Female Sexual Anatomy, + Test Questions & Answers Ch.3

Human Sexuality, 10e (Yarber)

Chapter 3 Female Sexual Anatomy, Physiology, and Response

1) In order for an embryo to develop male genitals, the embryo must

A) receive hormonal and genetic signals.

B) have a slightly longer gestation period.

C) have a shorter gestation period.

D) first produce sperm.

2) In most mammalian female species, she

A) controls the physical growth of the young.

B) nourishes an offspring in the uterus.

C) selects the sex of an unborn offspring.

D) provides all the genetic instructions for an offspring.

3) Which of the following is true of female anatomy?

A) The function of the G-spot is to produce ova.

B) The role of mons pubis is to release oxytocin during an orgasm.

C) The function of the clitoris is sexual arousal.

D) The role of luteinizing hormone is to produce milk.

4) The function of female sex organs are to

A) regulate body temperature.

B) maintain homeostasis in the body.

C) serve a reproductive function.

D) produce luteinizing hormone that controls ovum production.

5) The pad of fatty tissue that covers the area of the pubic bone is called the ________.

A) mons veneris

B) labial junction

C) labia majora

D) clitoral hood

6) The ________ is the part of the vulva covered with pubic hair.

A) glans clitoris

B) mons veneris

C) labia minora

D) corpora cavernosa

7) The ________ can be found within the vestibule.

A) Bartholin's glands

B) areola

C) fallopian tubes

D) ova

8) The center of sexual arousal in females is the

A) vagina.

B) clitoris.

C) mons veneris.

D) labia minora.

9) The sole function of the clitoris is

A) sexual arousal.

B) secretion of lubricants.

C) urination.

D) reproduction.

10) An important difference between the clitoris and the penis is that the clitoris

A) has no sensitivity to stimulation.

B) has no function other than sexual pleasure.

C) has no cover that is equivalent to the foreskin of the penis.

D) has relatively few nerve endings compared with the penis.

11) The two hollow chambers of the clitoris, and also found in the penis, that fill with blood and swell during arousal are called the

A) corpus spongiosum.

B) mons pubis.

C) corpora cavernosa.

D) labia minora.

12) The internal shaft of the clitoris is divided into two branches called ________.

A) the labia

B) the cochleae

C) crura

D) cilia

13) The labia majora encloses the

A) labia minora and the mons pubis.

B) clitoris, urethral opening, labia minora, and vaginal entrance.

C) vestibule and the mons veneris.

D) Bartholin's glands, the hymen, the Gräfenberg spot, and the urethral meatus.

14) The folds of the labia minora meet to form the very sensitive

A) urethral meatus.

B) mons veneris.

C) clitoral hood.

D) labia majora.

15) During sexual arousal, a small amount of moisture is secreted at the vaginal opening by the ________ glands.

A) Bartholin's

B) Cowper's

C) pubic sweat

D) Bentham's

16) One of the biological purposes of vaginal lubrication caused by sexual excitement is to

A) maximize exposure to infection.

B) create a more hospitable environment for sperm.

C) reduce the likelihood of pregnancy.

D) create a more acidic environment for sperm.

17) The introitus refers to

A) the connection between the vagina and the cervix.

B) the vaginal opening, which is most sensitive to erotic pressure and touch.

C) the secretions of the Bartholin's glands.

D) the inner two-thirds of the vagina that virtually has no nerve endings.

18) Vaginal lubrication comes from

A) the cervix.

B) vestibular sweating.

C) the fimbriae of the fallopian tubes.

D) the blood vessels in the vaginal wall.

19) "Revirgination" is a procedure that

A) tightens a woman's vagina.

B) makes the labia majora smaller.

C) repairs the hymen.

D) dilates the cervix.

20) Meriem, a young girl, is soon going to be married into a religious family that gives high importance to a woman's purity and virginity. However, during her adolescence, she has had sex with her boyfriend. She decides to undergo a procedure that will repair her vagina and create an illusion of virginity. This procedure is called

A) hysterectomy

B) hymenoplasty

C) vaginectomy

D) hymenotomy

21) Which of the following is true about the hymen in a woman's sexual anatomy?

A) If a woman's hymen is no longer intact, then she is not a virgin.

B) The reason women with intact hymens cannot use a tampon is that there is no opening in the hymen.

C) The only true test of virginity can be performed by looking at a woman's cervix.

D) The hymen can rupture by something that does not involve sexual behavior.

22) The cheesy white matter that may be found under the hood of the clitoris in women is called

A) smegma.

B) semen.

C) Cowper's secretion.

D) the urethral meatus.

23) The area known as the Gräfenberg spot is reportedly located

A) in the posterior region of the labia majora.

B) on the cervix.

C) midway between the pubic bone and the cervix on the front wall of the vagina.

D) around the corpora cavernosa.

24) Vaginal secretions

A) remain consistent in color, quantity, and consistency during a woman's menstrual cycle.

B) increase the acidity of the vagina.

C) serve as nourishment for sperm.

D) originate from the mucous membranes lining the vaginal walls.

25) Dolores reached menarche last year. Recently, she has become alarmed because she has noticed clear, slippery, stretchy secretions coming from her vagina. These secretions are called

A) ovulation

B) vaginismus

C) revirgination

D) menopause

26) The tapered end of the uterus that opens into the vagina is known as the

A) clitoris.

B) endometrium.

C) cervix.

D) infundibulum.

27) The inner lining of the uterine walls that is filled with tiny blood vessels is the

A) chondrocranium.

B) exometrium.

C) endometrium.

D) myocardium.

28) Which of the following is true about oocytes?

A) Once they leave the ovary, oocytes remain viable for 72 hours.

B) Women begin producing oocytes in puberty and continue until menopause.

C) At birth, a female's ovaries contain about half a million oocytes.

D) Unlike sperm, a woman's oocytes do not degenerate, especially during childhood.

29) In the event of pregnancy, the pre-embryo is embedded in the nourishing

A) introitus.

B) endometrium.

C) epididymis.

D) hymen.

30) Ovulation is the

A) sloughing off of the endometrium in the uterus.

B) release of oocyte upon the rupturing of a Graafian follicle.

C) production of milk by alveoli after childbirth.

D) change of the vaginal environment by cervical secretions.

31) Fertilization normally takes place in the

A) clitoris.

B) crus.

C) fallopian tube.

D) vagina.

32) The egg is viable for about ________ hours.

A) 8

B) 24

C) 48

D) 72

33) An oocyte gets into the Fallopian tubes by

A) ciliary action of the fimbriae into the infundibulum.

B) corpus luteum disintegration.

C) oviduct contraction around the ruptured follicle.

D) ciliary action of the perineum movement.

34) An area of soft tissue between the anus and the vagina is known as the ________.

A) peritoneum

B) perineum

C) areola

D) alveoli

35) Female breasts develop at puberty because of

A) hormonal stimulation.

B) muscular development.

C) psychological reorientation.

D) sexual responsiveness.

36) The darkened area around the nipple is called the

A) auricle.

B) atrium.

C) alveoli.

D) areola.

37) Mothers nourish their infants with milk produced in lobes within the breasts called

A) alveoli.

B) areolas.

C) cilia.

D) ampullae.

38) The two components of the female reproductive cycle are called the

A) ovarian cycle and hormone cycle.

B) ovarian cycle and uterine cycle.

C) menstrual cycle and uterine cycle.

D) menstrual cycle and hormone cycle.

39) Hormones that act directly on the gonads are called

A) pheromones.

B) allomones.

C) gonadotropins.

D) lipotropins.

40) Which of the following is true of the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle?

A) The cervical mucus thickens and starts forming a plug to seal off the uterus.

B) The corpus luteum begins to degenerate as hormone levels decline.

C) Glands within the uterus enlarge and begin secreting glycogen.

D) The endometrium thickens in response to increased estrogen.

41) During puberty in females, hormones trigger the completion of the process of ________ that results in the production of ova.

A) tenting

B) cytokinesis

C) oogenesis

D) osmosis

42) Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) may occur during menstruation and is due to

A) a sharp, shocking pain that affects a nerve in the lower abdomen.

B) the occurrence of heavy bleeding.

C) bacterial infection that causes women to go into shock during menstruation.

D) a ruptured follicle leads to serious menstrual cramps.

43) The menstrual phase is characterized by the shedding of

A) nerve tissue.

B) epithelial tissue.

C) endometrial tissue.

D) connective tissue.

44) A girl's first menstruation is known as ________.

A) menarche

B) menstrual synchrony

C) menopause

D) dysmenorrhea

45) Anya developed a severe bacterial infection during her menstrual period and became very sick. Her doctor stated it could be from tampon use. Anya most likely has

A) endometriosis.

B) toxic shock syndrome.

C) amenorrhea.

D) perimenopausal syndrome.

46) A group of physical and psychological symptoms that may occur 7–14 days before a woman's menstrual period is known as ________.

A) toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

B) menarche

C) premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

D) amenorrhea

47) When women do not menstruate for reasons other than aging, the condition is called

A) dysmenorrhea.

B) menarche.

C) menorrhagia.

D) amenorrhea.

48) Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding is called

A) dysmenorrhea.

B) amenorrhea.

C) menarche.

D) menorrhagia.

49) Rebecca has had an alarmingly heavy flow of blood without much pain during her menstrual cycle. She has soaked through a sanitary pad in less than an hour. Which of the following would be the most likely diagnosis in this case?

A) menorrhagia

B) dyspareunia

C) amenorrhea

D) dysmenorrhea

50) The term ________ refers to women who live or work together and report similarly timed menstrual cycles.

A) premenstrual dysphoric disorder

B) menstrual synchrony

C) amenorrhea

D) menorrhagia

51) Julia and Rachel, two college students, are roommates. They notice that their menstrual cycles take place around the same week of the month. In this scenario, Julia and Rachel are experiencing ________.

A) menorrhagia

B) premenstrual syndrome

C) menopause

D) menstrual synchrony

52) Which of the following is true about premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?

A) It is at its peak at the age of 35 and at menopause in women.

B) It can have physical, emotional, and psychological symptoms.

C) It is a syndrome commonly seen among middle-class African-American women.

D) It is not seen as commonly as premenstrual dysphoric disorder in women.

53) Erin, a middle-aged woman, often gets depressed, angry, and irritated about 7–14 days before her menstrual cycle. She gets headaches and feels tired during this period. Which of the following menstrual problems is Erin most likely experiencing in this scenario?

A) dysmenorrhea

B) premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

C) amenorrhea

D) toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

54) Maya suddenly starts bleeding profusely during one of her menstrual cycles, and she has to change her sanitary pad every hour. She is unable to continue her regular lifestyle because of heavy menstrual bleeding. Which of the following menstrual problems is Maya most likely experiencing in this scenario?

A) amenorrhea

B) premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

C) menorrhagia

D) toxic shock syndrome (TSS)

55) Serious pain sufficient to limit a woman's activities before or during the woman's menstrual cycle is called

A) menorrhagia.

B) dyspareunia.

C) amenorrhea.

D) dysmenorrhea.

56) As her menstrual flow begins, Annika feels weak, nauseated, and has severe pain in the pelvic region, because of which she is unable to go to school. These symptoms occur at no other time. A likely diagnosis of Annika's condition is

A) primary dysmenorrhea.

B) amenorrhea.

C) premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

D) eclampsia.

57) Primary dysmenorrhea is caused by high levels of

A) prostaglandins.

B) pheromones.

C) testosterone.

D) oocytes.

58) Maria has never menstruated and is currently 18 years old. Her condition is known as

A) menorrhagia.

B) primary dyspareunia.

C) primary amenorrhea.

D) dysmenorrhea.

59) An easily available prostaglandin inhibitor is

A) ibuprofen.

B) acetaminophen.

C) plain yogurt.

D) caffeine.

60) When one of her children had an extended illness, Maureen stopped menstruating. She had no other symptoms. A likely diagnosis would be

A) secondary dysmenorrhea.

B) primary endometrial cancer.

C) premenstrual syndrome.

D) secondary amenorrhea.

61) Which of the following is a recommendation for dealing with premenstrual changes?

A) consuming a diet rich in unsaturated fat

B) increasing the intake of tobacco

C) exercising for at least 30–40 minutes a day

D) avoiding any form of orgasmic experience

62) Which of the following statements is true of Loulan's sexual response model?

A) It consists of desire, excitement, and orgasm phases.

B) It provides a theoretical perspective of sexual response that is based on brain function.

C) It incorporates both biological and affective components into a six-stage cycle.

D) It is the most widely cited model that is used to describe the phases of the sexual response cycle.

63) Masters and Johnson’s model of sexual response

A) collapses the excitement and plateau phases into one and eliminates the resolution phase.

B) acknowledges the role of the affective parts of the human sexual response.

C) identifies the significant stages of response as excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

D) focuses on the interaction between sexual excitation and sexual inhibition.

64) Henry, a medical student studying the nature of sexual excitement prevalent in White American men and women, observes that 40% of White men and women tend to get worked up for career-related reasons and therefore have high propensity for inhibitions about sex. Which of the following models of sexual response is most likely to have been adopted by Henry for his study?

A) Masters and Johnson's four-phase model

B) the dual control model

C) Kaplan's tri-phasic model

D) Whipple and McGreer's circular model

65) According to Lisa Diamond (2008), professor of psychology and gender studies, which of the following statements is true about desire and arousal?

A) The experiences that men and women find desirable are limited.

B) Both women's and men's desires always imply physical intimacy.

C) Factors that elicit and suppress desire are unaccounted for when variation among individuals is studied.

D) Often for women, genital, physical arousal precedes the psychological experience of desire.

66) According to the dual control model of sexual response, which of the following statements is true?

A) Individuals who have a high propensity for sexual excitation are more likely to experience difficulties related to sexual response.

B) The inhibitory mechanism plays minimal role in "normal" sexuality, individual variability, and problematic sexuality.

C) Individuals who have a high propensity for sexual inhibition are highly likely to engage in problematic sexuality.

D) Sexual response is based on brain function and the interaction between sexual excitation and sexual inhibition.

67) Anatomically speaking, the part of the body that appears to be involved most in sexual behaviors is the

A) vagus nerve network.

B) endocrine system.

C) myotonic cavity.

D) limbic system.

68) Sheila experiences arousal when she is stroked behind her knees. For her, this highly sensitive area is a(n)

A) trigger spot.

B) G-spot.

C) low-threshold sensual zone.

D) erogenous zone.

69) Martha, a 50-year-old mother of two, experiences fatigue and reduction in bone density. Her relationship with her husband develops a rift because of her reduced interest in sex. Which of the following hormones is Martha most likely lacking in?

A) orexin

B) melatonin

C) ibuprofen

D) testosterone

70) Which of the following is true about the effect of hormones on libido?

A) Testosterone plays a powerful role in the libido of men but not women.

B) Progesterone is the most influential hormone for both men and women.

C) Women produce testosterone in their ovaries, which increases their libido.

D) Research has recently found that testosterone is not the primary hormone involved in human libido.

71) During sexual excitement, the clitoris becomes swollen. This response is due to

A) a full bladder pressing on the clitoris.

B) the hormonal cycle.

C) increased muscle tension.

D) genital vasocongestion.

72) Increased muscle tension that accompanies the approach of orgasm is called

A) vasocongestion.

B) myotonia.

C) transudation.

D) tenting.

73) The first physiological sign of sexual excitement in women is

A) the contraction of the labia majora.

B) the arching of the back.

C) sweating in the vaginal wall.

D) the hardening of the nipple.

74) As Cathy is approaching orgasm, she notices what appears to be a rash on her chest. This is most likely to be a

A) sex flush.

B) prostaglandin surge.

C) myotonic rash.

D) postural hypotension rash.

75) Emily and Nathan, two college students, are romantic partners. During sexual intercourse, Nathan notices that certain areas of Emily's body are covered with red rashes. These rashes gradually disappear after the act and do not leave any mark on her bodies. In this scenario, Emily has most likely experienced a ________.

A) sex flush

B) postcoital dysphoria

C) climatic synchrony

D) myotonic rash

76) The thickening of the vaginal walls, which occurs in the plateau stage of the sexual response cycle, is known as the

A) vaginal shelf.

B) sex flush.

C) orgasmic platform.

D) orgasmic trigger.

77) Hannah indulges in an act of sexual intercourse. Close to orgasm she observes flushing of her facial skin as a result of excitement. Which of the following other changes is most likely to occur in her body in this case?

A) the shrinking of the areolae

B) the retraction of the clitoris

C) the lightening of the skin

D) the thinning of the vaginal walls

78) In the context of the female sexual response, just before orgasm

A) the clitoris becomes very erect, swollen, and protrudes noticeably.

B) the vaginal opening shrinks and the orgasmic platform is formed.

C) the breasts swell, while the nipples and the areolae shrink.

D) the sex skin and sex flush disappear.

79) Before hormones begin their action, all developing embryos appear male.

80) The term vagina refers to the external female genitalia.

81) The terms vagina and vulva are synonymous.

82) The clitoris contains a high concentration of sensory nerves, many times more than the penis, and is very sensitive to stimulation.

83) Because there is a rich supply of nerve endings in the mons pubis, caressing it can produce pleasure in most women.

84) Most nerve endings in the vagina are found in the introitus.

85) The area enclosed by the labia majora is the vestibule.

86) A woman without a hymen is not a virgin.

87) In some cultures, blood on the sheets of a newly married couple is considered proof of the virginity of the bride.

88) Regarding the G-spot, no specific gland or site has been found in all women.

89) The ovaries produce gametes, estrogen, and progesterone.

90) Oocytes are commonly referred to as ova.

91) The fallopian tubes are directly attached to the ovaries.

92) In reality, large breasts have more sexual responsiveness than do small breasts.

93) The two hormones responsible for the regulation of the ovarian cycle are estrogen and oxytocin.

94) The luteal phase is the most variable phase of the ovarian cycle.

95) The combined effect of hormonal imbalances and uterine fibroids accounts for 80% of all cases of menorrhagia.

96) The precise causes for premenstrual syndrome (PMS) are unclear, although the phenomena seem to be linked to alterations in ovarian hormones and brain chemicals, or neurotransmitters.

97) Severe pain during menstruation is known as menorrhea.

98) The libido in both men and women is biologically influenced by the hormone oxytocin.

99) The arousal process of myotonia refers to the engorgement of body tissues with blood.

100) For women, the first sign of sexual arousal is usually breathlessness.

101) What are the two main functions of the ovaries?

102) How do breasts acquire their erotic potential?

103) Briefly describe the distinctive purposes of the menstrual cycle and the ovarian cycle.

104) A young rape victim is about to go through a procedure called hymenoplasty. Why would she undergo this?

105) Describe two things women can do to relieve common premenstrual discomfort.

106) List and describe the two main physiological processes involved in sexual arousal.

107) List and describe the structures that make up the vulva.

108) Trace the development and the movement of an oocyte from its beginning in the ovarian follicles to its likely place of fertilization.

109) List and briefly describe three major problems related to menstruation.

110) Describe the physiological changes that a woman's body will undergo up to the point of orgasm.