Complete Test Bank Evidence And Experts Chapter.6

Chapter 6: Evidence and Experts

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 01

1. If an opinion is true, then it is…

a. Certain

b. Still objectionable

c. A fact

d. Common sense

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 02

2. Your background information consists of…

a. Beliefs that are certain

b. Both well-supported and obviously false beliefs

c. Numerous valid arguments

d. Very well-supported beliefs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 03

3. If a claim conflicts with our background information, we have good reason to…

a. Accept it

b. Doubt it

c. Reject it

d. Replace it

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 04

4. When a claim is neither worthy of outright rejection nor deserving of complete acceptance, we should…

a. Proportion our belief to the evidence

b. Proportion our belief to background information

c. Tentatively accept it

d. Tentatively reject it

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 05

5. When people say that some issue is “a matter of opinion,” they usually mean one of two things: that opinions differ on the issue or that…

a. The issue is of little importance

b. The issue cannot be settled by non-experts

c. The issue is a matter of individual taste

d. The truth of the issue is impossible to know

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 06

6. We are often justified in believing a claim because…

a. Most people believe it

b. Experts disagree about it

c. Experts have not accepted it

d. It comes from experts

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 07

7. When experts disagree about a claim, we have good reason to…

a. Reject it

b. Believe it

c. Doubt it

d. Dismiss it

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 08

8. In most professional fields, the two minimal prerequisites for being considered an expert are…

a. Education and experience in making reliable judgments

b. Education and field experience

c. Reputation and training

d. Reputation among peers and professional accomplishments

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 09

9. It is reasonable to accept the evidence provided by personal experience only if…

a. It is backed by scientific evidence

b. There’s no good reason to doubt it

c. We are infallible

d. It is corroborated by other people

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 10

10. Experts are more likely to be right because they have access to more information on the subject than we do and because…

a. They are better at judging the information than we are.

b. The information has been checked

c. They are experts

d. They have credentials

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 11

11. When we regard a nonexpert as an expert, we …

a. Certify that expert’s credentials

b. Rely on the true expert

c. Fall into the fallacy of available evidence

d. Fall into the fallacious appeal to authority

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 12

12. Personal experience, although generally reliable, is…

a. Infallible

b. Difficult to quantify

c. Not trustworthy

d. Not infallible

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 13

13. Eyewitness testimony is…

a. Unorthodox

b. Authoritative

c. Reliable

d. Unreliable

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 14

14. Other things being equal, the more background information a claim conflicts with, the more reason we have to…

a. Revise our background information

b. Believe it

c. Doubt it

d. Try to prove it

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 15

15. We fall into a fallacious appeal to authority when we…

a. Judge the authority’s credentials to be good

b. Respect science and its methods

c. Think that just because someone is an expert in one field, he or she is necessarily an expert in another

d. Doubt the results of a scientific study

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 16

16. Bias on the part of an expert is the chief reason for . . .

a. Rejecting everything the expert has said

b. Accepting the expert’s claims

c. Doubting that expert

d. The availability error

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 17

17. The error of thinking that previous events can affect the probabilities in the random event at hand is known as…

a. The gambler’s fallacy

b. The availability error

c. The bias fallacy

d. The appeal to ignorance

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 18

18. When our perceptual powers are impaired or impeded, we …

a. Are more aware of possible mistakes

b. Have a reason to doubt our perceptual powers

c. Cannot trust any arguments

d. Are in a normal state

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 19

19. Research suggests that our perception and memory are constructive, which means that…

a. What we perceive and remember is responsive to criticism

b. What we perceive and remember is built from sense data

c. What we perceive and remember is to some degree fabricated by our minds

d. What we perceive and remember is a merely a figment of our imaginations

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 20

20. When ranking the trustworthiness of sources of information, the most reliable sources generally include…

a. Non-governmental organizations, advocacy groups, and political action committees

b. Major trade book publishers and news outlets

c. TV, radio, and podcast shows

d. Articles and reports in peer-reviewed journals and conference proceedings

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 01

1. What is an expert? When and why do experts provide us with reasons for believing a claim?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 02

2. What should we do when a claim is in dispute among experts? Why?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 03

3. Is it reasonable to regard a nonexpert as an expert? Why or why not?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 04

4. What principle should guide us in assessing the reliability of personal experience? Why should we rely on this principle?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 05

5. Under what circumstances is it reasonable to doubt the evidence of personal experience?