Full Test Bank 12th Edition Sensation And Perception Ch.4 - Psychology in Action 12e Test Bank by Karen Huffman. DOCX document preview.

Full Test Bank 12th Edition Sensation And Perception Ch.4

Chapter 4, 12th Edition: Sensation and Perception, Multiple Choice, Short Answer/Fill-In, and Essay

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Sensation is the process of _____ raw sensory data from the internal and external world and transmitting it to the brain.

a) detecting, converting, and transmitting

b) selecting, organizing, and interpreting

c) receiving, organizing, and selectively disregarding

d) selecting, receiving, and organizing

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

2. Your visual receptors have begun to detect, convert, and transmit the contours of the letters on this exam to your brain. You are therefore engaged in the process of _____.

a) perception

b) organization

c) transduction

d) sensation

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Difficult

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

3. _______ is/are the mind’s window to the outside world.

a) The association cortices

b) Our senses

c) Neurotransmitters

d) The nervous system

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

4. The process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory data into meaningful objects and events is called _____.

a) memory

b) attention

c) perception

d) sensation

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

5. The three key functions of sensation are, respectively, _____.

a) stimulation, coding, and transduction

b) transmission, interpretation, and coding

c) detection, conversion, and transmission

d) processing, psychophysics, and sensory adaptation

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

6. Information processing that begins with smaller sensory features and finishes with completed perceptions is called _____ processing.

a) top-down

b) bottom-up

c) horizontal

d) higher-order

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

7. Brittany received a package in the mail that contained wood pieces she thought must be the new cabinet she ordered, but there were no directions. In order to assemble this cabinet, Brittany must use ________.

a) ensemble reasoning

b) top-down processing

c) bottom-up processing

d) affective reasoning

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

8. Information processing that begins with your thoughts, expectations, and knowledge and ends at the sensory level is called _____.

a) top-down

b) bottom-up

c) vertical

d) horizontal

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

9. Bottom-up processing starts its work with ____, whereas top-down processing begins its functions with _________.

a) sensation; perception

b) perception; sensation

c) detecting signals; transmitting signals

d) transmitting signals; detecting signals

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Analysis

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

10. Avita believes that people who share an astrological sign are compatible. When she met Gary, whose sign was compatible with hers, she immediately saw him as “perfect” for her. This is an example of _____ processing.

a) bottom- up

b) crazy

c) astrological

d) top-down

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

11. Bottom-up processing is _____ driven, whereas top-down processing is ______ driven.

a) whole-concept; parts

b) perceptually; sensation

c) conceptually; data

d) data; conceptually

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Analysis

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

12. When you look up at the sky and simply notice the clouds, you are engaging in the process of _____; when you try to organize the clouds into recognizable shapes or objects, you are engaging in the process of _____.

a) hallucinations; delusions

b) sensation; perception

c) passive observation; active observation

d) perception; sensation

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

13. When you are able to read words that have the letters mixed up just because you are expecting certain words to appear, you are engaged in ________ processing.

a) bottom-up

b) top-down

c) data-driven

d) transductive

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

14. Sensory receptors are cells that are specialized _____.

a) to receive and process distinct sensory information

b) to detect and respond to stimulus energy

c) in processing information from the brain and reacting

d) in interpreting information sent from the body

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

15. Sensory detection happens when our_______ detect and process sensory information from the environment.

a) resting potentials

b) action potentials

c) receptors

d) molecules

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

16. Tiny cells on your retina are detecting the contours of the letters on this page and sending that information to your brain. These are your _____ for vision.

a) lenses

b) receptors

c) filters

d) transmitters

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

17. Transduction is the process of converting _____.

a) neural impulses into mental representations of the world

b) receptors into environmental stimuli

c) environmental stimuli into neural impulses

d) receptors into neural impulses

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

18. When you listen to music, the sound waves are converted into neural impulses for your brain to process. This is called _____.

a) transformation

b) sensory transmission

c) perceptual transduction

d) transduction

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

19. Converting physical stimuli into distinct sensations is the process known as _________.

a) transduction

b) coding

c) perception

d) sensation

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

20. Coding converts sensory input into a specific sensation and is dependent upon the _____.

a) number and type of skin cells that are activated

b) neural pathway that caries the information to the brain

c) phase status of the brain

d) frequency of sensory stimulation

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

21. The reason you are seeing this test, rather than smelling it, tasting it, or hearing it, is because your visual receptors are being stimulated and the information is being sent along the optic nerve to the occipital lobe in your brain. This process is called _____.

a) transduction

b) sensory reduction

c) transformation

d) coding

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

22. Sensory reduction refers to the process of _____.

a) reducing your dependence on a single sensory system

b) decreasing the number of sensory receptors that are stimulated

c) filtering and analyzing incoming sensations before sending a neural message to the cortex

d) reducing environmental sensations by physically preventing your sensory organs from seeing or hearing.

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

23. Caleb and Amara sleep through a passing police siren and the blaring of their neighbor's stereo, but wake instantly when their newborn baby begins to whimper softly. This is an example of _____.

a) sensory reduction

b) parenting

c) sensory analysis

d) sensory adaptation

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

24. Using a headset that blocks auditory impulses from being sent to the brain to you sleep better works by _____.

a) sensory deprivation

b) sensory reduction

c) sensory elimination

d) coding

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

25. The branch of psychology that studies the relation between attributes of the physical stimuli and our sensory experience of those attributes is called _____.

a) physical psychology

b) astropsychology

c) parapsychology

d) psychophysics

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

26. The smallest magnitude of a particular stimulus energy that can be detected 50% of the time is called its _____ threshold.

a) signal

b) difference

c) absolute

d) detection

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

27. Dr. Shiguli wants to determine the lightest touch that can be felt by various animals compared to human beings. He would therefore be interested in finding the _____ threshold for touch.

a) absolute

b) difference

c) human

d) perception

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

28. The difference threshold is the minimal _____.

a) physical difference needed to notice a change between two stimuli

b) stimulus energy that can be detected by different people

c) stimulus energy that can be detected at different times by the same person

d) difference needed to determine which senses are involved in a multisensory experience

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

29. Rowena is placed in a room and told to press a button each time she hears a sound become louder. In this test, Rowena’s _____ is being measured.

a) difference threshold for sound

b) adaptation threshold for sound

c) absolute threshold for sound

d) level of auditory accommodation

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

30. A subliminal stimulus refers to any stimulus that _____.

a) is presented during a person’s motivational need state

b) manipulates people without their knowing about it

c) is presented below the absolute threshold of a person's conscious awareness

d) goes undetected in more than 50% of its presentations

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

31. Scientists use a(n) _____ to flash images too quickly for conscious recognition, but slowly enough to be registered.

a) osciloscopio

b) sensorscope

c) tachistoscope

d) sublimascope

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

32. Experiments on subliminal perception have _____.

a) supported the existence of the phenomenon, but found it has little or no effect on persuasion

b) shown that subliminal perception occurs only among children and some adolescents

c) shown that subliminal messages affect only people who are highly suggestible

d) failed to support the phenomenon

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Analysis

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

33. Your friend is thinking of using several subliminal tapes to improve his memory and self-esteem. He asks you what psychologists think about these tapes. What would be the MOST correct response you could make?

a) They provide a convenient and generally reliable form of self-help.

b) They promote mental and physical health.

c) They have been shown to be highly effective for some people.

d) They are not supported by scientific research.

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

34. A phenomenon in which the perceived intensity of a repeated stimulus decreases over time is called sensory_____.

a) coding

b) assimilation

c) accommodation

d) adaptation

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

35. When you first put your clothes on this morning you felt them on your skin, but within minutes you no longer noticed them. This is an example of _____.

a) sensory accommodation

b) sensory adaptation

c) feature detectors

d) habituation

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

36. Our senses adapt to continuous, repetitive stimulation because this allows us to _____.

a) focus on more important, immediate stimuli

b) relax due to familiarity

c) multitask effectively

d) disregard things we never should have paid attention to in the first place

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Analysis

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

37. These senses adapt most quickly to repeated stimulation.

a) smell and touch

b) vision and touch

c) vision and pain

d) smell and hearing

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

38. Which of the following is NOT prone to complete sensory adaptation?

a) Vision

b) Taste

c) Smell

d) Touch

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

39. Which of the following neurotransmitters act(s) like morphine to inhibit pain perception?

a) GABA

b) Epinephrine

c) Endorphins

d) Norepinephrine

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

40. Jose twists his ankle quite badly in the last ten minutes of his school's championship soccer game. He continues to play and does not notice the pain in his ankle. This is probably because of an increase in his _____ levels.

a) testosterone

b) adrenalin

c) epinephrine

d) endorphin

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

41. The _____ theory of pain suggests that pain sensations are processed and altered by mechanisms within the spinal cord.

a) substance G

b) gate-control

c) epinephrine

d) sensory threshold

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

42. The _____ theory of pain helps explain why it sometimes helps to rub or massage an injured thumb.

a) sensory adaptation

b) gate-control

c) just noticeable difference

d) Lamaze

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

43. Jake has just stubbed his toe. How can he apply the gate-control theory of pain to keep his toe from hurting?

a) He can do jumping jacks

b) He can count to 10

c) He can swear a blue streak

d) He can rub the toe that hurts

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

44. The experience of phantom limb pain suggests that _____ can generate pain without sensory input.

a) the brain

b) the spinal cord

c) afferent nerves

d) efferent nerves

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Analysis

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

45. Vision and hearing are a result of our perception of __________.

a) light and sound waves

b) smells and tastes

c) sound waves and vibrations

d) olfaction and lights

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

46. The physical properties of both light and sound waves are ____.

a) wavelength, frequency, and amplitude

b) wavelength, duration, and intensity

c) frequency, duration, and intensity

d) amplitude, frequency, and intensity

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

47. To determine wavelength of a sound or light wave you would measure from _____.

a) top to bottom

b) bottom to bottom

c) peak to peak

d) peak to bottom

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

48. _____ is the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time.

a) Frequency

b) Amplitude

c) Electrogenesis

d) Transduction

Section Ref: How We See and Hear
Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

49. In vision, wavelength determines the _____ of what we see.

a) intensity

b) brightness

c) complexity

d) colors

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

50. With respect to light waves, amplitude determines _____.

a) color

b) intensity

c) hue

d) saturation

Section Ref: How We See and Hear
Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

51. The first structure that light encounters as it enters the front of your eye (assuming that your eyelids are open!) is called the ________.

a) pupil

b) cornea

c) lens

d) choroid

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

52. The iris is the colored part of the eye that controls the opening of the _____.

a) lens

b) optic chiasm

c) pupil

d) cornea

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

53. Blue-eyed Tracy came out of the movie theater after a matinee. What kept Tracy from being blinded by too much sudden sunlight?

a) The muscles in her iris reduced the size of her pupil.

b) The muscles in her pupil reduced the size of her iris.

c) The muscles in her iris reduced the size of her lens.

d) The muscles of her cornea triggered the eyelids to close.

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

54. The name of the colored part of the eye that consists of muscles that control the size of the pupil is the ________.

a) cornea

b) lens

c) iris

d) retina

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

55. The correct order of the pathway for light energy as it enters and makes its way through an eye is _____.

a) pupil - retina - lens - cornea

b) lens - pupil - cornea - retina

c) cornea - pupil - lens - retina

d) retina - pupil - lens - cornea

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

56. The _____ is the transparent elastic structure that focuses light on the back of the eyes by changing shape.

a) pupil

b) iris

c) fovea

d) lens

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

57. The light-sensitive inner surface of the back of the eye, which contains light receiving cells called rods and cones, is called the _____.

a) lens

b) cornea

c) retina

d) fovea

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

58. Rods are most sensitive _____, and less sensitive _____.

a) to color and details; in dim light

b) in dim light; to low-amplitude light waves

c) in dim light; to color and details

d) to color and details; to high-amplitude light waves

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

59. The cones on the retina are sensitive to _____.

a) color and detail

b) dim light and color

c) fine detail and dim light

d) color, fine detail, and dim light

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

60. Cone receptor cells in the retina _____.

a) are equally distributed across the retina

b) outnumber the rods

c) become less numerous toward the center of the retina

d) become more numerous toward the center of the retina

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

61. The point on the retina that contains only cones and is responsible for our sharpest vision is called the _____.

a) focal spot

b) blind spot

c) fovea

d) optic disc

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

62. The blind spot is_____.

a) the part of the retina that is clogged with receptors

b) the area where the optic nerve exits the eye

c) related to how large the pupil in any given moment

d) due to damage to the eye and not something everyone has

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

63. The blind spot has _____ receptors, whereas the fovea has _____ receptors.

a) only cone; both rod and cone

b) no; both rod and cone

c) only rod; only cone

d) no; only cone

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

64. A visual acuity problem that occurs when the cornea and lens focus an image in front of the retina is called _____.

a) farsightedness

b) hyperopia

c) myopia

d) presbyopia

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

65. Farsightedness occurs when the cornea and lens focus an image_____.

a) behind the lens

b) behind the retina

c) in front of the lens

d) in front of the retina

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

66. When the lens of the eye becomes less flexible around middle age, people are diagnosed with ____.

a) myopia

b) presbyopia

c) hyperopia

d) occulopia

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

67. When you enter a darkened environment, visual processing shifts from cones to rods. This is called _____.

a) light adaptation

b) light accommodation

c) dark accommodation

d) dark adaptation

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

68. Lamont is working in a photography darkroom. When he first entered this room, he experienced visual _____ adaptation.

a) light

b) macular

c) dark

d) perceptual

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

69. Which visual receptors adapt faster when confronted with a sudden change in light intensity?

a) Rods

b) Cones

c) Ossicles

d) Macula

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

70. How many hues does your author state humans can discriminate?

a) 4 million

b) 7 million

c) 7 hundred

d) 6 thousand

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

71. Infants old enough to focus and move their eyes show they are able to see color _____ an adult’s ability to do so.

a) less than

b) nearly as well as

c) better than

d) in the primary color range only as well as

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

72. The theory of color vision that says color perception results from mixing three distinct color systems in the retina is called the _____ theory.

a) tricolor

b) trichromatic

c) tripigment

d) opponent-process

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

73. According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, human beings have cones that are primarily receptive to which three colors?

a) Yellow, blue, and green

b) Yellow, red, and green

c) Blue, green, and red

d) Yellow, blue, and red

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

74. Consider the experiment in which you stared at a green, black, and yellow flag for 60 seconds, then looked at a blank sheet of paper and saw the image of the red, white, and blue U.S. flag. How does the author explain this phenomenon?

a) It is a hallucination

b) It is a delusion

c) The trichromatic theory says colors have opposites that activate with exposure

d) The opponent-process system describes this as color afterimages.

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Analysis

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

75. The theory of color vision that is based on three systems of color opposites is called the _____ theory.

a) opponent-process

b) trichromatic

c) paired-process

d) opposing-pairs

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

76. Which of the following is a major flaw in the trichromatic theory of color vision?

a) it does not fully explain color vision

b) mixing the three color wavelengths does not yield the full spectrum of colors that can be perceived by humans

c) it is based on faulty research

d) subsequent research has demonstrated that there are more than three classes of cones

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Evaluation

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

77. When you stare at a red surface and look away at a white background, you see a green color afterimage. Which color theory can explain the phenomenon the best?

a) Trichromatic theory

b) Opponent process theory

c) Dual-process theory

d) Volley theory

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Analysis

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

78. Audition is _____.

a) the absence of a specific sensory system

b) the sense of hearing

c) the sense of touch

d) the interaction of two senses

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

79. The movement of air molecules that is produced by a vibrating object is called _____.

a) vibratory resonance

b) a sound wave

c) an auditory vibration

d) a resonating wave

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

80. The _____ is the name of the outer ear, or the earlobe.

a) hammer

b) anvil

c) cochlea

d) pinna

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

81. The artist Vincent van Gogh is known for cutting off his outer ear. What is the precise name of the part he cut off?

a) The cochlea

b) The ossicles

c) The pinna

d) The malleus

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

82. Which of the following is one of the structure that funnels sound from the outer ear to the middle ear?

a) hammer

b) anvil

c) stirrup

d) auditory canal

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

83. Sound waves cause the _____ to vibrate and pass the mechanical energy on to the three bones in the middle ear.

a) cochlea

b) tympanic membrane

c) malleus

d) incus

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

84. The hammer, anvil, and stirrup are also called the_____.

a) vesicles

b) bones of the outer ear

c) semicircular canals

d) ossicles

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

85. The purpose of the ossicles (i.e., the hammer, anvil, and stirrup) is to _____.

a) bend hair cells in the cochlea

b) cause the basilar membrane to vibrate

c) pass vibrations of the eardrum to the oval window

d) change mechanical energy into electrochemical impulses

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

86. The fluid-filled structure that contains receptors for hearing is the _____.

a) hammer

b) cochlea

c) vestibular canals

d) anvil

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

87. Hair cells are sensory receptors found in the _____.

a) inner ear

b) semicircular canals

c) vestibular sacs

d) ossicles

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

88. The mechanical energy from sound waves is transduced into neural impulses by which process below?

a) The vibration of the oval window

b) The vibration of the eardrum (tympanic membrane)

c) The bending of hair cells on the basilar membrane in the inner ear

d) The bending of hair cells on the cochlea in the oval window

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Analysis

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

89. Which of the following is the CORRECT pathway traveled by sound waves through the ear?

a) Cochlea 🡪 hammer 🡪 anvil 🡪 stirrup 🡪 oval window

b) Oval window 🡪 ear drum 🡪 basilar membrane 🡪 cochlea

c) Ear drum 🡪 hammer 🡪 anvil🡪 stirrup 🡪 cochlea

d) Hammer 🡪 anvil 🡪 stirrup🡪 ear drum 🡪 cochlea

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

90. With respect to sound waves, frequency determines _____.

a) resonance

b) decibels

c) pitch

d) timbre

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

91. When you hear an ambulance siren, it alternates between high and low tones, depending on the frequency of the sound waves. This is called _____.

a) pitch

b) loudness

c) audition

d) resonance

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

92. Lizzie is yelling at her younger brother, and as the argument continues her volume is steadily increasing. This means that the _____ of the sound waves is getting _____.

a) amplitude; higher

b) frequency; faster

c) decibel; lower

d) timbre; more complex

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

93. If you were a teenager wanting to sneak around and receive text messages while in class, what would be the best way to get around your teacher’s hearing?

a) Put your phone on vibrate, and hope the amplitude is low enough the teacher can’t hear it.

b) Put on your cell-phone a ringtone with a very high frequency ring tone.

c) Make a lot of noise every time a message comes in to disguise the sound.

d) Set Brahms’ lullaby as your ringtone and hope your teacher is sleepy.

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

94. The theory that explains how we hear higher-pitched sounds is the ________ theory.

a) place

b) frequency

c) pitch

d) volley

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

95. Frequency theory says we hear lower-pitched sounds because _____.

a) hair cells bend the most at a specific location on the basilar membrane

b) hair cells on the basilar membrane fire action potentials at the same rate as the frequency of the low sound

c) more axons fire action potentials (compared with fewer axons with higher-pitch sounds)

d) fewer axons fire action potentials (compared with more axons with higher-pitched sounds)

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

96. The ________ theory of audition proposes that the basilar membrane hairs bend and fire neural messages at the same rate as the sound characteristic.

a) place

b) frequency

c) opponent process

d) audition

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

97. Sensorineural hearing loss _____.

a) occurs in the middle ear

b) occurs when the ossicles no longer vibrate

c) results from damage to the tympanic membrane

d) results from damage to cochlear hair cells or the auditory nerve

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

98. The most common cause of _____ is continuous exposure to loud noise.

a) auditory illusions

b) auditory hallucinations

c) nerve deafness

d) synesthesia

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

99. The faintest sound you can detect is one decibel, and normal conversation measures _____ decibels.

a) 10

b) 60

c) 90

d) 100

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

100. The noise level at the rock concert you went to last night registered 120 decibels. Prolonged exposure to this level of sound _____.

a) is within safe levels

b) can cause temporary conduction deafness

c) can cause permanent sensorineural hearing loss

d) can cause temporary tinnitus in your ears

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

101. A whistling or ringing sensation in the ears is called ______.

a) pitch error

b) timbre error

c) tingling

d) tinnitus

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

102. Tina has a ringing in her ear that will not go away. Tina is most likely experiencing:

a) tinnitus

b) pitch disorder

c) nerve deafness

d) conduction disorder

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

103. Currently the best, most effective treatment for nerve deafness is:

a) stimulation of the temporal lobe

b) cochlear reconstruction

c) cochlear implant

d) a traditional hearing aid

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

104. Chemical senses rely on the functioning of _____.

a) chemoreceptors

b) electromagnetic energy

c) mechanical vibrations

d) octanoreceptors

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

105. The sense of smell is called _____.

a) gustation

b) olfaction

c) pheromonation

d) kinesthesis

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

106. Natural body scents that may affect the behavior of others, including aggressive and/or sexual behaviors are called _____.

a) pheromones

b) olfactorones

c) stimulones

d) voluptuones

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

107. Gustation is _____.

a) the sense of smell

b) dependent on pheromones

c) the sense of taste

d) the most important of our senses

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

108. The major function of taste is to _____.

a) assist the olfactory sense

b) help us avoid harmful substances

c) increase appetite

d) ensure survival by encouraging eating

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Analysis

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

109. Umami is _____.

a) an African term for “salty sweetness”

b) the olfactory segment of taste

c) a taste with receptors that are sensitive to glutamate

d) the preferred taste sensation of newborns

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

110. The umami taste receptor is sensitive to _____.

a) glutamate

b) bitter chemicals

c) pheromones

d) sourness

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

111. Which of the following is NOT true concerning the sense of taste?

a) Taste receptors respond differentially to the varying shapes of food and liquid molecules.

b) A small number of taste receptors are found in the palate and the back of our mouths.

c) Even people without a tongue experience some taste sensations.

d) There are specific areas of the tongue dedicated to detecting bitter, sweet, salty, and other tastes.

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

112. The receptor cells for the nose are located in the _____.

a) olfactory axons

b) olfactory bulb

c) olfactory epithelium

d) gustatory papillae

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

113. Most information related to smell is processed in the _____.

a) nasal cavity

b) temporal lobe

c) olfactory bulb

d) parietal lobe

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

114. The taste that animals are hard-wired to avoid and improves chances of survival by avoiding toxicity is _____.

a) sour

b) salty

c) bitter

d) umami

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Analysis

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

115. “Picky” eating is related to _____.

a) the degree to which the sense of smell influences taste

b) a doctor’s evaluation of an individual’s diet

c) malformed nerve connections in the tongue and mouth

d) cultural messages about what is tasty or “yucky”

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Analysis

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

116. The three full body senses are _____.

a) pressure, temperature, and pain

b) skin, vestibular, and kinesthetic

c) skin, pressure, and movement

d) pain, kinesthetic, and balance

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

117. Which of the following is a major component of the skin senses?

a) kinesthetics

b) equilibrioception

c) olfaction

d) pressure

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

118. Pressure receptors are maximally concentrated on the _____.

a) face and fingers

b) back

c) legs

d) feet

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

119. Itching, tickling, and vibration sensations seem to be produced by light stimulation of _____ receptors.

a) both pressure and pain

b) both pain and temperature

c) both temperature and pressure

d) pressure, pain, and temperature

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

120. Your balance, or the ability to know your body orientation and position with respect to gravity and three-dimensional space, is provided by the _____ sense.

a) kinesthetic

b) vestibular

c) postural

d) spatial

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

121. The three arching structures located in the inner ear that respond to head movements and provide information regarding balance are called the _____.

a) semicircular canals

b) golden arches

c) kinesthetic tunnels

d) vestibular sacs

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

122. The vestibular sacs contain hair cells that are sensitive to _____.

a) position of the body

b) body movements relative to gravity

c) specific angles of the of the extremities

d) cutaneous receptors

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

123. Confusion within the vestibular sense can result in _____.

a) motion sickness

b) taste aversion

c) color blindness

d) middle-ear deafness

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

124. Candice is riding with her friends on the twisting and winding roads through the Alps. Candice is likely to experience motion sickness because _____.

a) random movements cause perceptual conflicts between her visual and vestibular systems

b) expected movements in the mountains cause perceptual conflicts between her auditory and kinesthetic systems

c) random movements cause her to yodel

d) expected movements cause her perception to be conflicted and her sense of sight and her vestibular systems are off.

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Analysis

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

125. Posture, orientation, and body movements are part of the _____.

a) kinesthetic sense

b) vestibular system

c) cerebellar sense

d) skin senses

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

126. Kinesthetic receptors are found _____.

a) in the occipital lobe

b) throughout the cerebral cortex

c) in muscles, tendons, and joints

d) deep within the skin

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

127. Carlotta is an Olympic diver. This suggests that she trained her _____ to recognize how various successful postures and movements should feel during her dives.

a) vestibular and kinesthetic senses

b) kinesthetic and body senses

c) body and vestibular senses

d) kinesthetic and skin senses

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

128. A false or misleading impression of the environment that is shared by others in the same context is called _____.

a) an illusion

b) a hallucination

c) a perceptual error

d) cognitive dissonance

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

129. A thirsty man in the desert looks to the horizon and sees an oasis, but when he arrives at the spot and finds no water he realizes that the oasis was _____.

a) a perceptual adaptation

b) an ESP

c) a result of bottom-up processing only

d) an illusion

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

130. When the brain is sorting out and attending only to the most important messages from the senses, it is engaged in the process of _____.

a) sensory adaptation

b) sensory habituation

c) selective attention

d) selective sorting

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

131. You didn’t even notice the loud crash outside the door when you were focused on taking your driver’s exam. This is an example of _____.

a) sensory adaptation

b) selective habituation

c) sensory detection

d) selective attention

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

132. Feature detectors are specialized cells in the brain that _____.

a) detect and alert the nervous system to painful stimuli

b) detect the difference between different kinds of touch

c) detect and respond only to certain sensory information

d) detect and respond only to certain features in the visual field

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

133. Humans have specialized cells for face recognition and frogs have specialized cells for bug detection. These cells are called _____.

a) species-specific cells

b) selectivity cells

c) functional receptors

d) feature detectors

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

134. Lee has difficulty recognizing faces of people he knows. He can’t even recognize his own face in the mirror. Lee has _____.

a) schizophrenia

b) Broca’s aphasia

c) prosopagnosia

d) synesthesia

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

135. The tendency of the brain to ignore or stop responding to environmental factors that remain constant is called _____.

a) adaptation

b) accommodation

c) habituation

d) dishabituation

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

136. Habituation occurs in the _____; sensory adaptation occurs in the _____.

a) sensory lobe; parietal lobe

b) brain; sensory receptors

c) conscious mind; unconscious mind

d) peripheral nervous system; central nervous system

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Analysis

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

137. Car alarms that change from a siren to a honking horn and back again are attempting to prevent _____.

a) your sanity

b) dishabituation

c) selective attention

d) habituation

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

138. You write a reminder post-it and stick it on the door where you see it every day. A month later, you forget your appointment because of the tendency to ignore constant stimuli, which is known as _____.

a) dishabituation

b) selective perception

c) habituation

d) selective attention

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

139. We organize and perceive sensory data in terms of _____.

a) form, color, and shape

b) figure shape, and depth

c) color, constancy, and shape

d) form, constancy, and depth

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

140. As a flock of Canadian geese flies overhead in its familiar “V” formation, the geese are seen as _____ and the sky as _____.

a) continuity; closure

b) a sensation; perception

c) figure; ground

d) ground; figure

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

141. This phenomenon allows Sally to recognize her mother when the light is dim, when she is far away, when she is lying down and when she is pictured in a black-and-white photo.

a) Habituation

b) Sensation

c) Perceptual constancy

d) X-ray vision

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

142. Children who sing the alphabet song and mistake the letters L, M, N, O, P for the word “elamenopee” are displaying what principle of perceptual form organization?

a) continuity

b) closure

c) proximity

d) similarity

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

143. _____ is the perceptual organization principle that says that an object that continues a pattern, even when interrupted by another object, will be perceived as a whole pattern or object.

a) Continuity

b) Similarity

c) Contiguity

d) Proximity

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

144. The perceptual organization principle that says people tend to perceive a complete unit even if it contains gaps is called ________.

a) closure

b) proximity

c) similarity

d) contiguity

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

145. Which perceptual principle of organization suggests that you are more likely to believe that a group of people who look alike will act alike?

a) Attractiveness

b) Proximity

c) Evaluation

d) Similarity

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

146. The Gestalt principle of contiguity has to do with _______.

a) time

b) volume

c) unification

d) closure

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

147. In a(n) _____, the discrepancy between figure and ground is too vague and you may have difficulty perceiving which is figure and which is ground.

a) illusion

b) reversible figure

c) optical illusion

d) hallucination

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

148. When we organize patterns in order to perceive an entire stimulus, rather than just its parts, we are using _____ principle of perception.

a) the unifying

b) Wundt’s

c) the Gestalt

d) the closure

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

149. According to the most fundamental Gestalt principle of organization, our perceptions consist of _____.

a) figure and ground

b) sensation and selection

c) contiguity and continuity

d) contour and detour

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

150. The tendency for the environment to be perceived as remaining the same even with changes in sensory input is called _____.

a) perceptual constancy

b) the constancy of expectation

c) an illusory correlation

d) Gestalt’s primary principle

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

151. _____ is your ability to accurately judge distance and perceive three-dimensional space.

a) Spatial perception

b) Visual-spatial perception

c) Depth perception

d) Spatial-depth perception

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

152. Eighteen-month-old Danielle thinks that her daddy is getting smaller and smaller as he walks away from her. This child has not yet developed the principle of _____.

a) size constancy

b) perceptual differences

c) optical illusions

d) retinal disparity

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

153. When you see a partially opened door, you know that the door is rectangular even though the image being detected by your retina is a trapezoid. This is an example of the perceptual principle called _____ constancy.

a) geometrical

b) optical

c) shape

d) form

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

154. Coming home at night, Edward sees a dark car parked in his neighbor’s driveway and knows it is red. However, he is uncertain about the color of the dark car parked in the street. Color constancy explains the difference in Edward’s perception of color based on _____.

a) the location of each car

b) Edward's familiarity with each car

c) where the streetlight is in relationship to each car

d) the actual color of each car

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Analysis

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

155. You are reading the newspaper in the student lounge when your best friend comes up behind you, casting a shadow over the paper. The principle of brightness constancy says that you will _____.

a) turn on a light so you can see better

b) realize that the newspaper’s brightness did not really change

c) report this supernatural phenomenon to the authorities as quickly as possible

d) not even notice your friend

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

156. When you pass a car while driving, you are relying on your _____ to tell you how far away the car is, and when you are getting near enough to pass safely.

a) visual accommodation

b) depth perception

c) spatial interception

d) alignment perspective

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

157. The visual cliff is an apparatus designed to study _____ in young children and animals.

a) color discrimination

b) shape constancy

c) depth perception

d) monocular vision

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

158. Research with the “visual cliff” suggests that some depth perception is inborn because _____.

a) babies in all species learn depth perception through experience

b) human and animal babies hesitate or refuse to move at the edge of the “cliff”

c) 2-month-old babies show no reaction when placed on the edge of the “cliff” but 6-month-old babies do

d) babies in all species are born with fully functioning monocular vision

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Analysis

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

159. A binocular cue is one that requires _____ to perceive depth or distance.

a) binoculars

b) farsightedness

c) two eyes

d) one eye

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

160. If you can perceive depth or distance with only one eye, this means you are _____.

a) using a monocular cue

b) using a binocular cue

c) using convergence

d) experiencing presbyopia

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

161. The final stage of perception is called_______.

a) synthesis

b) interpretation

c) communication

d) sensation

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

162. George Stratton’s experiment using special goggles that distort the world is considered a classic today because it demonstrated _____.

a) the role of perceptual adaptation

b) innate factors in human perception

c) role of perceptual set

d) the ability of the retina to invert images

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Evaluation

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

163. _____ refers to a binocular cue that comes from the separation of the eyes, which causes different images to fall on the back of each eye.

a) Stereoscopic vision

b) Convergence

c) Retinal disparity

d) Binocular disparity

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

164. Since Jolly Roger, the pirate, lost one eye in a fight, he can no longer use _____ as a cue for the perception of depth and distance.

a) accommodation

b) retinal disparity

c) motion parallax

d) aerial perspective

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

165. Which of the following is a monocular cue?

a) Convergence

b) Linear perspective

c) Retinal disparity

d) Protanopia

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

166. When you see two lanes of the highway coming together at the horizon and make a judgment about how far away the horizon is, you are using _____.

a) the aerial perspective

b) the distance perspective

c) the linear perspective

d) motion parallax

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

167. Interposition is the monocular cue that is based on _____.

a) the distinctiveness or blurriness of objects at different distances

b) the appearance of convergence at the horizon

c) the obscuring of a distant object by an object that is closer

d) the smallness of a distant object compared to closer objects

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

168. George is looking out his airplane window as he flies over Raleigh, and notices that the cars down below are getting larger by the second. This information tells him the plane is about to land, and is based on the _____ cue for depth perception.

a) motion parallax

b) relative size

c) linear perspective

d) aerial perspective

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

169. While traveling through Kansas by train, you notice that you can see individual stalks and details of the wheat near the train tracks, but in the distance, the wheat stalks blend together into a smooth blanket of yellow. This is an example of the _____ cue for depth perception.

a) interposition

b) aerial perspective

c) linear perspective

d) texture gradient

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

170. Distant objects appear less distinct than closer objects because of dust or haze in the air. This is called the _____.

a) smog effect

b) texture gradient

c) aerial perspective

d) blurred-image effect

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

171. Elnora is exploring her native Greek islands. She notices a dark object on the horizon and realizes that it must be a very distant ship. Her depth perception was assisted by the monocular cues for relative size and _____.

a) aerial perspective

b) aquatic perspective

c) accommodation

d) light and shadow

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

172. Your companion on a train ride through Illinois notices that telephone poles near the tracks appear to be passing by very quickly, while telephone poles in the distance are passing by much more slowly. This is an example of _____.

a) motion parallax

b) accommodation

c) speed perception

d) speed constancy

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

173. _____ is the readiness to perceive in a particular manner, based on expectations.

a) Perceptual affinity

b) Perceptual set

c) Expectancy theory

d) Reference framing

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

174. Jake told Mary that he would call her before lunch. At 11:30 a.m. the phone rang and she responded to the male voice by saying “Hi, honey.” It turned out to be her boss calling rather than her husband. Mary’s error in identifying the voice illustrates the effect of _____.

a) personal motivation

b) extrasensory perception

c) perceptual set

d) subliminal perception

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

175. Naomi and Karl have been corresponding over the Internet. Karl wants her to attach a photograph of herself to her next message. Naomi wants Karl to find her attractive. Which of the following factors explains why she should send him a picture of herself alone, rather than one that includes her truly gorgeous roommate standing next to her?

a) personal motivation

b) expectation

c) frame of reference

d) context dependence

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

176. Extrasensory perception is defined in your text as _____.

a) psychic abilities that allegedly go beyond the known senses

b) the sixth sense

c) perceptual abilities that enhance the known senses

d) psychic detection of sensory information not perceived by most individuals

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

177. Which of the following is a criticism of research on extrasensory perception?

a) Experiments have been overly controlled

b) Control groups aren’t utilized correctly

c) The same person will show psychic abilities in some unregulated situations, but not in others

d) Different researchers find conflicting evidence

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Evaluation

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

Short Answer/Fill-In

178. The auditory cortex is located in the ________ lobe of the cerebral cortex.

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

179. Exposure to previously stored information that predisposes us to respond in a specific way to related stimuli is called ________.

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

180. How does the trichromatic theory of color vision explain the fact that we can see colors other than red, green, and blue?

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

181. Identify the three ossicles, in order, from the outermost to the innermost bone.

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

182. List the five different taste sensations, and note which one was discovered most recently.

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

183. What are semicircular canals? Which sensory system are they related to?

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

184. Briefly define the term perceptual set.

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

185. What is the biggest problem the research into the existence of extrasensory perception?

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Evaluation

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

Essay Questions

186. Describe the difference between sensation and perception, using fireworks on the Fourth of July as an example. Include the sensory stimuli involved, as well as bottom-up and top-down processing.

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

187. Explain how transduction, coding, and sensory reduction turn raw sensory data into signals the brain can understand.

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

188. What is psychophysics? Differentiate between absolute and difference thresholds and give an example of each.

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

189. Why is sensory adaptation helpful for us? Give examples.

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Evaluation

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

190. Uh, oh! While performing a Triple Lutz during ice-skating practice, you fell very hard and sprained your ankle. Explain how the gate-control theory is related to pain, and how you might use this theory to minimize the amount of pain you are feeling.

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Easy

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

191. Charlie has been in his relationship for a year Recently he met someone new and he is contemplating breaking up with his girlfriend and dating this new woman instead. Explain the situation using the principles of habituation and selective attention.

Section Ref: Understanding Sensation

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.1

Objective Text: Review the key features and processes of sensation

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

192. Diagram the eye, and explain how each structure contributes to the visual process. (Note: Artistic ability will not be graded.)

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

193. Describe how both the trichromatic and opponent-process theories are needed to explain how humans perceive color.

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Analysis

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

194. Diagram the ear, including the major structures involved in audition and their respective functions. (Note: Artistic ability will not be graded.)

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

195. Describe wavelength, amplitude, and frequency in relationship to vision and hearing.

Section Ref: How We See and Hear

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.2

Objective Text: Summarize the key components and processes of vision and audition

Bloom’s Level: Comprehension

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

196. Briefly describe and explain the processes and function of olfaction and gustation.

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Knowledge

APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology

197. Describe the importance of the three body senses in relationship to achieving excellent performance in a gymnastics competition.

Section Ref: Our Other Important Senses

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.3

Objective Text: Review the processes involved in smell, taste, and the body senses

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

198. Pretend you are a tutor in psychology. Define each of the Gestalt principles of organization to your pupil, and provide an example of each one that exists in this classroom.

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

199. Describe how perceptual adaptation, perceptual set, individual motivation, and frame of reference influence your perceptual interpretations, and provide original examples of each.

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Medium

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

200. Imagine that your best friend still believes in extrasensory perception, despite research evidence that refutes its existence. Briefly describe of the types of faulty reasoning that often accompany such belief systems. Provide an example of each type of reasoning from your friend’s life.

Section Ref: Understanding Perception

Difficulty: Hard

Objective: 4.4

Objective Text: Summarize the three processes involved in perception

Bloom’s Level: Application

APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking

Document Information

Document Type:
DOCX
Chapter Number:
4
Created Date:
Aug 21, 2025
Chapter Name:
Chapter 4 Sensation And Perception
Author:
Karen Huffman

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