Test Bank Chapter 10 Life Patterns – Observation & Study

Chapter 10: How Can Researchers Study the Patterns of People's Lives? Participant Observation and Ethnography

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 1

1) A data collection method that involves observation of people and participation in social settings is known as ________________.

Page reference: Introduction

a. Ethnography

b. Covert observation

c. Participant observation

d. Immersion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 2

2) Attempting to understand people and settings by living alongside them using a range of data collection methods is called ____________.

Page reference: Introduction

a. Ethnography

b. Covert observation

c. Participant observation

d. Immersion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 3

3) When a researcher seeks an in-depth understanding of settings or people and fully engage in the experiences or practices of the group, they are practicing ___________.

Page reference: Introduction

a. Ethnography

b. Covert observation

c. Participant observation

d. Immersion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 4

4) Desmond thinks of ethnography “as a(n) _____________, a fundamental way of being in the world.”

Page reference: Introduction

a. Sensibility

b. Method

c. Approach

d. Lifestyle

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 5

5) Which of the following is not a challenge of participant observation?

Page reference: Why Participant Observation

a. Significant time commitment

b. Disrupting peoples’ lives

c. Observing natural settings

d. Ethical challenges

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 6

6) A study participant with specialized knowledge or insight to offer a researcher is known as a(n) ____________________.

Page reference: Choosing a site

a. Gatekeeper

b. Respondent

c. Informant

d. Sponsor

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 7

7) When choosing a site, which of the following should a researcher keep in mind?

Page reference: Choosing a site

a. All of these

b. What question is being answered

c. Whether participants are willing to be in the research

d. Whether researchers can achieve desired sample size

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 8

8) What types of data collection is typically not one that ethnographers engage in?

Page reference: Mixed Methods in Action

a. Participant observation

b. Interviews

c. Quasi-experiments

d. Analysis of documents and materials

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 9

9) What is the aim of triangulation according to Denzin?

Page reference: Definition of triangulation

a. Securing an objective understanding of reality

b. Understanding the insights of specific methods

c. Combining multiple methods in order to gain an in-depth understanding

d. None of these

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 10

10) ______________ depends on the researcher’s personal history with the participants, the issues they plan to study, and the implications of their identity for the people being studied.

Page reference: Entering and navigating the setting

a. Gaining access

b. Interviewer effects

c. Choosing a site

d. Finding an informant

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 11

11) Rebecca wants to do a participant observation study of a local soccer team, though she has not every played soccer and doesn’t know anyone from the team. Her personal history will likely make access to the site ____________.

Page reference: Choosing a site

a. Easier

b. Neither easy nor difficult

c. Fast.

d. More difficult

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 12

12) Which of the following is an example of an open-setting?

Page reference: Open versus closed settings

a. Company board room

b. Support group

c. Library

d. Public school classroom

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 13

13) Which of the following is an example of a closed-setting?

Page reference: Open versus closed settings

a. Faculty lounge

b. Public park

c. Grocery store

d. Bar

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 14

14) How did Bell gain access to the separatists’ meetings that were the focus of his research?

Page reference: Open versus closed settings

a. He requested access from the leaders of the group.

b. He infiltrated meetings by pretending to be a member.

c. He attended meetings and events that were open to the public.

d. Using an informant in the group, members were aware he was studying them.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 15

15) Field researcher where participants know they are being studied and understand the aims of the researcher is called _____________.

Page reference: Overt versus covert participant observation

a. Overt participant observation

b. Covert participant observation

c. Ethnography

d. Participant observation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 16

16) Field research where the researcher conceals their status as a researcher and study aims from the people being studied is referred to as __________.

Page reference: Overt versus covert participant observation

a. Overt participant observation

b. Covert participant observation

c. Ethnography

d. Participant observation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 17

17) What type of observation did Judith Rollins engage in her study of the relationship between domestic workers and their employers?

Page reference: Overt versus covert participant observation

a. Overt participant observation

b. Covert participant observation

c. Ethnography

d. Participant observation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 18

18) The practice of concealing or misrepresenting an aspect or entirety of one’s research aims is _______________.

Page reference: Overt versus covert participant observation

a. Deception

b. Covert

c. Unethical

d. Overt

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 19

19) Which type of research approach did Glucksmann utilize in her study of factory workers?

Page reference: Overt versus covert participant observation

a. Covert

b. Deception

c. Overt

d. Both overt and covert

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 20

20) A retrospective ethnography is best understood as

Page reference: Overt versus covert participant observation

a. One that involves deception

b. One that relies on observations gathered before the researcher decided to conduct a study

c. An ethnography that is focused on a previous time

d. None of these

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 21

21) Which of the following is not an advantage of taking a covert role in participant observation?

Page reference: Table 10.1

a. Easier access to the setting

b. Less exposure to dangerous activities.

c. Greater access to illicit behavior

d. Less activity

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 22

22) Which of the following is not a disadvantage of taking a covert role in participant observation?

Page reference: Table 10.1

a. Difficulty taking notes easily

b. Closer relationships make it easier to get consent

c. Increased deception

d. Higher degree of anxiety

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 23

23) According to Fine, what impacts how precise and observant ethnographers are in the field?

Page reference: Box 10.1

a. The researcher disliking the study participants.

b. Being critical of the behavior and beliefs of the people being observed.

c. None of these

d. Forgetfulness, limited vision or hearing, and human error

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 24

24) When it comes to ethnographic research, Fine claims that ________ is inevitable.

Page reference: Box 10.1

a. Perfection

b. Compromises

c. Biases

d. Untrustworthy findings

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 25

25) A person in the research site with power and authority who supports and helps make a study possible is known as a(n) ____________________.

Page reference: Tactics and resources when gaining access

a. Sponsor

b. Gatekeeper

c. Informant

d. Colleague

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 26

26) A person with authority, power, and status to grant researchers access to participants and settings are called ________________.

Page reference: Tactics and resources when gaining access

a. Sponsors

b. Respondents

c. Informants

d. Gatekeepers

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 27

27) Which of the following is a tactic that a researcher can use to gain access to research sites?

Page reference: Tactics and resources when gaining access

a. Have a sponsor vouch for the researcher

b. Obtain clearance from a gatekeeper

c. Talk with friends, contacts, and/or colleagues

d. All of these

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 28

28) Which of the following is the best example of a gatekeeper for a research study involving elementary school students?

Page reference: Tactics and resources when gaining access

a. Parent

b. Principal

c. Student

d. Secretary

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 29

29) Which of the following is not a tactic that a researcher can use to gain access to a research site?

Page reference: Tactics and resources when gaining access

a. Provide a clear explanation of the study goals and methods

b. Offer something in return

c. Underestimate the amount of time required of the participants

d. Seek an introduction to a key gatekeeper

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 30

30) Geertz coined the term ____________ to describe the ethnographic practice of immersing oneself in a setting, participating in social life, and spending extended time with members of the group being observed.

Page reference: Tactics and resources when gaining access

Incorrect

a. Complete participant

b. Deep hanging out

c. Immersive hanging out

d. Covert observation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 31

31) When access to a site is blocked, _________________.

Page reference: Tactics and resources when gaining access

a. The researcher should consider a different research question.

b. The study does not have to be over as there may be other paths.

c. It is better not to waste time trying to get access.

d. There is likely not a gatekeeper.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 32

32) Bettie’s study is an example about the importance of ____________.

Page reference: Maintaining access

a. Maintaining access

b. Covert observation

c. Deep hanging out

d. Gaining access to the site

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 33

33) Which of the following is not a method of maintaining access to the research setting?

Page reference: Maintaining access

a. Underplaying credentials

b. Adopt a meaningful role in the setting

c. Be ready for tests of competence and credibility

d. Don’t give people reasons to dislike you

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 34

34) How long did Ranita Ray stay in the field for her study of socioeconomically disadvantaged young women of color?

Page reference: Time in the field

a. 18 months

b. 3 years

c. 4 years

d. 5 to 7 days a week

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 35

35) A ________________ is a person who shares expertise, knowledge, and authority with an ethnographer in a way that is integral to the success of the study.

Page reference: Box 10.2

a. Informant

b. Key informant

c. Gatekeeper

d. Sponsor

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 36

36) Doc in Street Corner Society is an example of the importance of a _______________.

Page reference: Box 10.2

a. Key Informant

b. Informant

c. Gatekeeper

d. Sponsor

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 37

37) When a researcher are members of the settings they study, but they have revealed their status as a researcher, they are taking on a _________________ role.

Page reference: Balancing Participation and Observation

a. Complete participant

b. Observer-as-participant

c. Complete observer

d. Participant-as-observer

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 38

38) Which role is often not included as a form of ethnography?

Page reference: Balancing Participation and Observation

a. Complete participant

b. Complete observer

c. Observer-as-participant

d. Participant-as-observer

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 39

39) Which of the following is not a reason to conduct ethnographic research in online spaces?

Page reference: Online ethnography

a. Social media and other online spaces are primary locations for participating in social networks.

b. Social media and online spaces are a big part of many people’s lives.

c. Online spaces provide accurate reflections of beliefs and experiences.

d. Online spaces may provide access to groups that are hard to otherwise reach.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 40

40) Which of the following should be included in an ethnographer’s field notes?

Page reference: Field notes

a. All of these

b. Description of the setting

c. Discussions of interactions observed

d. Methdological issues that arise during the observation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 41

41) Lofland and Lofland described _________, as “little phrases, quotes, key words, and the like.”

Page reference: Types of field notes

a. Mental notes

b. Full field notes

c. Jotted notes

d. Transciptions

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 42

42) Field notes are ______________________.

Page reference: Ethnographer’s place in field notes

a. Typically written in the third person.

b. Essentially just a recording of what has been observed in the field.

c. Written at the end of the full data collection process.

d. Written primarily for the researcher’s own use.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 43

43) Kleinman and Copp argue that ethnographers should ____________.

Page reference: Box 10.4

a. Work hard to remain objective.

b. Separate their personal experiences and emotions from the observation data.

c. Consider that personal reflections and opinions can distort the data and bias results.

d. Be aware of their perspectives, histories, and feelings in order to fully immerse themselves in the field.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 44

44) In _____________, the focus is not words, interactions, or physical spaces.

Page reference: Visual Ethnography

a. Autoethnography

b. Institutional ethnography

c. Participant observation

d. Visual ethnography

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 45

45) An example of ____________ would be studying how policies and practices within a workplace reveal larger systems of social control in society.

Page reference: Institutional ethnography

a. Autoethnography

b. Institutional ethnography

c. Participant observation

d. Visual ethnography

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 46

46) ____________ data focuses on the researcher’s feelings, thoughts, interactions, and observations in order to understand the broader social concerns.

Page reference: Autoethnography

a. Autoethnography

b. Field notes

c. Observation

d. Saturation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 47

47) Which of the following is not an aspect of feminist ethnography according to Skeggs?

Page reference: Feminist ethnography

a. Ensuring the research is non-exploitative

b. Feminist researchers offering help or advice to participants.

c. Feminist ethnography may provide an opportunity raise normally marginalized voiced.

d. Feminist researchers ensure confidentiality.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 48

48) The decision to end participant observation is ultimately based on ___________.

Page reference: Exiting the field well

a. Researcher stress

b. Emotional demands

c. Sampling

d. Timing

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 49

49) Which of the following is not an advantage qualitative interviewing compared to ethnography?

Page reference: Comparing ethnography and qualitative interviewing

a. Interviewing allows access to a wider variety of people and situations.

b. Longitudinal research is more limited in ethnography.

c. Interviews allow for the reconstruction of past events.

d. Qualitative interviewing allows the researcher to see the world through the respondent’s eyes.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 50

50) Which of the following is not an advantage of ethnography compared to qualitative interviewing?

Page reference: Comparing ethnography and qualitative interviewing

a. Ethnographic research is less intrusive in people’s lives since researchers are observing them in their natural setting.

b. Ethnographers can learn about certain activities that people may not share in an interview.

c. Ethnography allows for a more naturalistic view of the social setting.

d. Ethnography provides insight on taken for granted aspects of interaction.

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 1

1) Participant observation and ethnography are interchangeable terms.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 2

2) A data collection method that involves the observation of people and participation in social settings is known as immersion.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 3

3) Ethnographers should choose the site they want regardless of whether or not they have informants in that setting.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 4

4) Like other data collection methods, ethnographers utilize probability sampling to determine who will participate in the study.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 5

5) The goal of triangulation, according to Denzin, is to secure an objective understanding of reality.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 6

6) By definition, it is easy to gain meaningful access in an open research setting

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 7

7) Bell (2007) requested formal access when he observed western Canadian separatist groups.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 8

8) It is unethical to use friends and contacts to gain access to the research site.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 9

9) A researcher who wants to study how racial history is taught in high schools needs the permission of the superintendent to do the observations. In this situation, the superintendent is the sponsor of the research.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 10

10) Once access to a site is gained, researchers do not have to do much to maintain the access.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 11

11) When determining the scale of an ethnographic project, researchers must consider the time, resources, and energy available to them.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 12

12) Street Corner Society by Whyte demonstrates the importance of the relationship between a researcher and a key informant.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 13

13) One advantage of unsolicited informants is that the information provided is more spontaneous and natural.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 14

14) In the participant-as-observer role, the researcher is mainly an interviewer and observer and only participates minimally.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 15

15) In complete participant and complete observer roles, the people being observed are aware that they are part of a research study.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 16

16) One drawback of complete participation or participant-as-observer is that there could be too much distance between the researcher and the people being studied, which could thwart understanding.

a. True

Section: Figure 10.1; Balancing Participation and Observation

b. False

Section: Figure 10.1; Balancing Participation and Observation

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 17

17) In order to earn the trust of the people being observed, researchers must engage in the activities of the group, even if they are illegal or dangerous.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 18

18) Field notes are the primary source of data for participant observation research.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 19

19) Most researchers use extensive hidden recording equipment to take field notes so that they do not distract from the interactions.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 20

20) It is customary for the researcher to include themselves and their thoughts and feelings in the field notes.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 21

21) Kleinman and Copp argue that ethnographer’s reflections, opinions, and feelings should be kept separate from their observations in order to prevent the distortion of the data and biasing the results.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 22

22) Visual ethnographies focus on the same aspects of social life as traditional ethnography.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 23

23) Institutional ethnography was developed by Dorothy Smith in order to explore how institutional discourses relate to people’s every day experiences.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 24

24) Autoethnographers embrace the ideal of research as neutral and objective.

a. True

b. False

Type: true-false

Title: Chapter 10 Question 25

25) Desmond argues that entering the field is more difficult than leaving it.

a. True

b. False

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 1

1) How are participant observation and ethnography different from each other? What do they share in common?

Feedback: Ethnography is typically a prolonged observation, whereas a participant observation does not need to occur over a long period of time. Both attempt to observe social life to gain insights into social conditions and processes.

Section reference: Overview; Introduction

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 2

2) What does it mean to approach ethnography as a sensibility?

Feedback: Desmond talks about this idea when he says that “if we approach ethnography as a sensibility, then we can begin cultivating a set of skills or disciplines long before we enter the field” Requires time, understanding of the people and setting, interpreting what is observed to tell a story about social life

Section reference: Introduction; Why Participant Observation

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 3

3) What are the advantages and the challenges of participant observation?

Feedback: Can view the world and social life as it actually unfolds. Can shed light on new areas of interest and in-depth understanding of the social world. Can locate people’s lives, decisions, and relationships in broader social contexts. Challenges include the time involved, ethical challenges, potential to disrupt people’s lives, and the demands of being immersed in the field.

Section reference: Why Participant Observation

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 4

4) What advice would you give a researcher about the best way to choose their site for a participant observation study?

Feedback: Look for informants, since some people may not want to be studied. Have to consider the research questions and goals and whether or not you can gain access to the site.

Section reference: Choosing a Site

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 5

5) Compare and contrast open and closed research settings. What are the advantages and limitations of each? Provide an example of each type of setting.

Feedback: Open settings are public and closed settings are private or restricted, though line between the two is fuzzy. Gaining access in an open setting doesn’t mean it will be meaningful access. Closed settings may require more formal access.

Section reference: Open versus Closed settings

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 6

6) How does personal history and identity impact how a researcher gains access to an observation site? If you were to launch a participation observation study, which settings would you be able to easily observe because of your own identity or history?

Feedback: Personal history can make some settings more accessible. When a researcher doesn’t share an identity with the group they are observing that can make it more difficult to gain access.

Section reference: Entering and Navigating the Setting

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 7

7) What are the advantages and disadvantages of covert and overt participant observation?

Feedback: Overt means that the participants know they are being observed, whereas covert research involves the researcher concealing their researcher status. Covert research requires deception which is ethically problematic. However, when people know they are being observed they may change their behaviour.

Section reference: Table 10.1; Overt versus covert participation

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 8

8) Why does Fine claim that “we ethnographers cannot help but lie, but in lying, we reveal truths that escape those who are not so bold” (1993, 290)”?

Feedback: Ethnographers have to make compromises when in the field, which sometimes counter how they want to view their research or their subjects. Ethnographers may want to be observant and objective observers, but emotions can factor into what they observer or how they feeling about the people they observe. He encourages ethnographers to be transparent about these choices and challenges.

Section reference: Box 10.1

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 9

9) What are some of the tactics that ethnographers can use to gain access to the field? What is the role of gatekeepers and sponsors?

Feedback: Use connections/friends/colleagues; use sponsors to vouch for you, particularly to gatekeepers who would grant access or not; offer something in return; be clear about the goal of the study; negotiate; be clear about what is required of the people being observed.

Section reference: Tactics and resources when gaining access

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 10

10) How did Bettie (2014) maintain access in her research study of high school students? What are other methods that ethnographers use to maintain access?

Feedback: Bettie dressed in a certain way so she would not be mistaken for a teacher or administrator and allowed her to move between the groups she was studying. Other methods include playing up credentials; being likeable and non-judgemental; playing a meaningful role; being prepared to be tested; be aware of how people in the setting may view you.

Section reference: Maintaining Access

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 11

11) What is a key informant? What role can key informants play in the research process? Why are they important? Use Whyte’s research as an example to support your answer.

Feedback: A key informant is a person who shares expertise, knowledge, and authority with an ethnographer. Key informants are often integral to the success of the study. Key informants can provide information and insights and help the researcher navigate the field. They can translate the context and provide support.

Section reference: Box 10.2

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 12

12) Compare and contract the various roles that a participant observer can play in the field. Provide an example of each.

Feedback: Complete participant; participant-as-observer; observer-as-participant; complete obsever

Section reference: Balancing Participation and Observation

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 13

13) What factors impact how active or passive a participant observer decides to be in the course of their study?

Feedback: May feel pressure to participate actively in order to gain trust from respondents. Could lose credibility if they aren’t participating actively. May have to be active because of the nature of the group.

Section reference: Active or Passive?

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 14

14) What are field notes? Why are they important? What practices should a researcher consider when writing field notes in order for them to be effective later?

Feedback: field notes are the primary source of data. Provide an account of what was happening in the setting, as well as how the researcher reflects on that. Should include detailed summaries of what is observed.

Section reference: Field notes

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 15

15) What is the role of the emotions and feelings of the researcher when it comes to field notes? How is this different from other types of research?

Feedback: Typically researchers are told to keep their feelings, opinions, emotions and so on separate from their observations to avoid bias. In field research, it is an important part of the process to reflect and disclose the researcher’s experience, as well as how their perspectives, histories, and feelings impact what they are observing.

Section reference: Box 10.4

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 16

16) What is a visual ethnography? How do visual ethnographers read images? Use Luttrell’s research to support your answer.

Feedback: Visual ethnography analyses visual media to gain insight into people’s lives. Researchers ask participants to produce visual texts that document their experiences.

Section reference: Visual Ethnography; Methods in Motion

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 17

17) What is an institutional ethnography? What are the aims of this type of research?

Feedback: Institutional ethnography explores how institutional discourses relate to people’s everyday experiences with institutions. The goal is to see how institutional relationships affect the personal experiences of the individuals involved.

Section reference: Institutional ethnography

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 18

18) What is feminist ethnography? What are the key insights of this perspective?

Feedback: The orientation of ethnography is viewed as being well suited to the goals of feminism because it documents people’s lives and activities and understands the social world from the perspective of the people being studied. A key characteristic is the efforts to ensure that the research is non-exploitative.

Section reference: Feminist ethnography

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 19

19) How does a researcher know when it is time to exit the field? What ethical, practical, and methodological concerns should a researcher consider when exiting the field?

Feedback: Exiting can reflect personal considerations. Also when new information is not being discovered it could be time to exit. Must manage the exit. Remember ethical commitments. Explain to participants why the exit is happening.

Section reference: Exiting the field well

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 10 Question 20

20) How do ethnography and qualitative interviewing provide different understandings of the social worlds they study? Which approach would you be most likely to pursue if you were doing a qualitative project and why?

Feedback: Answers vary

Section reference: Comparing Ethnography and Qualitative Interviewing