Full Test Bank Ch10 Ethics And The War On Terrorism - Test Bank | Criminal Justice Ethics 5e by Cyndi L. Banks by Cyndi L. Banks. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 10: Ethics and the “War on Terrorism”
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Decisions to wage war under the just war doctrine require that the justice of opting for
war is determined by whether a proposed war satisfies a number of criteria, including
the following ______.
a. it is properly authorized
b. it is a last resort
c. it is motivated by right intention
d. all of these
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: A Closer Look: Explaining “Just War”
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. ______ is problematic to define and has a number of official and legal definitions.
a. Murder
b. Rape
c. Terrorism
d. Treason
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Defining Terrorism
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Unlike criminals, terrorists have ______.
a. rigorous training
b. political motivations
c. psychiatric problems
d. a higher recidivism rate
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Defining Terrorism
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Which of the following are associated with terrorism?
a. irrationality
b. judgment
c. fanaticism
d. both irrationality and fanaticism
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Terrorism as a Moral Judgment
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Acts of terrorism by ______ are a more prevalent and deadly form of terrorism than
terrorism by ______, according to Kapitan.
a. States; groups
b. Militia; states
c. Groups; states
d. Fanatics; governments
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension
Answer Location: Terrorism as a Moral Judgment
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Rather than view terrorism as a war or national security problem, some authors
suggest that we might better view terrorism as a ______.
a. religious conflict
b. political conflict
c. criminal justice or law enforcement matter
d. problem or resource distribution
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: A Criminal Justice Approach to Terrorism
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Which of the following are ways we differentiate a war on terrorism from regular
warfare?
a. The nature of the enemy.
b. The location of hostilities.
c. The type of tactics employed.
d. all of these
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Application
Answer Location: Warfare or Crime Control?
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Which of the following is not a command to followers or goal of Al Qaeda?
a. Set up an Islamist caliphate comprised of Muslims everywhere.
b. Kill U.S. citizens, civilian or military, everywhere.
c. Conquer the world and peaceably convert all to Islam.
d. Topple Muslim governments which fail to practice true Islam.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension
Answer Location: Warfare or Crime Control?
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Following 9/11, the Congress passed the ______ Act which gave government new
powers and arguably threatened constitutional rights.
a. Anti-Terrorism
b. Iraq and Afghanistan Liberation
c. USA PATRIOT
d. International Crime Control
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Warfare or Crime Control?
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. What act has been described as having been “passed in response to a largely
undefined threat from a poorly understood source”?
a. War Against Terrorism
b. Freedom Act
c. USA PATRIOT Act
d. 9/11 Act
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Warfare or Crime Control?
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. The British have introduced ______ orders intended to impede the planning of
terrorist attacks by placing restriction on suspected persons’ freedom of movement and
association.
a. control
b. active
c. freedom
d. liberation
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Warfare or Crime Control?
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. Proponents of the ______ approach to the war argue that prisoners arrested
following 9/11 are to be considered prisoners of war (POWs) until a competent tribunal
determines otherwise.
a. Bush strategy
b. Obama strategy
c. Human Rights Convention
d. Geneva Convention
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Waging a War on Terrorism
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. As part of the war on terror, the U.S. government has detained individuals at
______, on the Island of Cuba, and denied them many of the usual rights granted to
criminal suspects.
a. Guantanamo Bay
b. Mariel
c. Havana
d. the Bay of Pigs
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Waging a War on Terrorism
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. Wilkinson (2001) points to several risks of adopting a war-like approach. Which of
the following are risks, according to Wilkinson?
a. danger that military response could provoke wider conflict involving diminished focus
on relevant terrorist group in favor of broader multistate strategy
b. danger that the death of innocent civilians will diminish international sympathy for the
victim state and shift the moral high ground away from that state
c. danger that military action will give rise to false expectations of a total failure of defeat
of terrorism
d. all of these
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Risks of a Warlike Approach
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. Which of the following are reasons for adopting the war paradigm?
a. It permits the employment of warlike measures concurrently with law enforcement
measures.
b. It enables the executive branch of government to exercise wide powers under the
authority of the president as commander-in-chief.
c. It gives the executive the leverage to demand almost any resources in the
furtherance of winning the war.
d. all of these
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Justifications for Waging War
Difficulty Level: Medium
16. Wilkinson’s (2001) “hard-line approach” model includes all of the following elements
except ______.
a. Government must avoid overreaction.
b. Government must focus the war predominantly on creating intelligence.
c. Government must avoid underreaction.
d. Intelligence agencies must be responsible to civilian authorities and be fully
accountable.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Other Responses to Terrorism
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. Blum and Heymann (2010) suggest that a new paradigm that is neither warfare nor
is ______ required because international terrorism does not easily fit within either
alternative paradigm.
a. federally
b. internationally
c. law enforcement
d. all of these
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Other Responses to Terrorism
Difficulty Level: Medium
18. Some advocate that terrorists through their actions have forfeited constitutional and
human rights, and that the government can follow the policy of ______.
a. the ends justify the means
b. two wrongs do not make a right
c. let whatever happens happen
d. retribution
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension
Answer Location: What Are the Morally Justifiable Constraints and Restrictions That a
Government Should Be Permitted to Impose on Its Citizens in a War on Terrorism?
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. Peter Manning (2006) notes a package of measures forming part of the overall
counterterrorist strategy impacting rights and freedoms, including ______.
a. new screening procedures for passengers boarding aircraft
b. establishing a federal directorate of intelligence
c. consolidating data gathered at immigration and customs locations
d. all of these
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Restricting Rights: The Patriot Act and Associated Measures
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. Much of the debate on the ethics of the war on terror has centered on how to
balance the ______.
a. demands of U.S. and international law.
b. requirements of statutes and inconsistent treaties.
c. conflicting goals of security and punishment.
d. need to provide security and still protect rights.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension | Analysis
Answer Location: National Security Considerations
Difficulty Level: Medium
21. Wilson (2005) sees a distinct policy ______ between security and rights.
a. impact
b. dichotomy
c. problem
d. question
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension
Answer Location: National Security Considerations
Difficulty Level: Medium
22. Some argue that, both politically and morally, a government facing a terrorist threat
must avoid ______.
a. legal restrictions, such as the Geneva Conventions
b. establishing such categories as “enemy combatants.”
c. appearing to be “soft” on terrorism
d. repressive overreaction
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Limiting Restrictions
Difficulty Level: Medium
23. Ignatieff (2004) argued that a democracy responding to terrorism without destroying
the values for which it stands would ______.
a. prohibit certain torture
b. prohibit illegal detention
c. prohibit unlawful assassination
d. all of these
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Limiting Restrictions
Difficulty Level: Medium
24. National security measures must pass ______.
a. international obligations
b. individual dignity
c. the conservative test
d. extrajudicial execution
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Limiting Restrictions
Difficulty Level: Medium
25. Applying a consequentialist approach to counterterrorism means ______.
a. not worrying about the consequences
b. asking whether there will be any consequences to our anti-terrorism policies
c. asking whether our policies will render citizens more secure in the long term
d. accepting the unavoidable consequences of our policies
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Limiting Restrictions
Difficulty Level: Medium
26. ______ is seen by many ethicists as a key issue, and many advocate no restrictions
on rights they believe to be basic and inviolable such as the prohibition against torture.
a. Liberty
b. Striking a balance
c. Coercion
d. Democracy
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Rights, Restrictions, and Balancing
Difficulty Level: Medium
27. Waldron (2010) states that ______ is only half a reason for modifying civil liberties.
a. justice
b. war
c. fear
d. coercion
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Rights, Restrictions, and Balancing
Difficulty Level: Medium
28. Torture is a federal crime punishable by up to ______ years in prison.
a. 15
b. 20
c. 25
d. 30
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Is Torture Morally Permissible as a Counterterrorist Strategy?
Difficulty Level: Medium
29. Another serious ethical issue is whether the U.S. should allow ______ of alleged
enemy combatants detained at Guantanamo Bay.
a. international rendition
b. allegorization
c. canonization
d. interrogation involving torture
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Is Torture Morally Permissible as a Counterterrorist Strategy?
Difficulty Level: Medium
30. What torture methods includes full body ducking of prisoners strapped to a board
and to pour icy water over a cloth placed over the face of a prisoner who is strapped
down?
a. Impalement
b. Starvation
c. Waterboarding
d. Crucifixion
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Torture Methods in the War on Terror
Difficulty Level: Medium
31. Some believe that anti-terrorist activities that lead to operational excesses may
nevertheless be morally justified under the principle of “double effect,” meaning ______.
a. an unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both
the action and the intended effect are morally impermissible
b. an unintended but unforeseen morally bad effect of an action can be excused if both
the action and the intended effect are morally permissible
c. the activities are morally permissible if they produce two effects, so long as one is
morally permissible.
d. the activities are only morally impermissible if they produce two effects, both of which
are morally impermissible
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Morality of Torture
Difficulty Level: Medium
32. Famed defense attorney Alan Dershowitz has suggested that torture might be
applied and regulated through ______.
a. torture warrants issued by the courts.
b. ombudsmen.
c. administrative regulations.
d. international agreements.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Justifications for Torture
Difficulty Level: Medium
33. The “ticking bomb” argument attempts to justify ______.
a. torture during interrogation
b. invading foreign countries
c. restricting rights during criminal processing of terrorist defendants
d. accidental killing of civilian non-terrorists
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The “Ticking Bomb” Scenario (TBS)
Difficulty Level: Medium
34. Proponents of ______ in relation to torture are commonly confronted with the TBS
as a counterargument.
a. ethical absolutism
b. moral absolutism
c. ethical pluralism
d. cultural relativism
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The “Ticking Bomb” Scenario (TBS)
Difficulty Level: Medium
35. Some point to some of the issues raised by the ticking bomb argument, such as
______.
a. it suggests there is a known threat
b. there is a need for immediate action because it is certain that the bomb will explode
c. it is essential that the person we intend to torture be the maker of the threat
d. all of these
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The “Ticking Bomb” Scenario (TBS)
Difficulty Level: Medium
36. ______ arguments were adopted by the Landau Commission of Enquiry in Israel in
1987.
a. Consequentialist
b. Deontologist
c. Absolutist
d. Relativist
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Moral Legitimacy of Torture
Difficulty Level: Medium
37. Nonabsolutist ______ would support torture in what are deemed to be “catastrophic”
situations.
a. consequentialists
b. deontologists
c. absolutists
d. relativists
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Moral Legitimacy of Torture
Difficulty Level: Medium
38. Brecher (2007) critiques the ______ as a “fantasy derived from philosophers’
thought-experiments which are usually designed to test the limits of moral theory.”
a. slippery slope
b. terrorism scenario
c. ticking bomb scenario
d. slippery slope scenario
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The “Ticking Bomb” Scenario (TBS)
Difficulty Level: Medium
39. Some oppose the “ticking time bomb” argument as a justification for torture because
______.
a. it negates the autonomy and dignity of the individual
b. it is not likely to happen as its proponents claim
c. it is not a realistic scenario
d. it is a slippery slope, which could expand its use in other circumstances
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The “Slippery Slope” Argument Against Torture
Difficulty Level: Medium
40. Brecher (2007) suggests that ______ the occupation of torturer would radically
reconfigure people’s conceptions of everyday decency.
a. legitimizing
b. demonizing
c. prohibiting
d. all of these
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The “Slippery Slope” Argument Against Torture
Difficulty Level: Medium
41. The only country to use a legal model of torture is ______.
a. Iraq
b. Israel
c. China
d. Russia
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Lawful Torture Model
Difficulty Level: Medium
42. U.S. practice on ______ seems to have begun with the efforts of the CIA to kill Fidel
Castro and continued into the Vietnam War with plots to assassinate the president of
South Vietnam and with the Phoenix Program, designed to kill Vietcong leaders.
a. warfare
b. anti-terrorism
c. justifiable warfare
d. targeted assassinations
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The United States and Targeted Killings
Difficulty Level: Medium
43. Employing the ______ paradigm as a counterterrorist strategy enabled
administration lawyers to differentiate attacks targeting terrorists from banned
assassinations and to rationalize such targeting as lawful operations against enemy
combatants.
a. drone paradigm
b. enemy paradigm
c. war paradigm
d. terrorism paradigm
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The United States and Targeted Killings
Difficulty Level: Medium
44. Terrorists are also termed ______ combatants.
a. justifiable
b. intelligence
c. unlawful
d. warfare
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The United States and Targeted Killings
Difficulty Level: Medium
45. Drone attacks during the Trump administration have been newly extended ______.
a. Afghanistan and Pakistan
b. Syria and Somalia
c. Yemen and Pakistan
d. none of these
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The United States and Targeted Killings
Difficulty Level: Medium
46. The deployment of drones increased ______ between 2008 and 2011.
a. twofold
b. threefold
c. by 6%
d. by 10%
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Armed drones and targeted killings
Difficulty Level: Medium
47. What is the best-known weaponized drone?
a. Predator
b. Terminator
c. Cyclops
d. Khan
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Armed drones and targeted lillings
Difficulty Level: Medium
48. ______ warfare involves death on a large scale and for some great purpose.
a. Justified
b. Heroic
c. Grand
d. Historic warfare
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: “Post Heroic” Warfare
Difficulty Level: Easy
49. The principle of ______ requires that damage inflicted by a drone attack should not
be disproportionate to the benefit to be gained by inflicting it.
a. targeting
b. proportionality
c. attack
d. targeting
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Proportionality
Difficulty Level: Medium
50. Which of the following are the ethical arguments against targeted killing?
a. Assassination is an immoral act and a form of politically motivated murder outside the
bounds of the conventions of war and morality.
b. Assassination violates U.S. values and principles because it is done in secret and is a
display of the exercise of overbearing state power against individuals.
c. Targeted killing calls into question the morality of U.S. foreign policy, which stresses
human rights and democracy.
d. all of these
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Arguments Against Targeted Killings
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
1. The federal government has adopted a criminal justice/law enforcement to the
problem of terrorism.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension | Application
Answer Location: A Criminal Justice Approach to Terrorism
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. One of the goals of Al Qaeda is to kill U.S. citizens, military and civilian no matter
where they are found.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension
Answer Location: Warfare or Crime Control?
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. A consequentialist approach to the ethical issues in the war on terrorism judge
counterterrorist measures purely by their effectiveness.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge | Comprehension
Answer Location: Limiting Restrictions
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. The ticking bomb argument is used to justify torture during interrogation of dangerous
terrorists.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The “Ticking Bomb” Scenario (TBS)
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. There is one universally accepted practical and legal definition of “terrorism.”
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Defining Terrorism
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Our understanding of the concept of national security will necessarily shape an
assessment of the morality of measures intended to secure it.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: National Security Considerations
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Defense attorney Alan Dershowitz advocates use of judicially granted “torture
warrants” to justify severe punishment of convicted terrorists.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Justifications for Torture
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Proponents of moral absolutism in relation to torture are commonly confronted with
the ticking bomb scenario as a counterargument to moral absolutism.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The “Ticking Bomb” Scenario (TBS)
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. The only legal model of torture that exists is in use in Columbia.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Lawful Torture Model
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Self-defense is authorized under Article 51 of the United Nations Charter.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The United States and Targeted Killings
Difficulty Level: Easy
Short Answer
1. Many definitions of terrorism include an element that the crimes are committed for
religious, political or ideological ______.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Defining Terrorism
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. One of the goals of al-Qaeda is to create an ______ composed of all Muslims
everywhere.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Warfare or Crime Control?
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. The primary federal statute authorizing the current war on terrorism is the ______
Act.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: A Criminal Justice Approach to Terrorism
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Although it is allegedly being used during interrogation of suspected terrorists,
______ is a crime under federal law.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Is Torture Morally Permissible as a Counterterrorist Strategy?
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Terrorism conducted by governments against their own people or persons in other
countries is termed ______.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Terrorism as a Moral Judgment
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. The issue of targeted killing highlights the critical importance of which strategy of
counterterrorism?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Morality of Targeted Killing
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. The British met the challenge of the tension between security and the criminal justice
model by establishing ______ intended to impede the planning of terrorist attacks by
placing restrictions on suspected persons’ freedom of movement and association.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: A Criminal Justice Approach to Terrorism
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Italy had a problem with which terrorist group during the 1970s?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: What are the Morally Justifiable Constraints and Restrictions That a Government Should Be Permitted to Impose on Its Citizens in a War on Terrorism?
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. What is the term applied to full body duking of prisoners who have been strapped to a
board, face covered by cloth, and have icy water poured over their face?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Torture Methods in the War on Terror
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. What scenario has become a standard argument for the policy that torture is
justified?
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The “Ticking Bomb” Scenario
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
1. Discuss, describe compare and contrast the criminal justice/law enforcement
approach to terrorism and the war/military approach. Please give one example of a
policy for each approach. For each example, discuss one potential ethical issue.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: A Criminal Justice Approach to Terrorism | Waging a War on Terrorism | Risks of a Warlike Approach | Justifications for Waging War | Other Responses to Terrorism | The Morality of Targeted Killings
Difficulty Level: Hard
2. Describe and discuss the ticking bomb argument. Do you think it can justify torture of
dangerous, captured terrorists? Briefly explain your position.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The “Ticking Bomb” Scenario,
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. What are the goals of al-Qaeda? In your opinion, given these goals, should the war
on terrorism take a war/military approach or a law-enforcement/criminal justice
approach? Please explain your position and provide examples.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Warfare or Crime Control?
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Discuss Ginbar’s (2008) principal arguments challenging the absolutist perspective
that torture ought to be entirely prohibited. What is your perspective?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Moral Legitimacy of Torture
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. What would a legal model of torture look like?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Justifications for Torture | Lawful Torture Model
Difficulty Level: Medium
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Test Bank | Criminal Justice Ethics 5e by Cyndi L. Banks
By Cyndi L. Banks