How Meanings Are Communicated Chapter 11 Exam Questions - Social Research Methods 1e | Test Bank Bryman by Alan Bryman. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 11: How Do Researchers Study the Ways Meanings Are Communicated in Everyday Life? Content Analysis
Test Bank
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 1
1) Research methods that do not require interactions with participants are called ____________.
Page reference: Introduction
a. Survey research
b. Covert observation
c. Unobtrusive measures
d. Quasi-experiment
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 2
2) Who coined the term unobtrusive measures?
Page reference: Introduction
a. Eugene Webb
b. Karl Marx
c. Max Weber
d. C. Wright Mills
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 3
3) What did Webb and his team mean by examining physical traces as data?
Page reference: Introduction
a. Archival documents
b. Archival information
c. Unobtrusive measures
d. Evidence left by people in their environments
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 4
4) The examination of texts, including written and visual materials, with interest in how materials contribute to and reflect meaning is known as ____________.
Page reference: Introduction
a. Content analysis
b. Analysis of existing data
c. Communication studies
d. Unobtrusive measures
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 5
5) Which of the following is not a data source for content analysis?
Page reference: Introduction
a. Photographs
b. Diaries
c. All of these
d. Graffiti
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 6
6) The impact on research when participants know that they are being studied is called _____________.
Page reference: Introduction
a. Validity
b. Reliability
c. Reactive effects
d. Interviewer effects
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 7
7) A research criterion concerned with the integrity of a particular study’s conclusions is called ___________.
Page reference: Introduction
a. Validity
b. Reliability
c. Reactive effects
d. Interviewer effects
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 8
8) Which of the following is not one of the criteria Scott recommended to assess the quality of the documents in unobtrusive research?
Page reference: Documents for Study
a. Authenticity
b. Credibility
c. Validity
d. Meaning
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 9
9) Which criteria refers to whether the contents of a document are free from error and distortion?
Page reference: Documents for study
a. Authenticity
b. Representativeness
c. Credibility
d. Meaning
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 10
10) Dr. Raine choses a special college sports edition of a newspaper for his study on sports coverage in local news. What criteria might he need to consider when assessing the inclusion of this edition?
Page reference: Entering and navigating the setting
a. Authenticity
b. Representativeness
c. Credibility
d. Meaning
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 11
11) A method that emphasizes people’s inner experiences and their connections to larger societal events throughout the life course is called _____________.
Page reference: Diairies, letters, and autobiographies
a. Content analysis
b. Unobtrusive measures
c. Life course theory
d. Biographical method
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 12
12) Which of the following is not a concern with using personal documents as a data source?
Page reference: Diairies, letters, and autobiographies
a. Authenticity
b. Accuracy
c. All of these
d. Representativeness
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 13
13) Which of the following is the best reason that personal documents may lack representativeness?
Page reference: Diaries, letters, and autobiographies
a. Letters and diaries of wealthy, literate people were likely to be preserved.
b. It can be difficult to understand the meaning in personal documents.
c. It is not possible to craft literal understandings.
d. Personal documents can be formal or informal.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 14
14) Why was Thompson not able to find much evidence of Van Waters’ sexual identity?
Page reference: Box 11.1
a. Van Waters never shared her identity as a lesbian publicly.
b. The charges that Van Waters was a lesbian were untrue.
c. Van Waters burned most of the daily letters she received from Thompson.
d. Most LGTBQIA2S+ individuals did not have records of their relationships.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 15
15) Which of the following is not a form of home photographs identified by Scott?
Types of photographs
Page reference: Visual objects
a. Representativeness
b. Idealization
c. Natural portrayal
d. Demystification
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 16
16) An informal snapshot capturing action as it happens is which form of the home photograph?
Page reference: Visual objects
a. Representative
b. Idealization
c. Natural portrayal
d. Demystification
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 17
17) A portrait of a wedding party is what type of home photograph?
Page reference: Visual objects
a. Representative
b. Idealization
c. Natural portrayal
d. Demystification
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 18
18) When using photographs for analysis, researchers need to keep in mind that
Page reference: Visual objects
a. There may be issues with representativeness.
b. Photographs accurately portray the social reality.
c. Photographs can be taken at face value.
d. Images allow for a realistic depiction of social life
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 19
19) What was the site of the photographs used in Sutton’s study?
Page reference: Box 11.2
a. County fairs
b. School playgrounds
c. LaGuardia Airport
d. Disney theme parks
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 20
20) Which of the following is a reason that Sutton argues that positive feelings about visiting Disney parks are a post-visit reconstruction?
Page reference: Box 11.2
a. People do not look at photographs until after the visit.
b. People discard photographs that remind them of unpleasant experiences, while keeping photographs of pleasant experiences.
c. People only take photographs of pleasant experiences.
d. None of these
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 21
21) Pauwels argues that digital technology has made it __________ for families to “construct fictions and fantasies.”
Page reference: Box 11.2
a. Harder
b. Easier
c. Impossible
d. Unlikely
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 22
22) Materials like company newsletters, organizational charts, meeting minutes, and memos are called _________________.
Page reference: Official documents
a. Archives
b. Official documents
c. Policy documents
d. Content analysis
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 23
23) Dr. Chen wants to understand the official stories and messaging of liberal arts colleges. What is the best data source for her to consider?
Page reference: Official documents
a. Policy research
b. Photographs
c. Existing data
d. Official documents
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 24
24) Which types of data collection did Jessen use in her study of school choice policies?
Page reference: Mixed Methods in Action
a. Content analysis and surveys
b. Content analysis and interviews
c. Content analysis and participant observation
d. Content analysis and analysis of existing data
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 25
25) Jessen’s analysis of official documents found that ____________.
Page reference: Mixed Methods in Action
a. Students with higher accessibility needs were placed at large schools.
b. Students with higher accessibility needs were placed at small schools.
c. Families faced barriers in finding schools to meet their students’ needs.
d. Official narratives accurately reflected the experience of parents and administrators
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 26
26) Newspapers, magazines, and print media are all types of ________________.
Page reference: Mass Media Outputs
a. Visual media
b. Official documents
c. Content analysis
d. Mass media outputs
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 27
27) Gearheart and Trumbly-Lamsam used which data source for their study of the health information Native Americans receive?
Page reference: Mass Media Outputs
a. Television commercials
b. Official documents
c. Newsletters
d. Newspapers
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 28
28) Byng used which type of data source for her student of Muslim women’s veiling?
Page reference: Mass Media Outputs
a. Photographs
b. Stories in newspapers
c. Television programs
d. Laws passed
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 29
29) Which of the following is not a reason that it can be difficult to determine the authenticity of mass media outputs?
Page reference: Mass Media Outputs
a. Authors are not always identified.
b. It is not always clear if an account is prepared by someone with expertise.
c. Publications maintain a consistent tone so they may not include all voices.
d. Partial or biased perspectives is often reflected in sources.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 30
30) Which of the following is not one of the five Ws?
Page reference: Box 11.3
Incorrect
a. What
b. Which
c. Why
d. When
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 31
31) _________ are documents, images, and other recorded materials that can be analyzed.
Page reference: Other texts: Real-life communication
a. Official statistics
b. Texts
c. Data
d. None of these
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 32
32) What was the data source used by Golinkoff and team’s research on homelessness?
Page reference: Other texts: Real-life communication
a. Signs
b. Websites
c. Official documents
d. Tweets
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 33
33) Heuer and team’s study of images accompanying online news stories found that ______ percent of the images depicted people with fat bodies in a stigmatizing manner?
Page reference: Maintaining access
a. Underplaying credentials
b. Adopt a meaningful role in the setting
c. Be ready for tests of competence and credibility
d. Don’t give people reasons to dislike you
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 34
34) How long did Ranita Ray stay in the field for her study of socioeconomically disadvantaged young women of color?
Page reference: Other texts: Real-life communication
a. 40%
b. 72%
c. 56%
d. Less than 10%
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 35
35) Which of the following was not a finding of Sanders and team’s research on the effectiveness of Nike’s campaign on funding health programs targeting Native Americans?
Page reference: Other texts: Real-life communication
a. States with higher proportions of Indigenous people had more campaign followers than other states.
b. Tweets in the campaign with text-based ethnic identity cues were retreated more often than visual ethnicity cues.
c. Followers of the campaign tended to be in urban areas versus rural areas.
d. Tweets in the campaign with visual ethnic identity cues were retreated more often than text-based ethnicity cues.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 36
36) What is not a problem with using websites as a data source for content analysis?
Page reference: Other texts: Real-life communication
a. None of these
b. Anyone can set up a website
c. The content is often changing
d. Only some sites come up in searches
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 37
37) Which of the following is not a question that is helpful in evaluating a document?
a. Who produced the document?
b. Is the material genuine?
c. Is the meaning clear?
d. Has the document be duplicated?
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 38
38) Buildings, graffiti, and the built environment are _______________.
Page reference: The Range of Text Sources
a. Not appropriate sources since there is no text.
b. They can signify ideas and social dynamics.
c. Non-meaningful aspects of the structure
d. Examples of quantitative analysis
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 39
39) When it comes to sampling in a content analysis study, ____________.
Page reference: Sampling
a. Researchers typically include all items in a population.
b. Only probability sampling methods are appropriate.
c. Researchers must define the parameters of the population and select a representative sample.
d. Procedures are specific to this type of methodology.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 40
40) Lamont, Park and Ayala-Hurtado found in their study of Donald Trump’s rhetoric that
Page reference: Methods in motion
a. He mentioned LGTBQIA2S+ people the least of all groups and in mostly positive terms.
b. Workers were referenced less often than immigrants.
c. Latinx immigrants were described as terrorists
d. African Americans were the most frequently mentioned group.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 41
41) _______________ content analysis focuses on how frequently images, words or ideas are used.
Page reference: Analyzing Communication Trends and Meanings Using Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches
a. Qualitative
b. Visual
c. Quantitative
d. Verbal
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 42
42) _______________ content analysis examines both the content and the contextual meaning of communication using an inductive strategy.
Page reference: Analyzing Communication Trends and Meanings Using Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches
a. Qualitative
b. Visual
c. Quantitative
d. Verbal
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 43
43) The process that researchers use to categorize data for analysis is called _________.
Page reference: Analyzing Communication Trends and Meanings Using Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches
a. Qualitative content analysis
b. Quantitative content analysis
c. Validity
d. Coding
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 44
44) What type of content analysis did Leopold and Bell perform in their study of the Black Lives Matter movement?
Page reference: Analyzing Communication Using Qualitative Measurement and Coding
a. Qualitative
b. Quantitative
c. Visual
d. Both Qualitative and Quantitative
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 45
45) What is included in a coding schedule?
Page reference: Developing coding strategies in content analysis
a. Data examples
b. All of these
c. All possible codes
d. Frequencies
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 46
46) The degree to which an individual coder is consistent over time in the coding of an item is called _____________.
Page reference: Developing coding strategies in content analysis
a. Intra-coder reliability
b. Inter-coder reliability
c. Reliability
d. Validity
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 47
47) Jagger’s research on ads in the classified section found that _____________.
Page reference: Box 11.5
a. Men were more likely to stress the importance of economic resources than women .
b. Men were slightly more likely to promote their physical appearance than women.
c. Women were more likely to promote themselves using lifestyle choices.
d. Women were somewhat more likely to promote themselves in terms of physical appearance.
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 48
48) Hall and team’s research of dating profiles found that women were more likely to misrepresent their _______, while men were more likely to mislead about their ______.
Page reference: Box 11.5
a. Age; weight
b. Weight; income
c. Weight; age
d. Relationship goals; income
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 49
49)
Researchers can focus on _________, which is whether authors of content convey their principles or standards for what is right or wrong.
Page reference: What aspects of communication do researchers focus on in analysis
a. Words
b. Subjects
c. Themes
d. Value positions
Type: multiple choice question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 50
50) Fenton, Bryman, and Deacon found that sociology was the _______ most common discipline referred to when mass media reported about social science research.
Page reference: Key considerations in content analysis
a. Fourth
b. Second
c. First
d. None of these
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 1
1) Content analysis can involve qualitative or quantitative methods.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 2
2) Surveys are an example of an unobtrusive measure since there is not direct contact between the researcher and the respondent.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 3
3) Content analysis typically focuses on data that has already been collected.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 4
4) The content that can be studied in content analysis must be from a written source.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 5
5) Because content analysis is unobtrusive, there are no ethical concerns that researchers must attend to.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 6
6) When a research project is impacted by the participants knowing they are being studied, this is known as reactive effects
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 7
7) When assessing the quality of a document for inclusion in a research project, authenticity has to do with whether or not the document is genuine.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 8
8) Representativeness refers to whether or not the contents of a document is free from error and/or distortion
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 9
9) Personal documents are an excellent source of data because researchers can get a clear picture of the social reality.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 10
10) Historical documents are important sources of data in a content analysis study because they are easily applied to the larger society of the time.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 11
11) Freedman had difficulty finding evidence of the relationship between Van Waters and Thompson likely because Van Waters burned many of her letters.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 12
12) When using photographs as a data source, it is important not to take them at face value.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
13) Mowatt’s examination of photos of lynchings in the late 19th and early 20th century showed that white people treated these acts as a recreational activity.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 14
14) Sutton’s research of Disney theme parks found that generally people only kept photos that reminded them of the happy parts of their visit.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 15
15) Official documents are reliable documents at face-value.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 16
16) Jessen found that the Office of Civil Rights was correct in their assessment that there was no violation of students’ civil rights when it came to school choice.
a. True
Section: Mixed Methods in Action
b. False
Section: Mixed Methods in Action
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 17
17) Because it is so pervasive, it is not difficult to determine the authenticity of mass media outputs.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 18
18) The five W’s are who, what, where, why, and when.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 19
19) Most researchers use extensive hidden recording equipment to take field notes so that they do not distract from the interactions.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 20
20) Content analysis can include non-textual sources.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 21
21) Websites are a good source of content for analysis because it is easy to determine if the person who created the site is an authority in that area.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 22
22) Because content analysis uses an unobtrusive approach, there is less concern about sampling than in other methodologies.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 23
23) Lamont, Park, and Ayala-Hurtado (2017) found in their content analysis of Donald Trump’s campaign speeches that he often used negative terms to describe people of color.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 24
24) The coding manual provides a complete list of all categories for each dimension to be coded in a study.
a. True
b. False
Type: true-false
Title: Chapter 11 Question 25
25) When using a value position as the unit of analysis, a quantitative approach would work best.
a. True
b. False
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 1
1) What are some of the key features of content analysis? What does it mean that this research is called “unobtrusive?”
Feedback: Content analysis examines texts in order to examine how the materials reflect meaning and representation. Removes reactive effects. Unobtrusive has to do with not requiring interactions with participants.
Section reference: Overview; Introduction
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 2
2) What are the sources of data for content analysis research and what can researchers understand or learn from each type?
Feedback: Personal, Visual objects, Official Documents, Mass Media Outputs, Other Texts
Section reference: Documents for Study
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 3
3) How can a researcher assess the quality of documents included in a content analysis? Explain the criteria that can be used in your own words.
Feedback: Consider whether the documents fit the research question. Criteria: authenticity, credibility, representativeness, meaning
Section reference: Documents for Study
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 4
4) Why are authenticity, accuracy, and representation concerns with the analysis of personal documents? Do these concerns mean that this information should not be used? Why or why not?
Feedback: Difficult to verify the true author. Literacy rates were low in the past so diaries and letters are likely to preserve only a small group of people. Boys were more likely to be educated than girls. What letters or diaries survived versus those that weren’t saved? Difficult to understand meaning.
Section reference: Personal documents
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 5
5) What are Scott’s (1990) recommendations when it comes to analysing photographs in a content analysis? What can we learn from photographs and how is our understanding limited?
Feedback: Three forms of home photograph: idealization, natural portrayal, and demystification. Photographs reveal much about social life, but also there’s a lot they don’t tell us. Must not be taken at face value. Representativeness is an issue
Section reference: Visual objects
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 6
6) How would you apply Scott’s recommendations about visual objects to a study of social media? What types of images do you think are most likely to be posted?
Feedback: Answers vary
Section reference: Visual objects
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 7
7) What criteria would you use to determine the credibility of official documents for inclusion in a research study?
Feedback: Official documents need to be scrutinized for credibility and representativeness since they are likely attempting to tell a particular story about the organization.
Section reference: Official documents
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 8
8) Explain the key finding of Jessen’s research on educational policy in New York. Why was her mixed methods approach important in this case?
Feedback: Jessen looked at official documents related to a civil rights complaint that was adjudicated by the Office of Civil Rights. The official documents indicated that there was no violation. However, based on her interview data she found that parents faced barriers that were not reflected in the official documents.
Section reference: Mixed Methods in Action
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 9
9) What are some approaches researchers can take when studying mass media? What are some of the criterion that need to be applied to determine the quality of sources?
Feedback: Can look at the patterns in what issues are covered or represented, the messages reflected and reinforced in mass media, the social and political implications of materials, and the larger cultural influence of media. It is difficult to determine authenticity at times. Credibility can be an issue as well as representativeness.
Section reference: Mass Media Outputs
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 10
10) Design a content analysis study based on your own mass media consumption. What would you use as a source of data and why? Are there any concerns about representativeness or credibility that you’d need to consider? What questions would you ask to examine the content?
Feedback: Answers vary
Section reference: Mass Media Outputs; Box 11.3
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 11
11) What are some of the limitations to using websites as a data source?
Feedback: Can be updated frequently or quickly which could impact the data collection. Difficult to determine credibility or representativeness.
Section reference: Other texts: Real-life and Online Communication
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 12
12) How can the built environment serve as a text to be analysed in content analysis? What aspects of your campus environment might you study in order to understand the culture of the university?
Feedback: Meanings can be conveyed in other materials besides text, like buildings, graffiti , clothing, technology, and so on. Answers vary.
Section reference: The Range of Text Sources
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 13
13) How do researchers approach sampling in a content analysis study? Provide a few examples of different approaches.
Feedback: Approaches can vary but researchers use procedures outlined in sampling chapter.
Section reference: Choosing Documents to Examine: Sampling
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 14
14) Describe the research done by Lamont, Park, and Ayala-Hurtado (2017). What was their focus? How did they utilize content analysis to examine their research question? What were there findings?
Feedback: They examined how political rhetoric can create social change by looking at the techniques Donald Trump used to galvanize his supporters. They did a qualitative study of campaign speeches and found Trump used rhetoric to encourage white working-class people to create moral boundaries between themselves and others.
Section reference: Methods in Motion
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 15
15) What are similarities and differences between how qualitative and quantitative content analysis researchers approach analysis?
Feedback: Both are analysing meanings in the materials. Researchers specify how they are categorizing the material and use coding. Quantitative often focuses on the frequency or patterns of communication whereas qualitative will focus on the contextual meaning of the communication.
Section reference: Analyzing Communication trends and meanings using quantitative and qualitative approaches
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 16
16) Design a quantitative and a qualitative approach for studying anti-mask or anti-vaccine messages on social media.
Feedback: Answers vary
Section reference: Analyzing Communication trends and meanings using quantitative and qualitative approaches
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 17
17) What are considerations that researchers need to keep in mind when creating a coding schedule or coding scheme? How can a researcher avoid pitfalls when making a reliable coding scheme?
Feedback: Categories need to be mutually exclusive. Codes need to be exhaustive. Clear instructions. Clear unit of analysis. Pre-test the coding scheme.
Section reference: Developing coding strategies in content analysis
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 18
18) How do researchers determine what content they will look for in their data? Provide an example of the options that researchers may choose as a focal point.
Feedback: Depends on the research question. Researchers may focus on words, subjects and themes, and value positions.
Section reference: What Aspects of Communication Do Researchers Focus on in Analysis?
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 19
19) How did Jagger conduct her content analysis and what were her main findings? How did more recent studies different from Jagger’s study in terms of approach and results?
Feedback: Jagger used the classifieds section of a print newspaper. She found that women were more likely to market themselves stressing economic or preferred resources in a partner and were slightly more likely to use physical appearance as a way to promote themselves. More recent research has looked at online dating options.
Section reference: Box 11.5
Type: essay/short answer question
Title: Chapter 11 Question 20
20) Design a research study using content analysis as the data collection technique. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this approach? What would be your data source and what might you focus on?
Feedback: Answers vary
Section reference: Chapter 11