Test Bank Answers Perspectives On Human Sexuality Chapter 1

Human Sexuality, 10e (Yarber)

Chapter 1 Perspectives on Human Sexuality

1) Which of the following best describes the attitude of the current culture toward sexuality?

A) repressive

B) hidden

C) hostile

D) open

2) Martin's family was surprised about his choice of subject for his undergraduate studies. They were unable to convince him to select a course that kept away from a vast array of taboos, fears, prejudices, and hypocrisy. However, Martin did not regret his decision and found himself exploring topics whose discussions were prohibited by his family and religion. In this scenario, Martin has most likely decided to pursue the study of ________.

A) human behavior

B) human beauty

C) human sexuality

D) human mind

3) Which of the following media content is least likely to be aired on national television?

A) an advertisement for a website selling clothes for women

B) a film that comprises explicit shots of older couples indulging in sexual acts

C) an article about the number of deaths due to Ebola

D) a reality show that humiliates people based on their physical characteristics

4) Identify a true statement about media presentations of sexuality.

A) Interracial dating is a frequent feature in media depictions.

B) Mass media censor sexually objectifying portrayals of women.

C) Mainstream media do not present "real" depictions of sexuality.

D) Media portrayals of sexuality are meant to educate the audience rather than entertain them.

5) Which of the following is true of sexuality in video games?

A) Female characters are portrayed as violent figures whose primary purpose is to destroy.

B) Male characters mouth sexy dialogues more often than female characters.

C) The sexualization and stereotyping of female characters has declined since 2006.

D) Video games that promote violent attitude toward women are banned in the United States.

6) Most television programs that Natalie sees focus on muscular men trying to woo slim women in scanty clothing to sleep with them. Ronald has a collection of men's magazines that focus mainly on sex. Janice reads romance novels that emphasize the importance of physical appearance for girls. Therefore, it can be inferred that today's media content about sexuality reflects

A) the realities of today's social world.

B) stereotypical gender roles.

C) relatively equal gender roles.

D) diversity in relationships.

7) The content of American television is regulated by

A) the U.S. Congress.

B) a single ratings board for individual shows.

C) local governments.

D) an informal consensus.

8) Which of the following statements is true of sexual content in magazines?

A) Only male-oriented magazines focus on sex.

B) Magazines targeted toward preadolescents and young teens avoid articles with sexual themes.

C) Many if not most men's magazines promote men as sexual aggressors.

D) Sexual content in magazines is regulated by a ratings board.

9) What is the problem with depending on the media as a source for sexual attitudes and information?

A) Because of their entertainment orientation, there are few realistic depictions of sexuality.

B) They provide such an overload of moral and socially responsible information that most people "tune out."

C) Because of consumer demographics, media are aimed at a relatively uneducated and unsophisticated audience.

D) Media overemphasize the emotional context of sexual relationships.

10) The objective of mass-media depictions of sexuality is to

A) further liberal causes and ideas.

B) educate the public concerning the dangers of sexuality.

C) entertain and exploit.

D) establish new norms for sexual behaviors and attitudes.

11) Which of the following TV show formats is likely to fulfill the objectives of mass-media depictions of sexuality?

A) a reality show based on the idea of selecting the most beautiful woman and man in a country

B) a show that educates the masses about the most important people involved in the World Wars

C) an animated cartoon that teaches children about good habits and manners

D) a show for women empowerment

12) Which of the following statements most accurately describes the relationship between popular media and sexuality?

A) Mainstream media often portray sexual activities explicitly.

B) The media only target males for images depicting sexuality.

C) Media images of sexuality permeate a variety of areas in people's lives.

D) The media use sexuality to discourage sexual activity.

13) Which of the following scenarios exemplifies the statement, "The media images of women and men reflect and reproduce a set of stereotypical and unequal but changing gender roles"?

A) A plump 16-year-old Gina watches reality shows to boost her self-confidence and feel good about herself.

B) Inspired by a TV soap, Sean exercises vigorously to become muscular so that all the girls in his class will want to sleep with him.

C) Xavier learns from a TV program that one should not discriminate against homosexuals, yet he continues to do so.

D) Sex-related programs educate people about the dire consequences of indulging in sexual activities.

14) Everyday exposure to sexual content in mainstream media leads to

A) increased levels of body dissatisfaction.

B) a positive view of women’s competence, morality, and humanity.

C) intolerance of sexual violence against women.

D) withdrawal from sexist beliefs.

15) During the mid-1970s, Lily fought for the rights of women in the United States. She challenged stereotypes associated with women's roles and also demanded that abortion be made legal in the United States. Lily was part of ________.

A) the gender revolution

B) the sexual revolution

C) the American revolution

D) the Victorian revolution

16) According to the declaration of sexual rights, forced sterilization is illegal as it violates

A) the right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its application.

B) the right to participation in public and political life.

C) the right to the highest attainable standard of health, including sexual health, with the possibility of pleasurable, satisfying, and safe sexual experiences.

D) the right to be free from torture and cruel, inhumane, or degrading treatment or punishment.

17) Luke is addicted to video games. He downloads treasure quests games, car racing games, and war games that involve violence. Most of these games also portray sexual images. Which of the following images is Luke most likely to view in such games?

A) unrealistically shaped and submissive women

B) powerful and dominant women

C) men in very little clothing

D) romance between the male and female characters

18) Jake is a teenager who spends most of his time watching music videos online. When he isn't using the computer, he is either glued to the television or using his smartphone. Which of the following is the most likely consequence of his media addiction?

A) He will fall into a routine life that will keep him physically and mentally fit.

B) He will score top marks in all his class examinations.

C) He will develop unhealthy eating habits, leading to obesity.

D) He will develop a multiple personality psychological disorder.

19) Which of the following is a suggestion made by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) with regard to viewing television and music videos?

A) Children must avoid viewing news broadcast as it contains political propaganda.

B) Parents must teach young people to balance media use with other healthy behaviors.

C) Schools must discourage children from viewing music videos.

D) Parents must ensure that children below the age of 5 are exposed to cartoons.

20) Gay men are generally portrayed in Hollywood films

A) in a realistic and sensitive manner.

B) as super-masculine.

C) as being happy and satisfied with their lives.

D) in stereotypes, as effeminate or closeted.

21) Lesbian women are generally stereotyped in Hollywood films

A) as unreliable.

B) as creative and imaginative.

C) as flighty or arty.

D) as super-feminine or super-masculine.

22) Gay men, lesbian women, and bisexual and transgender individuals are

A) seldom defined in terms of their sexual orientation in films.

B) slowly being integrated into mainstream films and television.

C) not subjected to stereotypes.

D) prohibited from appearing in television programs.

23) Which of the following is true of mainstream films and television that portray gay characters?

A) They frequently show adults, particularly two males, kissing on screen as their heterosexual counterparts would.

B) They stereotype gay men as being effeminate or flighty.

C) They avoid exposing the vulnerability of gay students being bullied in schools.

D) They refrain from showing the identity issues of queers.

24) Identify a recreational activity that has altered communication means and interpersonal relationships between individuals.

A) sleeping

B) web surfing

C) relaxing at a spa

D) wave surfing

25) Shyla and Chris were paired through an online dating website that decided compatibility based on a questionnaire. They have been together for almost 3 years now. Jules does not wish to be in a relationship; instead, she prefers to meet new individuals for sex through online dating sites. These two scenarios suggest that the Internet has ________.

A) an adverse effect on human relationships

B) set a standard for intimate relationships

C) shaped sexual culture

D) set an informal consensus about sex

26) Which governmental regulation of sexual material on the Internet was declared a violation of freedom of speech?

A) The Defense of Marriage Act

B) The Communications Decency Act

C) The Comstock Act

D) The Limited Free Speech Amendment

27) In the Hindu tradition, sexuality is viewed as

A) a force that is basically evil but necessary to create the next generation.

B) the cause of chaos and upheaval in the world.

C) a means of spiritual enlightenment.

D) the tool used by the devil to entice people to commit sins.

28) Gary takes seminude pictures of himself and sends them to Fiona, his neighbor. Fiona responds to Gary's messages by sending him a picture of herself in a bikini and a sexually suggestive text. In this scenario, both Gary and Fiona are indulging in

A) dating.

B) sexting.

C) e-flirting.

D) tagging.

29) In which of the following cultures is sex considered relatively unimportant?

A) the Mangaia

B) the Dani

C) the Sambia

D) the Victorians

30) Information about patterns of sexual behavior among the Mangaia and the Dani helps us see that

A) culture is a primary determinant in how sexual interests and attractions are expressed.

B) members of many societies are taught abnormal and unnatural ways to express their sexual impulses.

C) civilization and industrialization lead to a more natural pattern of sexual expression.

D) there are biological basics for the greater sexual interest and activity among males.

31) Kayla descends from the Mangaia of Polynesia. In her culture, it is very important that a woman is sexually satisfied by her partner. Which of the following is a likely consequence if this does not happen?

A) The woman learns to be content with her partner's skills.

B) The woman leaves her partner and ruins his reputation.

C) The woman has an extramarital affair.

D) The woman helps her partner improve his lovemaking skills.

32) In which culture is a young adolescent given instructions about how to please a girl and bring her to orgasm?

A) the Mangaia

B) the Dani

C) the ancient Greeks

D) the Victorians

33) Who among the following believes that women have no sexual desire, only reproductive desire, but men have insatiable sexual appetites?

A) Victorian Americans

B) the Dani from New Guinea

C) African Asians

D) the Mangaia of Polynesia

34) In which culture do mothers and fathers go through 5 years of sexual abstinence after the birth of a child?

A) the Mangaia

B) the Dani

C) the Zulu

D) the Sambians

35) The nineteenth-century Victorian Americans believed that

A) men had only reproductive desires.

B) male sexuality was dangerous, uncontrolled, and animal-like.

C) a man's duty was to tame a woman's sexual impulses.

D) men had to teach their wives to enjoy sexual relations.

36) It is 1870, and Hephzibah Jones loves her husband dearly. Sometimes when she looks at him or when he touches her, she feels strong sexual desires. According to White middle-class Americans of the nineteenth century, Hephzibah is most likely to

A) feel only reproductive desire.

B) put her desires into action with her husband.

C) masturbate to relieve her tension.

D) pray for forgiveness.

37) Which of the following is true of Victorian American's view of sexuality?

A) They considered sex as an unimportant aspect of life.

B) They considered same-sex relationships between men as the highest form of love.

C) They believed that men experienced decline in their sexual desire during adolescence.

D) They believed that women were sexually passive.

38) Women's rights, relationship status, and individual self-expression and autonomy were challenged during the ________.

A) gender revolution

B) Victorian revolution

C) American revolution

D) sexual revolution

39) Karen's first strong sexual attraction was to another woman. All through her adult years, her significant sexual involvements have been with women. Here, we are describing Karen's

A) sexual orientation.

B) values and morals.

C) gender identity.

D) sex role.

40) In ancient Greece, the male-male relationship was based on

A) strictly sexual exchanges of favors.

B) the friendship of courtesans.

C) love and reciprocity.

D) power and companionship.

41) Which of the following statements about same-sex relationships in ancient Greece is accurate?

A) It was considered unnatural for older men to become sexually involved with boys.

B) Same-sex relationships between older men and young adolescent boys were considered the highest form of love.

C) Same-sex relationships were substitutes for male-female marriage.

D) Older men who indulged in same-sex relationships were considered abnormal and criminal.

42) It is 650 BCE, and Marcus is a young Grecian pledged for marriage. Traditions of ancient Greece viewed wives as domestics and bearers of children. Therefore, to satisfy his sexual pleasure, Marcus is most likely to

A) marry another attractive woman.

B) view erotic wall murals.

C) seduce other men's wives.

D) turn to courtesans or hetaerae.

43) Which of the following examples accurately depicts the sexual orientation of the Sambians of New Guinea?

A) A young male first indulges in sexual activities with older boys. During his teenage years, he is involved in sexual relations with both males and females. Once he matures, he engages in sexual activities only with a female partner.

B) A young male is approached by an older woman who becomes his mentor and forms an emotional bond with him. Once he reaches adulthood, she marries him and continues to indulge in sexual activities with him.

C) A young female begins her sexual activities by being involved with older women of her tribe and continues this homosexual relationship throughout her adulthood as well.

D) A young female is married to an older male to learn about different forms of sexual activities.

44) Among the Sambians, adolescent males typically have sexual contact with

A) only adolescent females.

B) only adolescent males.

C) both males and females.

D) sexually experienced older females.

45) Which of the following statements is true of the Sambians of New Guinea?

A) During adolescence, Sambian males begin sexual relationships with other males.

B) Sambian women experience decline in their sexual desire during adulthood.

C) Sambians believe that a boy can grow into a man only by the ingestion of semen.

D) Sambians consider same-sex relationships between men as the highest form of love.

46) What does information about the ancient Grecians and the Sambians suggest about sexual orientation?

A) Exposure to, or participation in, same-sex sexual behavior at a young age determines a person's sexual orientation for life.

B) One's attractions are biologically based.

C) Culture can give same-sex sexual behavior very different social and personal significance.

D) Some cultures encourage the development of transsexuals.

47) Thirteen-year-old Diego starts smoking after being influenced by advertisements that suggest women prefer men who smoke. Which of the following is true of Diego's habit of smoking?

A) It will affect Diego's sexual well-being.

B) It will increase Diego's self-confidence.

C) It will increase Diego's popularity in school.

D) It will affect Diego's sexual interests.

48) A phenomenon in which a person intends to live through actions, dress, hormone therapy, or surgery as a gender other than that which he or she was assigned at birth is known as

A) transsexuality.

B) transvestism.

C) homosexuality.

D) genital anomaly.

49) Which of the following is true of "two-spirits"?

A) They convey their gender through sexual practices.

B) They are viewed as perverted and untrustworthy in the South Asian society.

C) They were respected as fundamental components of the Native American cultures.

D) The U.S. government and missionaries supported American Indian two-spirits.

50) A person is anatomically a man but identifies as a woman. He assumes female dress and gender role. In his culture, he has high status and privileges, and it is believed that he has great spiritual power. This man is likely to be

A) cisgender.

B) a two-spirit.

C) lesbian.

D) gay

51) An individual models his behavior after Christ and sets it as norm. He tries to be perfect by sticking to actions that are in accordance with the norm. However, if his actions deviate even slightly from the norm, he feels extreme guilt and shame. According to Leonore Tiefer, this person exemplifies the

A) idealistically "normal" behavior.

B) communally "normal" behavior.

C) clinically "normal" behavior.

D) objectively "normal" behavior.

52) In the late 1800s, oral sex or stimulation of genitals orally was taboo and viewed as a shameful act. Today, most of the population indulges in oral sex, and it has become an acceptable behavior. According to Leonore Tiefer, the act of oral sex is a(n)

A) statistically "normal" behavior.

B) subjectively "normal" behavior.

C) idealistically "normal" behavior.

D) culturally "normal" behavior.

53) According to psychologist Leonore Tiefer, which of the following statements is true of statistically "normal" behavior?

A) Behaviors that replicate successful personalities are abnormal.

B) Behaviors that are similar to one's own are considered normal.

C) Behaviors that conform with religious teachings are normal.

D) Behaviors that are not common are considered abnormal.

54) Which of the following statements is true of natural sexual behavior?

A) It conforms to a culture's sexual norms.

B) It excludes sexual activity that is not heterosexual in nature.

C) It is a sexual behavior that satisfies one's psychological desires.

D) It is consistent across cultures.

55) The measure of ________ explains why an individual's notions of normalcy do not always agree with those of people from other countries, religions, communities, and historical periods.

A) idealistically "normal" behavior

B) communally "normal" behavior

C) clinically "normal" behavior

D) culturally "normal" behavior

56) Normal sexual behavior is that which

A) reflects the average or median behavior of a group.

B) is supported by religious teachings.

C) reflects the preferences of those of high status in a society.

D) leads to successful reproduction.

57) Myra's parents belong to the Mehinaku tribe of the Amazon rain forest. Though the family is settled in the suburbs, the parents still value their tribe's culture. When they see Myra kissing a boy, they disapprove of it and ground her. Which of the following is a likely explanation for their behavior?

A) Myra's parents are extremely conservative and do not want her involved in any sexual relationship until she gets married.

B) The Mehinaku tribe's culture dictates that kissing is a disgusting sexual abnormality, and therefore no one indulges in it.

C) The Mehinaku tribe emphasizes homosexual relationships during adolescence and heterosexual relationships during adulthood.

D) Myra's father believes that women of his tribe should abstain from any form of sexual activities.

58) Don has unique sexual fantasies. Ruth has developed an unusual technique for masturbation. Silas and Patrick are most aroused if they make love during rainstorms. These examples demonstrate that human sexuality is characterized by

A) perversity and immorality.

B) variety and diversity.

C) normality and abnormality.

D) a narrow range of behaviors.

59) Because human sexual activity has such diversity, most sex researchers have advocated that in place of such terms as normal/abnormal or natural/unnatural, we use the term

A) sexual deviancy.

B) sexual variation.

C) sexual morality.

D) sexual anomaly.

60) Sex researchers view sexual behaviors

A) as normal or abnormal.

B) on a continuum ranging from typical to atypical of a specific group.

C) as enhancing or decreasing mental health.

D) on a continuum ranging from reproductive to nonreproductive.

61) Sex researchers believe that the most that can be said of a person is that his or her behaviors are more or less

A) typical or atypical of the group average.

B) deviant or conventional.

C) normal or abnormal depending upon the situation.

D) procreative or nonprocreative.

62) Sex researchers view a person who engages in atypical sexual behavior as

A) a sexual nonconformist.

B) having a deviant personality.

C) psychologically unhealthy.

D) an abnormal individual.

63) Arjun often wears women's clothes. He resorts to this behavior to enjoy sexual gratification. Arjun's behavior can be described as ________.

A) transvestism

B) gynephilia

C) homosexuality

D) heterosexuality

64) Which of the following sexual behaviors is evaluated as harmful to oneself?

A) masturbating while watching one's partner seductively undress

B) having sexual intercourse in an elevator

C) masturbatory asphyxia

D) voyeurism

65) Which of the following is true of viewing excess pornography?

A) Porn users feel sexually superior to their partners.

B) Adolescents tend to develop realistic sexual values and beliefs at a young age.

C) Porn users neglect responsibility and tend to overlook loved ones.

D) Adolescents experience delayed sexual initiation.

66) Which of the following ideas was prevalent among nineteenth-century Victorian Americans?

A) Women merely had reproductive desire, the wish to have children.

B) Sexuality was the most important aspect of a woman's life.

C) Sexual desires and activities decreased with the onset of adulthood in men.

D) A woman's sexual satisfaction was proof of a man's sexuality.

67) Which of the following functions as an important source of information about sex for teenagers?

A) religious books

B) academic textbooks

C) research journals

D) television

68) Which technology was launched by the television industry in 2006 that enabled blocking of programs based on their rating category?

A) V-chip

B) Data Lake

C) Mobikwik

D) Blu-ray

69) Which of the following statements is true of sexual orientation?

A) It involves creating, sharing, and forwarding sexually suggestive images.

B) It is a complex, multidimensional construct composed of sexual identity, attraction, and behavior.

C) It is the set of roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a society considers appropriate for men and women.

D) It affects the potential for becoming sexually aroused and for engaging in sexual intercourse.

70) Robert and Emily have been together for almost 2 years, and they share a satisfying emotional and sexual relationship as a couple. Their relationship exemplifies

A) homosexuality.

B) heterosexuality.

C) bisexuality.

D) asexuality.

71) In ancient Greece, the educated slaves who provided sexual pleasure to men were known as ________.

A) shamans

B) muxas

C) hetaerae

D) hijra

72) Michael and Patrick love each other and share a physical relationship. They do not experience sexual feelings toward their female friends. Michael's and Patrick's sexual orientation can be described as ________.

A) asexuality

B) homosexuality

C) bisexuality

D) heterosexuality

73) Identify an accurate statement about transgenders.

A) Transgenders often express their gender through their sexual practices.

B) Transgenders believe their gender can be validated only by the dominant culture.

C) Transgender is inclusive of heterosexuality and bisexuality.

D) Transgenders do not ascribe to gender normative behaviors or expressions.

74) What belief about two-spirits is prevalent among the Zuni of New Mexico?

A) Two-spirits are shamans who possess spiritual power.

B) Two-spirits are unnatural and perverted individuals.

C) Two-spirits are considered a third gender.

D) Two-spirits are sacred beings.

75) Which of the following is the right to reveal one's own sexuality with due respect to the rights of others?

A) the right to privacy

B) the right to information

C) the right to freedom of thought, opinion, and expression

D) the right to freedom of association and peaceful assembly

76) Riddick often experiences sexual pleasure in exposing his private parts to unknown women. According to sex researchers, this is an example of sexuality that diverges from the norm and is termed

A) twerking.

B) exhibitionism.

C) voyeurism.

D) fetishism.

77) Which of the following individuals' behaviors exemplifies voyeurism?

A) Jane enjoys kissing her lover's photograph.

B) Eric dances in a provocative manner.

C) Paula reveals her body on the beach.

D) John likes seeing his partner undress.

78) Pam always keeps a picture of her boyfriend in her purse. She kisses his photograph whenever she misses him and always tucks it under her pillow while going to bed at night. She exhibits

A) voyeurism.

B) socialism.

C) fetishism.

D) exhibitionism.

79) Which of the following is an example of a sexual behavior that is harmful to others?

A) masturbation asphyxia

B) fetishism

C) rape

D) voyeurism

80) Making obscene phone calls exemplifies sexual behaviors that are

A) harmful to oneself.

B) harmful to others.

C) socially acceptable.

D) culturally normal.

81) Prince, a teenager, spends most of his time watching music videos. This has adversely affected his behavior toward women, and his female classmates complain that he looks at them in an objectifying manner. Which of the following statements explains his behavior?

A) Music videos have objectified women by focusing strictly on their sexuality.

B) A majority of male artists intend to spread hatred against women through their music videos.

C) Music videos enhance feelings of self-objectification in men more than in women.

D) A majority of music videos promote homosexuality.

82) Zoe, a 12-year-old girl with a stout physique, is a fan of a popular reality show on speed dating. She observes that in the show men prefer women with a fair complexion and an attractive figure. Zoe is most likely to

A) feel aversion to women with a fair complexion.

B) refrain from intimate relationships in the future.

C) develop negative views on her appearance.

D) feel repulsed by the male sex.

83) According to Maria, music videos and lyrics of the present time are adversely affecting the youth as they objectify women and highlight only their sexuality. Which of the following statements justifies Maria's views?

A) The youth today view media only as a means of entertainment rather than an information portal. Hence, its role in shaping youth perspective is negligible.

B) The youth idolize music artists, and their creations tend to degrade women. This is bound to adversely affect the thinking of both sexes.

C) The youth today prefer to listen to music only for relaxation purposes. Hence, chances of music videos or lyrics influencing the youth are minimal.

D) The American Psychological Association has branded media as primarily responsible for educating the youth about teen parenting, thus enforcing its importance in the lives of the youth.

84) Which of the following is a drawback of online dating?

A) People prefer to use face-to-face communication instead of digital tools such as virtual platforms and mobile phones.

B) People become excessively eager to establish deep relationships or marry.

C) People who hide their sexual identities are unlikely to explore romantic relationships through online dating.

D) People tend be dissatisfied with their choice, given the endless array of online partners.

85) What led to the loss of dignity and place in society of two-spirit people among the Native Americans?

A) The Native Americans disliked these individuals as they often expressed their gender through their sexual practices.

B) European colonization and persecution by the church to eradicate these individuals resulted in the two-spirit community being viewed as perverted, untraditional, and untrustworthy.

C) The French took over the Native Americans to specifically target homosexuals and two-spirit people because they functioned against the laws of nature.

D) The Russian invasion aimed to bring about a religious reformation of the Native Americans, and all those who opposed this change were persecuted.

86) Some products associated with sexiness, such as alcohol, may actually be detrimental to one's sexual functioning.

87) The rating system for television has one ratings board regulating all content.

88) In motion pictures, gay men and lesbian women are frequently defined in terms of their sexual orientation.

89) The Internet has served to shape sexual culture.

90) Culture is the most powerful factor that shapes how we feel and behave sexually.

91) Media images of women tend to be stereotypical, while images of men are more realistic.

92) Online dating sites make use of assortative matching to match people of equal desirability.

93) Sexting occurs solely between people who are romantically involved.

94) The Internet's efficacy, power, and influence, along with the anonymity and depersonalization that accompany its use, have made it possible for users to easily obtain and distribute sexual materials and information.

95) In the nineteenth century, White middle-class Americans believed that it was part of a woman's duty to tame unruly male sexual impulses.

96) In ancient Greece, husband-wife relationships were considered the highest form of love.

97) Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a society considers appropriate for men and women.

98) Following the sexual revolution, the American Psychiatric Association added homosexuality to its list of diagnosable mental disorders.

99) The term cisgender describes those whose gender expression or identity is not congruent with the sex assigned at birth.

100) While culture helps shape masculinity or femininity, biology defines men and women.

101) The sexual revolution encouraged the widespread accessibility and dissemination of birth control.

102) Transsexuals are people who are born with ambiguous genitalia.

103) The Zuni of New Mexico believe that gender is socially acquired.

104) Normal sexual behavior is behavior that conforms to a group's average, or median, patterns of behavior.

105) Many activities that are considered deviant sexual behavior exist in most of us to some degree.

106) Masturbatory asphyxia is mutilating oneself to increase sexual arousal.

107) Reproduction is viewed as an abnormal sexual behavior by most cultures.

108) The right to equality and nondiscrimination allows individuals to engage in sexual relations and practices without arbitrary interference and intrusion.

109) The right to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress and its application excludes sexuality and sexual health.

110) How do TV commercials use sex to sell products?

111) How are gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals portrayed on television?

112) What do studies of groups like the Mangaia, Dani, and Victorian Americans teach us about human sexuality?

113) How did the ancient Greeks regard same-sex relationships between males?

114) Among the Sambians of New Guinea, how do young boys sexually mature into men?

115) Describe the social status of the two-spirit in various cultures.

116) What do social scientists mean by "normal sexual behavior"?

117) Explain what is meant by the term sexual variation.

118) Describe the way men and women are portrayed in music videos.

119) For the sake of scientific knowledge, Steve decides he will do nothing but watch music videos and play video games for 24 consecutive hours and observe the various types of sexual imagery presented. Describe the various types of sexual imagery and behaviors he is likely to encounter on this heroic research project.

120) Describe the Victorian American view of women and men.

121) Select one culture separated from contemporary America by geography or history, and describe what the sexual norms of that culture teach us about human sexuality.

122) Most of us think of the world as made up of men and women who are assigned gender by their anatomy. How does the existence of transsexuals and two-spirits suggest that this classification is inadequate for understanding human gender?

123) Explain why viewing sexual variation as a continuum may be more productive than classifying behaviors as natural/unnatural, normal/abnormal, or moral/immoral.