Inductive Arguments And Statistics Chapter 5 Test Bank Docx

Chapter 5: Inductive Arguments and Statistics

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 01

1. When we begin with observations about some members of a group and then generalize about all of them, we use a kind of reasoning known as…

a. Analogical induction

b. Causal induction

c. Enumerative induction

d. Enumerative deduction

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 02

2. In enumerative induction, the observed members of the target group are called the…

a. Sample

b. Target group

c. Relevant property

d. Control group

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 03

3. An enumerative inductive argument can fail to be strong because…

a. The sample is too small or not representative

b. The target group is large

c. The sample has many members

d. The sample is representative of the target group

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 04

4. When we draw a conclusion about a target group based on an inadequate sample size, we make an error known as…

a. Inductive fault

b. Biased sample

c. Hasty generalization

d. Representative sample

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 05

5. A sample that does not properly represent the target group is called a…

a. Non-representative sample

b. Biased sample

c. Prejudiced sample

d. Irrelevant sample

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 06

6. A self-selecting sample is…

a. Guaranteed to be representative

b. A good indicator of sample quality

c. Not likely to be biased

d. Not likely to be representative

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 07

7. The probability that the sample will accurately represent the target group within the margin of error is called the…

a. Median

b. Confidence level

c. Polling bias

d. Mode

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 09

9. A comparison of two or more things alike in specific respects is called a(n)…

a. Induction

b. Analogy

c. Inference

d. Metaphor

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 10

10. The results of an opinion poll can be skewed by…

a. Question phrasing

b. The relevant property

c. Agreement and difference

d. Enumerative induction

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 11

11. This argument—“The Vietnam War was launched by a Democratic president and was unsuccessful. The current war was also launched by a Democratic president, therefore it will be unsuccessful as well.”—is an example of…

a. Analogical induction

b. Inference to the best explanation

c. Hypothetical syllogism

d. Enumerative induction

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 12

12. A representative sample must resemble the target group in…

a. All the ways that matter

b. At least two ways

c. Every respect

d. Some respects

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 13

13. “X percent of the observed members of group A have property P. Therefore, X percent of all members of group A probably have property P” is a pattern of reasoning known as…

a. Analogical induction

b. Inference to the best explanation

c. Hasty generalization

d. Enumerative induction

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 14

14. “Thing A has properties P₁, P₂, P₃, plus the property P₄. Thing B has properties P₁, P₂, and P₃. Therefore, thing B probably has property P₄” is a pattern of reasoning known as…

a. Analogical induction

b. Inference to the best explanation

c. Hasty generalization

d. Enumerative induction

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 15

15. A factor in opinion polls that prevents the selection of a random sample is…

a. Double-blind testing

b. Self-selecting sampling

c. Control group testing

d. Random sampling

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 16

16. The middle point of a series of values (in which half the values are above the point and half the values are below the point) is known as…

a. The mean

b. The mode

c. The margin of error

d. The median

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 17

17. Relevant similarities, relevant dissimilarities, the number of instances compared, and diversity among cases are criteria that can be used to judge the strength of…

a. Enumerative inductions

b. Opinion polls

c. Arguments by analogy

d. Sample groups

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 18

18. The variation between the values derived from a sample and the true values of the whole target group is called the…

a. Confidence level

b. Median

c. Biased sample

d. Margin of error

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 19

19. To reason that because two things are similar in several respects, they are likely to be similar in some further respect is to use…

a. Correlative reasoning

b. Enumerative induction

c. Analogical induction

d. Deductive logic

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 20

20. A strong analogical argument with true premises is…

a. Valid

b. Cogent

c. Sound

d. Conclusive

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 01

1. What is the difference between target group, sample members, and relevant property?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 02

2. In what two major ways can an enumerative inductive argument fail to be strong?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 03

3. What is random sampling? What does it mean to randomly select a sample from the target group?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 04

4. What is the difference between a literary analogy and an argument by analogy? What is the purpose of each?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 05 Question 05

5. What are the criteria for judging the strength of arguments by analogy and how are they applied?