Chapter 8: Family Context

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. The family systems theory is defined as ______.

A. the interactive and bidirectional nature of relationships within a family

B. being aware of children’s whereabouts and their companions

C. the long-lasting emotional tie among people who strive to maintain close relationships

D. the expectation of being worthy of love

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Family as a System

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. A divorce which causes a move to a different school system would cause disequilibrium according to ______.

A. the permissive parenting style

B. the family systems theory

C. acculturation

D. deidealization

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Family as a System

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Ashley’s home life is pleasant and comfortable. There haven’t been any disruptions in school or work to set the family off course. As Ashley begins puberty, this change in her physical, emotional, and cognitive development could cause disequilibrium in the entire family. This illustrates ______.

A. parental monitoring

B. the internal working model of attachment

C. the family systems theory

D. emancipation

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Family as a System

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Which aids in adolescents’ ability to reason with their parents?

A. midlife crisis

B. bickering

C. acculturation

D. cognitive maturity

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Changing Adolescent

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Connor just turned 17. He is asking for a later curfew on the weekends. He feels that 9:00 p.m. is too early, especially as he has just gotten a job at the local movie theater. He wants to be able to work the later shifts on the weekends to earn more money during his senior year in high school. Connor’s ability to put together a reasonable argument to his parents for extending his curfew is due to ______.

A. cognitive maturity

B. acculturation

C. emancipation

D. avoidant attachment

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Changing Adolescent

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. What impact does cognitive maturity have on the parent–adolescent relationship?

A. Adolescents are subject to a negative self-image due to the reasons for rules in their household.

B. Adolescents are able to reason better expecting both reasons for rules and countering parental arguments.

C. Adolescents are reflecting the typical storm and stress model of adolescence, therefore looking at emancipation from their parents.

D. Adolescents see their parents as all-knowing and therefore adhering to all rules and arguments with no exceptions.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Changing Adolescent

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Which is an example of a socioemotional identity exploration that can cause conflict between an adolescent and parent?

A. Carter decides to go into the family business.

B. Josiah does everything he is told to do at home.

C. Miguel is exploring his sexual orientation.

D. Karim never questions his father.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Changing Adolescent

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Which is more myth than reality as parents’ age?

A. emotional autonomy

B. deidealization

C. acculturation

D. midlife crisis

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Changing Parent

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Many parents tend to believe the “storm and stress” model of adolescence therefore having a stereotypical ______ reaction to adolescence.

A. neutral

B. positive

C. negative

D. emotional

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Changing Parent

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Eli is very close to his son, Patrick. They do many things together and Eli has even coached his baseball team. As they practice together, Eli notices that he can’t beat Patrick at sprints anymore, and it is beginning to hurt to throw the ball hard to the boys. After a particularly strenuous practice, Patrick is ready to do a little more while Eli decides that he is done for the day. Eli is most likely ______.

A. becoming aware of his aging

B. just not himself today

C. suffering from a midlife crisis

D. becoming a permissive parent

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Changing Parent

Difficulty Level: Hard

11. What is the impact of midlife on parents’ sense of identity?

A. The transition to midlife has no effect on parents’ sense of identity.

B. Parents going through the transition to midlife triggers reflection to revisit and revise identity.

C. The transition to midlife creates a crisis in identity that triggers a recapturing of youth.

D. Parents going through the transition to midlife often wear teenage clothes to revise identity.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Changing Parent

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Which is among the longest lasting relationship with implications for adjustment and well-being?

A. extended family

B. parents

C. grandparents

D. sibling

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Siblings

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Jamal has a great relationship with his parents. Jamal is allowed to have a say in the rules and regards his parents with a lot of respect for the job that they do. He has two siblings, one of which he shares a room. Jamal will most likely have which kind of relationship with his siblings due to his relationship with his parents?

A. contentious and conflicting

B. warm and close

C. anxious

D. avoidant

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Siblings

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. Sophia has a younger sister, Amanda. They were very close when they were younger but when Sophia hit puberty, she distanced herself to act older. In fact, Sophia became involved with an older crowd and began drinking and using drugs. As Amanda watched how her sister behaved, she has a ______ of engaging in the same behaviors.

A. greater risk

B. the same risk as others

C. no risk

D. lesser risk

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Siblings

Difficulty Level: Hard

15. How is the quality of siblings’ relationships related to intimacy in later life?

A. Low-quality sibling relationships predict a high quality of intimacy.

B. Low-quality sibling relationships are related to romantic competence later on.

C. High-quality sibling relationships are related to romantic competence later on.

D. High-quality sibling relationships predict a low quality of intimacy later on.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Siblings

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. The parent–adolescent conflict generally consists of ______.

A. conflicts reflecting serious strains in the relationship

B. arguments of emancipation

C. arguing over serious identity issues

D. bickering over mundane matters

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parent–Adolescent Conflict

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Which is the most common example of the typical parent–adolescent conflict?

A. bickering about chores

B. arguing about the election

C. conflict about participation in cultural activities

D. arguing about homelessness

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parent–Adolescent Conflict

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Isaiah and his mother have been having more arguments lately. She is always asking him to pick up his clothes, turn down his music, come downstairs, and come home on time. This happens several times a day. His mother is just not sure what is going on with her son lately. This illustrates the typical ______.

A. disorganized attachment

B. parent–adolescent conflict

C. emancipated youth

D. deidealization

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Parent–Adolescent Conflict

Difficulty Level: Hard

19. Caleb’s parents were always warm and sensitive to his needs throughout his childhood. He enjoys being able to talk with them about whatever is on his mind. As Caleb has entered puberty, he feels like his parents are nagging him more about chores, his homework, and his friends. The nature of Caleb’s relationship with his parents will most likely ______.

A. become remote

B. turn into screaming matches

C. remain warm and close

D. make his parents insensitive to his needs

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Parent–Adolescent Conflict

Difficulty Level: Hard

20. Which concept is defined as knowing teens’ whereabouts and companions?

A. authoritarian parenting

B. indifferent parenting

C. emotional autonomy

D. parental monitoring

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parental Monitoring

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. What impact does intrusive parental monitoring have on adolescent behavior?

A. Intrusive parental monitoring most likely results in concealing of adolescent behavior.

B. Intrusive parental monitoring will most likely result in a well-rounded adolescent.

C. Intrusive parental monitoring will most likely result in decreased delinquent behavior.

D. Intrusive parental monitoring most likely results in an adolescent open with their behavior.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Parental Monitoring

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. The lasting emotional tie between two people who strive to have and keep a relationship is known as ______.

A. individuation

B. attachment

C. acculturation

D. monitoring

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attachment

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. A child’s expectation that they are worthy of love is known as ______.

A. individuation

B. self-reliance

C. family systems theory

D. the internal working model of attachment

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attachment

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Which is an example of a first attachment in life?

A. a doctor

B. extended family

C. mother

D. sibling

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Attachment

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Which scenario demonstrates insecure resistant attachment?

A. Kayla hugs and yells at her dad at the same time.

B. Kayla feels better after her dad hugs her.

C. Kayla avoids her entire family when she is upset.

D. Kayla runs away from her family.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Attachment

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Which is an example of a positive attachment in adolescence?

A. Mohammed does not have any close friends.

B. Min-Jun feels his father is never around.

C. Lili does not care what classes she takes.

D. Maria is confident and bounces back from adversity.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Attachment

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Tanya just broke up with her boyfriend. Since she is 16-years-old, her mother knows that this is a very hard emotional time for Tanya. Her mother holds her daughter while she cries, explaining that she knows it hurts now and it is ok to feel the way she does. Tanya is eventually soothed and smiles back at her mother even though she is still hurting. Her mother grabs her purse and tells her that they are going to go to the park to get outside and walk together to talk this through. This illustrates ______.

A. secure attachment

B. disorganized attachment

C. avoidant attachment

D. insecure resistant attachment

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Attachment

Difficulty Level: Hard

28. Kumar is having a hard time in school lately and failed another Algebra exam. When he gets home from school, instead of talking to his mother, he storms upstairs and slams his door. As the day goes on, Kumar makes no effort to talk to his mother. Even when she knocks on his door, he refuses to answer so she just walks away. This illustrates ______.

A. secure attachment

B. avoidance attachment

C. disorganized attachment

D. insecure resistant attachment

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Attachment

Difficulty Level: Hard

29. Caleb is often in trouble for conflicts with peers and teachers at school. When he gets home, he just goes to his room. When his father tries to talk with him, they end up screaming at each other even though Caleb really wants to be with his father. Caleb feels like his father is only around to yell at him and then leave but won’t really talk to him the way that he wants. This makes Caleb feel like he has no hope of anyone ever understanding him. Caleb is most likely illustrating ______.

A. disorganized attachment

B. secure attachment

C. insecure resistant attachment

D. avoidant attachment

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Attachment

Difficulty Level: Hard

30. How is attachment related to emotional distance in the parent–adolescent relationship?

A. Securely attached adolescents emotionally distance themselves from parents to peers as part of the process of autonomy.

B. Securely attached adolescents emotionally distance themselves from peers to parents as part of the process of autonomy.

C. Insecurely attached adolescents stay emotionally close with parents as a part of the process of autonomy.

D. Insecurely attached adolescents distance themselves from peers, stay close to parents, and achieve autonomy.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Attachment

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. Adolescents who see themselves as separate and less dependent on their parents have undergone the process of ______.

A. individuation

B. deidealization

C. responsiveness

D. demandingness

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Emotional Autonomy

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. ______ is the process whereby adolescents see their parents as fallible and imperfect rather than all-knowing.

A. Individuation

B. Deidealization

C. Emancipated

D. Attachment

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Emotional Autonomy

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. Declan and his father have always been close. Now that Declan is 15, he sees that his father does not always have all the answers. He still admires his father and sees all his good qualities. In some ways, Declan still wants to be like his father, but in others, he has determined that he would rather not be. Declan’s understanding of his father is due to ______.

A. acculturation

B. attachment

C. deidealization

D. individuation

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Emotional Autonomy

Difficulty Level: Hard

34. What impact does secure attachment have on autonomy development in adolescence?

A. Securely attached adolescents do not develop autonomy from their parents.

B. Securely attached adolescents do not have good friends or romantic relationships.

C. Securely attached adolescents have no need to look outside the home for autonomy.

D. Securely attached adolescents use their parents as a safe base while exploring the world.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Emotional Autonomy

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. The degree to which parents expect mature behavior from their adolescent is known as ______.

A. demandingness

B. responsiveness

C. acculturation

D. individuation

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parenting Styles

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. Which concept refers to the degree that parents are accepting of adolescents, reacting with warmth and sensitivity?

A. deidealization

B. individuation

C. responsiveness

D. demandingness

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parenting Styles

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. Which is an example of responsiveness in parenting styles?

A. expecting Liam to do his chores

B. asking Evan his feelings about school

C. asking Zoe to help clean the dishes

D. insisting Ava be home at 9 p.m.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parenting Styles

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. Which parenting style emphasizes control and strict adherence to rules over warmth and explanations?

A. authoritative

B. permissive

C. indifferent

D. authoritarian

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parenting Styles and Their Correlates

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. Which parenting style has few behavioral expectations while expressing warmth, support, and even indulgence?

A. permissive

B. authoritarian

C. indifferent

D. authoritative

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parenting Styles and Their Correlates

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. Which parenting style includes parents who focus more on their own needs than those of their children?

A. permissive

B. authoritarian

C. indifferent

D. authoritative

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parenting Styles and Their Correlates

Difficulty Level: Easy

41. Which parenting style is associated with firm set limits that include warmth and sensitivity?

A. permissive

B. authoritarian

C. indifferent

D. authoritative

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parenting Styles and Their Correlates

Difficulty Level: Easy

42. Jaxon’s parents make sure to have a say in everything that he does. They have gone so far as to pick out his after school activities and only allowed friendships with certain people. Sometimes, Jaxon’s father resorts to intimidation and uses “Because I said so” as his reasoning for why Jaxon should or should not do something. Jaxon most likely has ______.

A. authoritarian parents

B. authoritative parents

C. permissive parents

D. indifferent parents

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Parenting Styles and Their Correlates

Difficulty Level: Hard

43. Katie’s mother never explains why the rules are the way they are, instead she just forbids certain activities without any discussion. Katie is not allowed to sleep over at her friends, has to come home right after school, and cannot even have friends over to her house. Because of this, Katie is having a hard time in school often feeling very anxious and depressed. She tends to have very low self-esteem. Katie’s mother is most likely a(n) ______.

A. indifferent parent

B. authoritarian parent

C. permissive parent

D. authoritative parent

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Parenting Styles and Their Correlates

Difficulty Level: Hard

44. Luna’s mother died when she was very young so it has been her and her father for a long time. Now that Luna is 13-years-old, her father expects her to be able to make all her own decisions. Luna ends up following whatever her friends are doing. Her father does have some rules, but whenever Luna breaks them, she is not held accountable. Her father makes sure Luna knows how much he loves her. They tend to spend a lot of time talking to one another. Luna’s father is most likely a(n) ______.

A. indifferent parent

B. authoritarian parent

C. permissive parent

D. authoritative parent

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Parenting Styles and Their Correlates

Difficulty Level: Hard

45. Ethan has self-control issues. He usually just follows along with his friends, even when they get into trouble. Often, Ethan does things without thinking about them. On a whim, he will shoplift a candy bar or sleep instead of taking his test in school. His parents are always there for him, but they do not enforce any of the rules that they set in the household. Ethan’s parents are most likely ______.

A. indifferent parents

B. authoritarian parents

C. permissive parents

D. authoritative parents

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Parenting Styles and Their Correlates

Difficulty Level: Hard

46. Aaliyah’s parents are never really around. They spend most of their time at work and rarely interact with her. Sometimes, they forget to make sure that the basic necessities are even in the house. She finds herself alone and depressed most days. She has few friends but what she really craves for the love and support of her parents. Aaliyah’s parents are most likely ______.

A. indifferent parents

B. authoritarian parents

C. permissive parents

D. authoritative parents

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Parenting Styles and Their Correlates

Difficulty Level: Hard

47. Omar is doing very well in school. He is well-liked and has a good sense of who he is. His parents make sure to ask him about his day and help support the decisions that he is making in preparation for college and his life. When he does bend the rules, like his curfew, his parents explain why the rules are there and enforce them with right amount of punishment. Omar knows that he can discuss the rules and the reasons for them with his parents, so he feels that he has a say in how the household adapts to his increasing autonomy. Omar’s parents are most likely ______.

A. indifferent parents

B. authoritarian parents

C. permissive parents

D. authoritative parents

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Parenting Styles and Their Correlates

Difficulty Level: Hard

48. Which scenario is an example of indifferent parenting?

A. Levi’s mother never seems to leave her room due to her depression.

B. Levi’s mother is always screaming at him.

C. Levi’s mother usually engages him about his day.

D. Levi’s mother lets him get away with whatever he wants.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parenting Styles and Their Correlates

Difficulty Level: Medium

49. According to Baumrind, which statement is true?

A. The most positive outcomes are associated with indifferent parenting.

B. The most positive outcomes are associated with authoritative parenting.

C. The most positive outcomes are associated with permissive parenting.

D. The most positive outcomes are associated with authoritarian parenting.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parenting Styles and Their Correlates

Difficulty Level: Medium

50. Which individual most exemplifies an outcome from an authoritative parented household?

A. Landon speaks out of turn in school all the time.

B. William got caught spray painting a building.

C. Chloe thinks things through and usually makes good decisions.

D. Audrey suffers from anxiety and depression.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parenting Styles and Their Correlates

Difficulty Level: Medium

51. What impact does extreme indifferent parenting have on an adolescent?

A. Extreme indifferent parenting is considered to have positive outcomes for adolescents.

B. Extreme indifferent parenting is associated with high academic achievement among adolescents.

C. Extreme indifferent parenting is considered child maltreatment and results in many negative consequences.

D. Extreme indifferent parenting is associated with an overreliance on peers and peer conformity first and foremost.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Parenting Styles and Their Correlates

Difficulty Level: Medium

52. How is socioeconomic status related to effective parental styles?

A. Children from high socioeconomic status succeed with a permissive and warm parenting style.

B. Children from high socioeconomic status succeed with a strict and unloving parenting style.

C. Children from low socioeconomic status succeed with a permissive and warm parenting style.

D. Children from low socioeconomic status succeed with a strict but warm parenting style.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Culture, Context, and Parenting

Difficulty Level: Medium

53. What impact does the context of a neighborhood have on parenting behaviors to produce a self-controlled adolescent?

A. Disadvantaged neighborhood effects are buffered by strict but warm parenting behaviors.

B. Disadvantaged neighborhood effects are increased by strict but warm parenting behaviors.

C. The neighborhood does not have an effect on the success of parenting behaviors.

D. The neighborhood and parenting behaviors do not impact self-control in adolescents.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Culture, Context, and Parenting

Difficulty Level: Medium

54. ______ is a cause for adjustment for families but not significant or irreparable harm for adolescents.

A. Child maltreatment

B. Divorce

C. Foster care

D. Child neglect

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Divorced and Divorcing Families

Difficulty Level: Easy

55. What is the impact of divorce on an adolescent’s long-term adjustment?

A. Adolescents whose parents divorce show high levels of long-term adjustment difficulties.

B. Adolescents whose parents divorce show moderate long-term adjustment difficulties.

C. Adolescents whose parents divorce have shown no long-term adjustment difficulties.

D. Adolescents whose parents divorce show distinct long-term adjustment difficulties.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Divorced and Divorcing Families

Difficulty Level: Medium

56. Divorce in a high interparental conflict household can ______.

A. worsen adjustment

B. reflect a midlife crisis

C. cause depression

D. improve adjustment

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Interparental Conflict

Difficulty Level: Easy

57. Emma’s parents fight daily. Sometimes there are even things thrown. She can always hear them screaming at each other, but it is the objects crashing against the walls that make her truly cringe with fear. One day, Emma’s father explains to her that they are getting a divorce and he is moving out. He reassures Emma that he loves her and they can see each other whenever she wants. Emma will most likely ______.

A. become depressed

B. experience an improved adjustment

C. be neglected by her mother

D. be removed and put into foster care

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Interparental Conflict

Difficulty Level: Hard

58. Which scenario demonstrates disrupted parenting due to divorce?

A. Wyatt’s mother just doesn’t seem able to enforce the rules since the divorce.

B. Wyatt’s mother acts just the same as she always has.

C. Wyatt’s mother no longer fights with his father daily.

D. Wyatt feels like the divorce came out of nowhere.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Disrupted Parenting

Difficulty Level: Medium

59. What impact do socioeconomic changes have on adolescent development due to divorce?

A. These financial hardships may lead to acculturation of adolescents.

B. These financial hardships may result in emotional and behavioral difficulties.

C. These financial hardships may place an adolescent in foster care.

D. These financial hardships may alter an adolescent’s sibling relationship.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Socioeconomic Changes

Difficulty Level: Medium

60. Which kind of family is made up of one biological parent and a nonrelated adult?

A. Foster family

B. Adoptive family

C. Blended family

D. Transracial adoptive family

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Blended Families

Difficulty Level: Easy

61. How do divorce and remarriage differ in terms of stress for adolescents?

A. Interparental conflict makes divorce more stressful than remarriage.

B. Stress is higher after a high conflict divorce than remarriage.

C. Stress may be higher for indifferent parents whether there is a divorce or a remarriage.

D. Stress may be higher in remarriage than during divorce.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Blended Families

Difficulty Level: Medium

62. Jasper’s dad recently remarried. Even though Jasper lives with his mom, his new stepmother wanted to make sure that she got to know Jasper slowly over time rather than all at once. She also made sure to talk with Jasper’s mother to make sure that she would not overstep her bounds or get in the middle of anything between Jasper’s biological parents. Because Jasper’s stepmother took these steps, he will most likely ______.

A. show better adjustment

B. not adjust to the new situation

C. show more aggression in the new situation

D. adjust only with force to the new situation

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Blended Families

Difficulty Level: Hard

63. Which finding is true and supported by research about same-sex parented families?

A. Parental sexual orientation determines children’s sexual orientation.

B. Relationships among family members are more important than parental sexual orientation.

C. Importance of opposite genders in the household outweighs the quality of the relationships.

D. Parental gender is far more important than a families social resources.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Same-Sex Parented Families

Difficulty Level: Medium

64. Lucas’ family consists of a brother, sister, and two mothers. His grandmother has always worried about the children’s emotional development. Lucas is well-adjusted, empathetic, and shows lower levels of aggression for his age. In fact, because of his parentage, he may score higher on some aspects of ______.

A. depression

B. acculturation

C. social competence

D. anxiety

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Same-Sex Parented Families

Difficulty Level: Hard

65. Which concept refers to a child adopted into a family of a different race?

A. reconstituted

B. blended

C. acculturation

D. transracial

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adoptive Families

Difficulty Level: Easy

66. Clara knows that she was adopted when she was a baby. Her parents have made sure to help her understand her birth parents situation and have explained that they will help her find them if or when she is ready. Clara feels loved and supported by her parents and does not consider herself to be any different than her peers who live with their biological parents. This is due to the understanding that ______.

A. most adopted children experience aggression

B. most adopted children experience normal adjustment

C. most adopted children have higher executive functioning

D. most adopted children feel unloved and unwanted

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Adoptive Families

Difficulty Level: Hard

67. Which concept refers to the placement of a child outside of the home?

A. adoption

B. transracial adoption

C. foster care

D. reconstituted family

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Foster Care

Difficulty Level: Easy

68. Felix, a 14-year-old, has a severely depressed mother. She has not done anything but watch TV for about a month. There is no money or food in the house. Felix is surviving on school breakfast and lunch. A teacher notices that Felix, who was once a very clean boy, never has clean clothes to wear. She watches him eat as much as he can at school too. Due to this child neglect, Felix may need to go ______.

A. be reconstituted

B. through transracial adoption

C. through adoption

D. to foster care

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Foster Care

Difficulty Level: Hard

69. What impact does “aging out” of the foster care system have on adolescents?

A. The transition of “aging out” of foster care is difficult as many are unprepared.

B. The transition of “aging out” of foster care allows an adolescent to get ahead in life.

C. Due to the readiness that “aging out” extends to adolescents, they are prepared for life.

D. Due to “aging out” of foster care, an adolescent is prepared to take control of their finances.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Foster Care

Difficulty Level: Medium

70. Marianna’s family came to the United States when she was very young. They came in order to achieve a better life for themselves and their children. Unfortunately, once their initial green card expired, they could not get citizenship. Since that time, the entire family has been undocumented. Now that Marianna wants to attend college, she is finding everything very hard to do. This may impact her ______.

A. deidealization

B. psychological well-being

C. internal working model of attachment

D. transracial adoption

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Families With Undocumented Members

Difficulty Level: Hard

True/False

1. Adolescents want explanations for the household rules from their parents due to their cognitive maturation.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Changing Adolescent

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Midlife parents have an established sense of identity that does not need to be revisited.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Changing Parent

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Older siblings are a source of modeled behavior and advice for their younger counterparts.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Siblings

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. The parent–adolescent conflict tends to be about politics the majority of the time.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parent–Adolescent Conflict

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. A middle-SES adolescent is more likely to experience delinquency with intrusive parental monitoring.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parental Monitoring

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. An adolescent who is emotionally expressive and can express both positive and negative emotions is most likely securely attached to their parents.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Attachment

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. In healthy families, adolescent–parent relationships become detached so that peers can take precedence.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Emotional Autonomy

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. The degree to which a parent accepts their adolescent is measured as responsiveness.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parenting Styles

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. A parent who uses psychological control and emphasizes punishment without discussion is an authoritative parent.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parenting Styles and Their Correlates

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Child neglect, a form of child maltreatment, can result from extreme indifferent parenting.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parenting Styles and Their Correlates

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Cultural variations in parenting do not alter any of the parenting styles effectiveness.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Culture, Context, and Parenting

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Most adolescents show improved adjustment within 2 years after a divorce.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Divorced and Divorcing Families

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. An adolescent in a high-conflict household will have decreased adjustment with the dissolution of the marriage.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Interparental Conflict

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. If a stepparent takes the time to build a relationship with the children before the marriage, the adjustment to the new family structure will be easier.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Blended Families

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. The strength of the relationships within the family is less important than the sexual orientation of the parents of a child.

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Same-Sex Parented Families

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. What impact does identity development have on the adolescent–parent relationship?

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Changing Adolescent

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What impact does midlife have on a parent’s sense of identity?

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Changing Parent

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. What impact does the acculturation gap have on the parent–adolescent conflict?

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Parent–Adolescent Conflict

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. How is insecure attachment related to the internal working model of attachment?

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Attachment

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Explain two ways that adolescents begin the process of emotional autonomy.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Emotional Autonomy

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. What impact does an authoritarian parenting style have on an adolescent?

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Parenting Styles and Their Correlates

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. What impact does a permissive parenting style have on an adolescent?

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Parenting Styles and Their Correlates

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. What impact does indifferent parenting have on an adolescent?

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Parenting Styles and Their Correlates

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. What impact does interparental conflict have on adolescents before and during a divorce?

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Interparental Conflict

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. How does emotional development differ in a same-sex parented family versus their peers?

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Same-Sex Parented Families

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Explain how the “storm and stress” view of adolescence influences the parent–adolescent relationship.

Learning Objective: 8.1: Explain family systems theory and the interactions among family systems.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Changing Parent

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Explain the internal working model of attachment. Provide an example of one of the following: secure attachment, avoidant attachment, insecure resistant attachment, or disorganized attachment.

Learning Objective: 8.2: Describe adolescents’ relationships with their parents, attachment, and emotional autonomy.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Attachment

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. What is the impact of authoritative parenting on adolescents? Provide an example of an authoritative interaction between a parent and adolescent.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Parenting Styles and Their Correlates

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Explain how cultural variations in parenting and the effectiveness of disciplinary techniques may vary by cultural context.

Learning Objective: 8.3: Summarize what is known about parenting style in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Culture, Context, and Parenting

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. What impact does transracial adoption have on adolescents?

Learning Objective: 8.4: Discuss common family transitions, such as divorce, remarriage, adoption, foster care, and others.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Adoptive Families

Difficulty Level: Medium