Full Test Bank Ch9 Diversity: Women, Ethnics, And African - Urban World 11e | Practice Test Bank Palen by J. John Palen. DOCX document preview.
Multiple Choice:
1. Sociologists consider women a minority because __________.
a. of their smaller numbers
b. of their child-bearing role in society
c. they prefer to be considered as such
d. of their historically subordinate status in society
2. The middle-class idea that work outside the home was a man's world, and the home itself was a center of civilization and security managed by women first emerged __________.
a. in ancient Rome
b. in the early 1700s
c. during the industrial revolution in the 1800s
d. after World War II in the U.S.
3. Women's role in the home was emphasized in __________.
a. feminist preferences
b. Uncle Tom's Cabin
c. the cult of female domesticity
d. urbanization cult
4. Which of the following is true of U.S. middle- and upper-class homes in the 19th century?
a. Physical spaces in the home came to be divided by age.
b. Physical spaces in the home came to be identified by gender.
c. Rooms were pretty much shared by all members of the family without regard to gender or age.
d. There was no clear pattern associated with the use of physical space in the home.
5. According to the text, in the early 20th century progressive era, household ideology was __________.
a. “shared domesticity”
b. “gender segregation”
c. “gender equality”
d. “uni-sex”
6. The text maintains the “practical necessity” of middle-class women remaining at home to accomplish domestic chores was significantly reduced in the __________ with the emergence of labor-saving devices.
a. 1880s
b. 1920s
c. 1940s
d. 1950s
7. What did early 20th century feminists advocate to break “the patriarch-designed drudgery and isolation” that middle-class women faced in the home?
a. They favored the establishment of uni-sex communes separating men from women.
b. They argued for legislation that would require men to do an equal share of domestic chores at home.
c. They favored the establishment of collectivist organizations where people would live in housing without private kitchens or laundries.
d. They formed a “return to the city” movement where chores such as cooking and cleaning could be “out-sourced"” to third parties.
8. Today, co-housing projects are most commonly found in __________.
a. Canada
b. England
c. Germany
d. Scandinavia
9. Sociological research was first done on gendered housing preferences in the late __________.
a. 1960s
b. 1950s
c. 1940s
d. 1930s
10. Gans’ study of Levittowners indicated that Levittown women __________.
a. were more pleased with suburban living than were men
b. were less pleased with suburban living than were men
c. were almost 100 percent satisfied with their suburban lives
d. were especially pleased with their busy network of friends and neighbors in the suburbs
11. Daphne Spain’s study of data from the U.S. Government Housing survey indicated that women today prefer to live in __________.
a. single family suburban houses
b. homes in rural communities
c. central city row houses
d. inner city apartments
12. What percentage of women with school –age children are now employed outside the home?
a. one quarter
b. one third
c. one half
d. three quarters
13. McManus and Bullock found that women are more successful in being elected to public office __________.
a. in rural communities
b. in small towns
c. in small cities with populations less than 10,000
d. in cities with populations over 25,000
14. The country of ancestry reported by the largest percentage of Americans is _________.
a. England
b. Ireland
c. Germany
d. Italy
15. It is estimated there were__________ immigrants to the United States before the 1920s.
a. 30 million
b. 45 million
c. 60 million
d. 75 million
16. Which of the following statements about the immigration to the U.S. is true? ________
a. America has always welcomed newcomers with open arms.
b. America has not always welcomed newcomers with open arms.
c. America has always welcomed only population willing to settle in the cities.
d. America has always welcomed only population willing to settle in the rural areas.
17. The first of the mass immigrant groups was the __________.
a. Irish
b. Germans
c. Poles
d. Italians
18. The Irish and Germans are called __________.
a. old or second wave immigrants
b. new immigrants
c. third wave immigrants
d. founding fathers
19. Between 1901-1920, a majority of immigrants came from __________.
a. Northern and Western Europe
b. Southern and Eastern Europe
c. Ireland, England and Scotland
d. Asia and Latin America
20. Immigration was spurred at the beginning of the 20th century by __________.
a. religious dissent
b. stiff immigration laws
c. opening of the frontier
d. the technology of larger and faster steamships
21. The so-called third wave immigrants in the early 20th century came from
a. Southern and Eastern Europe
b. Northern and Western Europe
c. West Africa
d. Mexico
22. The third wave immigrants generally __________.
a. were farmers who settled in rural areas
b. concentrated in the industrial cities
c. were Protestants
- came to America from countries with a strong tradition of self governing
23. Third-Wave immigration took place between _______________
a. 1820 – 1880
b. 1880 – 1920
c. 1920 – 1950
d. 1950 – today
24. By the time the third-wave immigrants arrived, ___________
a. the frontier had closed and the best farmlands were taken.
b. the founding fathers strongly supported free and open migration.
c. the famine caused more than a million deaths by starvation in Ireland
d. most of the southern and eastern European immigrants stayed in the rural areas, as had the Irish before them.
25. According to the U.S. Census, blacks are classified as a __________ group.
a. racial
b. cultural
c. national
d. ethnic
26. If, as the text asserts, racial categories are more “myth than science”, why does race continue to have social meaning?
a. Those who control the federal government want it that way.
b. Race continues to have social meaning because it is a difference that is immediately visible as an identifier.
c. Minorities uniformly want to keep distinctions based on race.
d. Insufficient effort has been made to educate the public about the concept of race.
27. According to the text, race is __________.
a. exclusively a biological construct
b. exclusively a social construct
c. equally a biological and social construct
d. far more of a social than a biological construct
28. Between 1800 and 1900 __________.
a. blacks increased as a percentage of the total population
b. blacks decreased as a percentage of the total population
c. most blacks migrated to industrial cities of the North
d. about half of blacks moved out of the South
29. Which of the following is a difference between white ethnic and black migration to the city?
a. Major white immigration into cities occurred after World War I while black immigration occurred after the Civil War.
b. White ethnics were less well-received by established city residents because they arrived after blacks from the south.
c. White ethnics suffered more discrimination because they did not know the language or the customs of their new country.
d. Blacks migrated to Northern cities in large numbers beginning with the First World War while major waves of immigration of white ethnics began in the 19th century.
30. Black slaves in cities __________.
a. usually had political rights
b. were generally worse off than plantation slaves
c. were often hired out as contract laborers
d. sharply decreased in numbers in the years prior to the Civil War
31. Jim Crow laws establishing separate facilities for blacks and whites occurred
during __________.
a. the pre-Civil War period
b. the period immediately after the Civil War
c. the turn of the century (1890-1910)
d. the period after World War I
32. Major black movement out of the South began with __________.
a. the Civil War
b. the period just after the Civil War
c. the First World War
d. the depression of the 1930s
33. Today most black migration movement is __________.
a. out of the rural areas of the South to the North
b. out of the urban areas of the North to the South
c. toward the industrial North
d. from one Northern urban area to another Northern urban area
34. Today the majority of black migration is from __________.
a. rural north to urban north
b. urban north to rural south
c. rural south to rural north
d. urban north to urban south
35. According to the text, today African Americans perceive that the racial atmosphere in the South is __________ than that in the northern cities.
a. much worse
b. slightly worse
c. often better
d. no different
36. Research done by Farley and Frey examining trends in 232 metropolitan areas having significant black populations found that the highest contemporary segregation levels are found in the __________.
a. North
b. South
c. East
d. West
37. According to the text, studies of segregation in U.S. cities document high, __________ levels of segregation.
a. and increasing
b. and consistent
c. but gradually declining
d. but rapidly declining
38. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Even today, the federal government continues to encourage racially restrictive neighborhoods.
b. The federal government has never encouraged racially restrictive neighborhoods.
c. The federal government first ceased to encourage racially restrictive neighborhoods in 1918, following World War I.
d. The federal government encouraged racially restrictive neighborhoods up until 1968.
39. A “restrictive covenant” is __________.
a. a mortgage lending institution's designation of an urban area as “high risk”, making it difficult to secure loans to purchase or improve property in that area
b. an unwritten practice of real estate agents that keeps minority buyers away from (or directs them to) certain neighborhoods
c. a document attached to a deed that legally prevents sale of property to certain racial or ethnic minority groups
d. a legal document preventing racial or ethnic discrimination in the advertising and sale of real estate
40. “Redlining” refers to __________.
a. a mortgage lending institution's designation of an urban area as “high risk”, making it difficult to secure loans to purchase or improve property in that area
b. an unwritten practice of real estate agents that keeps minority buyers away from (or directs them to) certain neighborhoods
c. attaching to a deed, a document that legally prevents sale of property to certain racial or ethnic minority groups
d. legally preventing racial or ethnic discrimination in the advertising and sale of real estate
41. “Steering” refers to __________.
a. a mortgage lending institution's designation of an urban area as “high risk”, making it difficult to secure loans to purchase or improve property in that area
b. an unwritten practice of real estate agents that keeps minority buyers away from (or directs them to) certain neighborhoods
c. attaching to a deed, a document that legally prevents sale of property to certain racial or ethnic minority groups
d. legally preventing racial or ethnic discrimination in the advertising and sale of real estate
42. Which of the following statements about African Americans is most accurate?
a. African Americans are a homogeneous group that shares common economic characteristics.
b. All African Americans, from the upper and middle class to the poor, have experienced significant improvements in their economic condition.
c. All African Americans, from the upper and middle classes to the poor, have experienced a significant decline in their economic condition.
d. There are two groups of African Americans⎯those who have experienced significant success in their economic condition and those whose economic condition has become worse.
43. Which of the following statements about blacks and whites in the U.S. is true today?
a. Married, college-educated blacks have all but closed the income gap with similarly educated whites.
b. Blacks are far more likely to drop out of high school than are whites.
c. College educated blacks are less likely than whites to hold executive, administrative, or managerial jobs.
d. The wealth gap between blacks and whites has almost disappeared.
44. Regarding the educational levels of African American men and women, __________.
a. both sexes have achieved about the same median level of education
b. men have surpassed women and are much more likely to complete college
c. women are twice as likely to have either a masters or bachelor's degree
d. women are more likely to complete high school but less likely to go on to college than men
45. Today, approximately __________ percent of African Americans live in poverty.
a. 25
b. 33
c. 41
d. 50
46. The book’s author says that the Trump presidency
a. has supported affirmative action
b. has not changed previous President’s policies toward persons of color
c. has favored Blacks Lives Matter
d. has spoken negatively about persons of color
47. William Julius Wilson argues that to understand the plight of the disadvantaged underclass in U.S. inner cities, one must __________.
a. examine the inner workings of racism in America
b. study changes in the economy that took jobs away from the cities
c. look at federal government programs that failed to protect the poor
d. examine the “welfare ethos that took over among the urban poor”
48. When comparing wealth white wealth is ___________ times black wealth.
a. 5 times
b. 10 times
c. 20 times
d. no difference
49. A young male’s safety in the streets is often based on how much ___________ he recieves.
a. education
b. skill
c. respect
d. employment
True-False:
50. Women are often discussed as a minority not because of their numbers but because of their historically subordinate role.
a. T
b. F
51. The fact that men’s and women’s places in, and experience of, the city have not been the same has received much scholarly attention from sociologists since the late 1800s.
a. T
b. F
52. When the Chicago School sociologists examined the impact of the city on newcomers, it was the urban experiences of males (not females) that were the focus of discussion.
a. T
b. F
53. The 19th century ideology of female domesticity was based on provisions in the U.S. Constitution that legally placed responsibility for household matters on the shoulders of women.
a. T
b. F
54. Physical spaces within middle- and upper-class homes in the 19th century came to be identified by gender—husbands had their own spaces that were separate from those of their wives.
a. T
b. F
55. The very influential 19th century book entitled, Treatise on Domestic Economy, was written by Jane Addams.
a. T
b. F
56. The early 20th century models of family behavior differed considerably from those of the previous century. For one, the idea of household separateness was replaced by one of “shared domesticity”.
a. T
b. F
57. Floor plans of 20th century houses differed from 19th century houses in that they had more enclosed spaces and were less open and spacious with the idea being to facilitate the separation of the sexes.
a. T
b. F
58. The technological advances in labor saving devices introduced in the 1920s made it possible for more women to spend time outside the home for the first time.
a. T
b. F
59. Early 20th century feminists saw suburban homes as an enlightened way of promoting sexual equality through living arrangements.
a. T
b. F
60. The early 20th century community of Llano del Rio, California was a feminist-based community designed without kitchens or laundries in the homes.
a. T
b. F
61. Sociological research has been done on gendered housing preferences since the early 1900s, beginning with the Chicago School.
a. T
b. F
62. Contemporary communities that share common facilities are known as “co-housing”.
a. T
b. F
63. Today, co-housing projects are most commonly found in England.
a. T
b. F
64. Herbert Gans, in his Levittown study, found that females preferred to live in the suburb more than males.
a. T
b. F
65. Contemporary research reinforces the findings of early suburban studies showing that women were isolated in suburban homes.
a. T
b. F
66. According to the text, in contemporary urban areas men and women are still sometimes spatially segregated in ways that reduce women’s access to information, knowledge and power.
a. T
b. F
67. Women’s occupational goals tend to be more sex-typed than those of men as women are more likely to be loners who place high preference on status, power and money.
a. T
b. F
68. Even today with emphasis placed on sexual equality in the workplace, studies have found that working mothers feel a greater need to be closer to home than working fathers.
a. T
b. F
69. In the U.S. it generally appears that smaller urban places are more likely to elect women to public office.
a. T
b. F
70. According to the text, American immigration was the largest mass migration in the history of the world.
a. T
b. F
71. The actual number of immigrants to the U.S. today is considerably less than the number of immigrants coming to this country in 1900.
a. T
b. F
72. Today in the U.S., almost one-out-of-ten residents are foreign born.
a. T
b. F
73. Among white ethnic groups, people who trace their ancestry to England are the largest.
a. T
b. F
74. The second wave of ethnic immigration to the U.S. occurred between 1820 and 1880.
a. T
b. F
75. First wave immigrants to the U.S. consisted mostly of Slavs, Poles, Jews, Italians and Greeks.
a. T
b. F
76. According to the text, Irish immigrants to the U.S. were often used for hazardous work in the South because they were cheaper to replace than slaves.
a. T
b. F
77. Third wave immigrants settled the American frontier.
a. T
b. F
78. Second wave immigrants began arriving in the U.S. after 1968.
a. T
b. F
79. Today 5 out of 10 immigrants come from somewhere in Europe.
a. T
b. F
80. First wave immigrants to the U.S. come primarily from Latin America and Asia.
a. T
b. F
81. Third wave immigrants have accelerated the deterioration of U.S. cities by taxing human resources and encouraging the flight of middle-class whites and blacks out of the central cities and into the suburbs.
a. T
b. F
82. Well into the 20th century the majority of the urban population was foreign born or first generation American.
a. T
b. F
83. By the 1920s arguments to restrict immigration were primarily made on the belief that foreigners were racially and genetically inferior to the old “American” stock.
a. T
b. F
84. The African American population of the U.S. is greater than the entire population of Canada.
a. T
b. F
85. The first blacks in the American colonies were not slaves but indentured servants.
a. T
b. F
86. The proportion of blacks in the U.S. population steadily increased during the 1800s.
a. T
b. F
87. The African American population of the U.S. was, until the 20th century, overwhelmingly rural and southern.
a. T
b. F
88. Today, black migration within the U.S. is primarily from the urban North to the rural South.
a. T
b. F
89. Slavery in the U.S. was basically a rural institution, but by 1820 approximately 20 percent of the residents of major southern cities were slaves.
a. T
b. F
90. On the eve of the U. S. Civil War approximately one of eight African Americans in the South were “free colored persons”.
a. T
b. F
91. According to the text, Jim Crow Laws separating whites and blacks were a product of the years between 1890 and 1910.
a. T
b. F
92. Segregation of public facilities was a characteristic of the pre-Civil War urban south.
a. T
b. F
93. The “separate but equal” doctrine, allowing segregation of the races, was repealed by the U.S. Supreme Court in its decision “Plessy vs. Ferguson”.
a. T
b. F
94. African American immigrants to urban areas during the “Great Migration” started when the number of unskilled jobs was expanding.
a. T
b. F
95. The Great Migration of African Americans took place from World War II to the 1970s.
a. T
b. F
96. As a result of the great northern migration of African Americans in the 20th century, the New York metropolitan area housed more blacks than any state of the old south.
a. T
b. F
97. According to the Bureau of the Census today the major pattern of African American migration is still from the South to the North.
a. T
b. F
98. Today, young college educated blacks are most likely to move south than north.
a. T
b. F
99. Studies of racial segregation in U.S. cities since 1940 indicate that there has been no change in overall segregation levels in the last 75 years.
a. T
b. F
100. Research by Farley and Frey shows that the lowest segregation levels are found in newer western and southern metropolitan areas.
a. T
b. F
101. Research by Farley and Frey indicates that, regionally, the highest contemporary segregation levels are found in the South.
a. T
b. F
102. Until 1968, the U.S. federal government encouraged racially restrictive neighborhoods.
a. T
b. F
103. “Steering” is when potential minority home buyers are only shown homes in minority, or already integrated neighborhoods.
a. T
b. F
104. “Redlining” occurs when banks and lending institutions designate certain neighborhoods as high-risk areas in order to promote or maintain segregation of the races.
a. T
b. F
105. “Steering” refers to the practice of attaching conditions to deeds that legally prohibits the sale of property to racial or ethnic minorities.
a. T
b. F
106. The median income, education, or occupation data for the black population masks the widening gap between rich and poor blacks.
a. T
b. F
107. The gap between whites and blacks in wealth has been closing steadily since the 1960s.
a. T
b. F
108. According to the text, the income gap between married, college-educated whites and blacks under 40 has all but disappeared.
a. T
b. F
109. Currently, African Americans are still significantly more likely to drop out of high school than are whites.
a. T
b. F
110. Today, survey research indicates that African Americans are generally optimistic about the future.
a. T
b. F
112. The gap in educational levels of black men and women closed significantly in the 1990s.
a. T
b. F
113. Poor blacks, especially the welfare poor, have not benefited from the educational and employment opportunities of affirmative action.
a. T
b. F
114. Today, approximately 33 percent of all African Americans live in poverty.
a. T
b. F
115. Of all poor black families, seven-out-of-ten are headed by women.
a. T
b. F
116. Most scholars agree that the crisis of the central cities is due to the “welfare ethos” that has taken over.
a. T
b. F
Short Answer (in addition to those at the end of the chapter):
117. Describe the contradictory images of women from frontier times to current times.
118. What is the ideology of “female domesticity”? How did it impact such things as the architectural design of houses in the late 1800s?
119. What is meant by the “gendered organization of residential space”? Give examples.
120. What was the place of women in early urban research on the city? Why?
121. Discuss Gans’ findings on Levittown women. Why don’t they hold today?
122. What is the difference between “race” and “ethnicity”? Is the concept of race a valid one to use when dividing people into groups? Explain your answer.
123. What is meant by the “Great Migration”? When did it take place? How does it compare with the current geographic mobility of blacks in the U.S.?
124. How have urban segregation patterns in the U.S. been changing in the last 20 years?
125. What techniques have been used to prevent minorities from settling in certain areas of U.S. cities When, and under what legislation, were these practices outlawed?
126. What did Henry Louis Gates mean when he said, “There are now two nations in America, and those two nations—one hopeless and one full of hope—are both black”?
127. According to Bureau of the Census figures, the African American migration has been from the North to the South since the 1980s. Discuss and explain the reasons.
128. How did black immigration to the United States differ from that of other groups such as the Irish?
129. Compare the experiences of the different 19th century immigrant groups entering America. How did their experiences differ?
130. How do first and second wave immigrants compare to third wave immigrants?