genetics.

Reference: Section 20.6

121. Draw the structure of the dipeptide formed by serine and proline.

Difficulty: hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical composition and functions of amino acids and proteins.

Reference: Section 20.4

122. Draw the structure for the dipeptide formed by alanine and glycine.

Difficulty: hard

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical composition and functions of amino acids and proteins.

Reference: Section 20.4

123. Explain how a peptide linkage is formed.

Difficulty: medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical composition and functions of amino acids and proteins.

Reference: Section 20.4

124. Name the peptides:

A. Val-Tyr-Leu

B: Gly-Ala-Phe

Difficulty: medium

Learning Objective 1: Describe the chemical composition and functions of amino acids and proteins.

Reference: Section 20.4