Chapter 9: Peer Context

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which becomes more important than proximity in friendships over the course of adolescence?

A. appreciation of character traits

B. sociometric popularity

C. co-rumination

D. insecure attachment to parents

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Friendship

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Which statement is true of high-quality friendships that endure over the course of time?

A. High-quality friendships are characterized by perceived popularity within the elite crowd.

B. High-quality friendships are characterized by sharing, intimacy, and open communication.

C. High-quality friendships are characterized by coercion and peer influence in late adolescence.

D. High-quality friendships are characterized by instrumental aggression defined in peer influence.

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Friendship

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Friendships tend to be characterized by similarity, otherwise known as ______.

A. sociometrics

B. rumination

C. homophily

D. perspective taking

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Similarities Among Friends

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. What impact does interaction have on homophily among friends?

A. Interaction among friends decreases differences or homophily.

B. Interaction among friends decreases similarities or homophily.

C. Interaction among friends increases differences or homophily.

D. Interaction among friends increases similarities or homophily.

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Similarities Among Friends

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Sadie and Ella have been hanging out a lot lately. They have discovered that they both love to read and highly value academic achievement. They also share a love of animals. So much so that they have decided to start a fundraiser at school for their local animal shelter. This friendship is based on ______.

A. homophily

B. exclusion

C. perceived popularity

D. relational aggression

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Similarities Among Friends

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. Jamal and Diego met while playing soccer. They have since discovered that they both like to make things with their hands. They have decided to participate in an afterschool program together that is run by mechanical engineers in order to help students gain a look into that career. Each week two of them go to the club and soccer practices together. They keep discovering more and more things that they have in common. This friendship is based on ______.

A. pressure

B. homophily

C. dominance

D. autonomy

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Similarities Among Friends

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. Jacob is African American. He has recently become friends with Eli who is caucasian. They have found that they have a lot of the same interests, including sports and video games. They are spending more and more of their time together. This friendship may result in ______.

A. peer victimization for the two of them

B. insecure attachment to one another

C. a decrease in racial prejudice for them

D. an increase in racial prejudice for them

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Similarities Among Friends

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. Maria and Charlotte have been very close friends for several years. They spend a lot of time talking to one another about boys and their futures. They tell each other things that they would never tell other friends. When Maria’s boyfriend broke up with her, she spent the entire weekend at Charlotte’s house where they talked and cried and talked some more about the situation. Their close friendship puts them at risk for ______.

A. sociometric popularity

B. peer victimization

C. loneliness

D. co-rumination

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sex Differences in Friendship

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. For girls, ______ is the measure of a high-quality friendship.

A. intimacy

B. autonomy

C. coercion

D. exclusion

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sex Differences in Friendship

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Compatibility not only influences friendship formation but also ______.

A. self-exploration

B. friendship stability

C. perceived popularity

D. prejudice

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Friendship Stability

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. What is the impact of conflict management on friendship stability?

A. The ability of friendships to minimize and ignore it predicts stability.

B. The ability for friendships to pretend there is no conflict at all predicts more stability.

C. The ability for friendships to deal with conflict directly and not ignore or minimize it predicts stability.

D. The ability for friendships to deal with conflicts directly predicts instability.

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Friendship Stability

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Jack never seems to be able to make friends. Jack would exemplify ______.

A. self-disclosure

B. sociometric popularity

C. deviant behavior

D. chronic friendlessness

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Friendship Stability

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Jennifer’s best friend, Cindy, moved away recently. Cindy’s father had to relocate for his job. Since she left, Jennifer has not been able to really open up to anyone and feels a great loss in her life. She just goes home every day after school by herself and rarely texts or talks to anyone. If Jennifer does not replace her friendship with Cindy with another friend, she is at risk for ______.

A. depression

B. coercion

C. discrimination

D. autonomy

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Friendship Stability

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. Close supportive friendships offer adolescents which outcome?

A. relational aggression

B. identity formation

C. insecure attachment

D. peer rejection

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Friendship and Adolescent Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Which friendship would be predicted by an insecure attachment to parents?

A. Judy and Trina work out their disagreements.

B. Melissa and Rosa talk about everything all the time.

C. Carter picks on Isaac all the time.

D. Ryan helps Tyler with his math homework.

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Friendship and Adolescent Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. How are autonomy and intimacy related to adolescent relationships?

A. Adolescents must establish an intimate relationship with peers while distancing themselves from their parents.

B. Adolescents must establish an intimate relationship with their peers while staying dependent on their parents.

C. Adolescents must establish autonomy and intimacy in parental relationships ranking higher than peer relationships.

D. Adolescents must establish autonomy and intimacy in peer relationships while keeping a close and autonomous relationship to parents.

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Friendship and Adolescent Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Stacy and Rita have become close friends this year. They deepened their friendship while participating on the cross-country team at school. Once they started talking, they found that they had quite a lot in common. They text every day after school and frequently interact through social media. Stacy has been testing the waters with Rita by disclosing her feelings for Bryan on their team. She has shared with Rita the story of her last boyfriend including her feelings of loss after it ended. Stacy and Rita’s friendship is an example of ______.

A. intimacy

B. instrumental aggression

C. assertiveness

D. low status

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Friendship and Adolescent Development

Difficulty Level: Hard

18. Which concept is defined as a close knit group of friends?

A. crowd

B. clique

C. sociometric

D. affirmation

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cliques and Crowds

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Which concept is defined as large, loose group of individuals that share characteristics, interests, and/or reputation?

A. instrumental

B. self-disclosed

C. clique

D. crowd

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cliques and Crowds

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Which situation is an example of a clique?

A. Tony and Arthur are on the soccer team.

B. Zion and Miguel both like the same music.

C. Tanner and Isaac are usually found together in their free time.

D. Michael and Seth attend protests together.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cliques and Crowds

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Liam and Jimmy are on the soccer team together. They are friends but really don’t hang out that much. Liam makes sure that his grades are the best they can be while Jimmy doesn’t really care about his grades. The other students have put Liam and Jimmy in the same crowd at school. Liam and Jimmy would most likely be put into the ______.

A. jocks

B. elites

C. brains

D. partiers

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cliques and Crowds

Difficulty Level: Hard

22. Sophia has always gotten good grades in school. She cares about her grades very much. She also likes to follow her own path in the way that she dresses. She does not care about the trends at school or on social media. She prefers to set her own trend. Many of her peers do not understand why she dresses the way that she does. Sophia would probably classify herself as a brain but her peers would most likely classify her as a ______.

A. jock

B. deviant

C. nonconformist

D. elite

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cliques and Crowds

Difficulty Level: Hard

23. Which concept refers to being well liked and accepted by peers?

A. sociometric popularity

B. perceived popularity

C. nonconformist

D. dominant

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Popularity

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Which concept refers to a peer status that is high in status through manipulation, coercion, and aggression?

A. sociometric popularity

B. perceived popularity

C. nonconformist

D. instrumental

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Popularity

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Which scenario demonstrates perceived popularity?

A. Jada has spread a rumor about her opponent in the race for student body president.

B. Jada helps her friend after school with her math homework.

C. Jada is the captain of the soccer team due to her conflict resolution skills.

D. Jada knows when she should speak and when she should not during class.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Popularity

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. What impact does popularity have on risky behaviors in adolescence?

A. Sociometric popular adolescents are associated with a greater risk for risky behaviors.

B. Sociometric popular adolescents are associated with alcohol and substance use.

C. Perceived popular adolescents are associated with a greater risk for risky behaviors.

D. Perceived popular adolescents are associated with dominance to combat risky behaviors.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Popularity

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Hannah is running for senior class president. She has always enjoyed helping out at school and in her community. She has a really good group of friends who help and support her. Hannah will usually take the lead in group projects but always listens and cooperates with everyone in the group. In fact, she is usually nominated to be the leader of the group due to her problem-solving skills. Hannah illustrates ______.

A. instrumental aggression

B. relational aggression

C. perceived popularity

D. sociometric popularity

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Popularity

Difficulty Level: Hard

28. Tana is a very popular girl in school. She and her friends are all athletes on the soccer team. She is in the running for prom queen this year as well. One of the other girls that is up for prom queen is Keisha. Keisha is popular, pretty, and generally nice to everyone in school. Keisha likes to help others whenever she can. Since Tana really wants to be prom queen this year, she decides to spread a nasty rumor about Keisha around school. She thinks that this will help her win and keep her status and popularity. Tana is illustrating ______.

A. relational aggression

B. sociometric popularity

C. verbal aggression

D. socioemotional development

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Popularity

Difficulty Level: Hard

29. Which adolescents tend to show patterns of behavior characterized by combinations of aggression and withdrawal?

A. sociometric

B. peer rejected

C. nonconformists

D. securely attached

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Peer Rejection

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Which individual is an example of a peer-rejected adolescent?

A. Callie is shy but has a group of friends that she volunteers with.

B. Rachel is well liked but achieves her popularity through relational aggression.

C. Paul always pushes his way into the group, even when he is not welcome.

D. Miguel is thought of as a very smart and kind person.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Peer Rejection

Difficulty Level: Medium

31. How is peer rejection related to emotional regulation abilities in adolescents?

A. Aggressive peer-rejected adolescents have trouble understanding but not regulating their emotions.

B. Withdrawn peer-rejected adolescents have no trouble regulating or understanding their emotions.

C. Aggressive and withdrawn peer-rejected adolescents understand and regulate their emotions well.

D. Aggressive and withdrawn peer-rejected adolescents have trouble understanding and regulating their emotions.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Peer Rejection

Difficulty Level: Medium

32. Tim sits at the edge of the cafeteria most days by himself. He is afraid to reach out to anyone to make friends. He feels lonely most days until he can get home and play his video games. No one at school ever tries to talk with him either. They just pass him by as if he isn’t even there. He doesn’t really understand how to talk to people in person. His behavior at school only serves to separate him more from the other students. Tim is exemplifying ______.

A. peer rejection

B. peer victimization

C. relational victimization

D. instrumental aggression

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Peer Rejection

Difficulty Level: Hard

33. Peer victimization is also known as ______.

A. assertiveness

B. bullying

C. depression

D. discrimination

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Peer Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. Which individual depicts a person more likely to experience peer victimization?

A. Ken is shy, socially awkward, and different from his peers.

B. John is a good problem solver and conflict manager.

C. Jamal gives back to his community as a leader of a fundraiser.

D. Hector is well liked and helpful at school.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Peer Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. What impact does peer victimization have on mental health in adolescents?

A. Adolescents who are victimized are more likely to gain mental strength as a result of their struggle.

B. Adolescents who are victimized are more likely to have mental health issues such as depression and suicide ideation.

C. Adolescents who are victimized experience no greater mental health issues than those adolescents who are not victimized.

D. Adolescents who are victimized experience less mental health issues than those adolescent who are not victimized.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Peer Victimization

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. Blake is the captain of the academic team. He has a very high status in his school. He is athletic and very well liked. Unfortunately, Blake feels the need to make sure that no one can challenge his authority or leadership. When Lane attempts to correct Blake in practice on a subject, Blake retaliates by excluding him from the elite team. Blake tells everyone that Lane wasn’t smart enough to be part of the group. Blake is using ______ to keep his social standing.

A. assertiveness

B. physical aggression

C. relational aggression

D. coercion

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Peer Victimization

Difficulty Level: Hard

37. Adolescents experience the peak of the pressure to conform at about ______.

A. 12

B. 13

C. 14

D. 15

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pressure to Conform

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. Which individual exemplifies being a peer influence?

A. Omar pushes his friend Ben to go hiking with him.

B. Elizabeth and Jacki enjoy texting each other.

C. Mrs. Ramirez watches Nate and Liam whisper in class.

D. Jenny talks to Ann at lunch about the student election.

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Pressure to Conform

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. What impact does similarities between friends have on peer influence?

A. Adolescents select friends to complement their differences not their similarities so peer influence is at a minimum.

B. Friend selection is based upon crowd membership which is conducted by peers decreasing their influence.

C. Peer influence is not impacted by the similarities among friendships for either boys or girls.

D. Since adolescents select friends due to similarities, the exposure to these friends increases peer influence.

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Pressure to Conform

Difficulty Level: Medium

40. Jamie and her friends have all decided to get similar haircuts. They were inspired by their favorite band. Katie is not sure that she wants to do this, but Jamie convinces her that it will be fun to all match and attend the band’s concert together with their new looks. This scenario exemplifies ______.

A. peer influence

B. peer victimization

C. emotional regulation

D. insecure attachment

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Pressure to Conform

Difficulty Level: Hard

41. Adolescents experience an increased sensitivity to rewards in the brain during adolescence. Which is experienced as a reward increasing influence?

A. parents

B. peers

C. school

D. teachers

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Influences on Susceptibility to Peer Influence

Difficulty Level: Easy

42. Which plays a role in shifting influence to peers from parents in adolescence?

A. brain development for rewards

B. brain development for affirmation

C. autonomy toward rewards

D. autonomy toward instrumental aggression

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Influences on Susceptibility to Peer Influence

Difficulty Level: Easy

43. Pressure to conform in adolescence is increased in order to avoid ______.

A. depression

B. peer rejection

C. self-disclosure

D. empathy

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Influences on Susceptibility to Peer Influence

Difficulty Level: Easy

44. What impact does emotional autonomy have on peer influence in adolescents?

A. Emotional autonomy determines peer influence during adolescence based on relational victimization.

B. Emotional autonomy from parents creates insecure attachment to peers decreasing their influence.

C. As adolescents strive for emotional autonomy from parents, peer approval becomes more important increasing peer influence.

D. As adolescents strive for emotional autonomy from peers, parental approval becomes more important decreasing peer influence.

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Influences on Susceptibility to Peer Influence

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. Which statement is true of pressure to conform for adolescents?

A. Adolescents are less likely to conform in order to keep their status.

B. Status enables adolescents to resist the pressure to conform among peers.

C. Avoiding peer rejection is the motivation for adolescents to resist the pressure to conform.

D. Adolescents are more likely to conform to improve their status and avoid peer rejection.

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Influences on Susceptibility to Peer Influence

Difficulty Level: Medium

46. Connor plays baseball for his high school. They are practicing every day after school so that they can be ready for the season. Some days the girls track team is out practicing at the same time. Even though they are not looking at Connor, he seems to try and make more daring plays on those days than the others. This risky behavior is most likely due to Connor’s ______.

A. neurosensitivity to rewards

B. affirmation

C. conflict management

D. insecure attachment

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Influences on Susceptibility to Peer Influence

Difficulty Level: Hard

47. Jenna is a well-liked girl in her high school class. She participates in several clubs and sports. Generally, she is a helpful and cooperative student in her classes. She has a pretty active social life on the weekends too. One night at a party, Jenna’s friend Charlotte handed her a cup of spiked punch. Jenna tried to refuse saying that she doesn’t drink but Charlotte just kept pushing the cup in her hand while they were walking over to their larger social group. Jenna acquiesces and takes the cup, drinking it throughout the party. Jenna most likely acquiesced in order to ______.

A. coerce other students

B. become a partier

C. avoid rejection

D. avoid intimacy

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Influences on Susceptibility to Peer Influence

Difficulty Level: Hard

48. Prosocial behavior is influenced by ______ in adolescence.

A. conflict management

B. relational victimization

C. perceived popularity

D. peer pressure

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Peer Influence on Prosocial Behavior

Difficulty Level: Easy

49. Which statement is true of prosocial behavior and adolescents?

A. Adolescents are more likely to volunteer if they believe other students volunteer.

B. Adolescents are less likely to volunteer if they think other students volunteer.

C. Adolescents engage in prosocial behavior at the bequest of their parents.

D. Adolescents engage in prosocial behavior only to avoid peer rejection.

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Peer Influence on Prosocial Behavior

Difficulty Level: Medium

50. What impact does peer approval have on prosocial behavior in adolescents?

A. Peer approval has no impact on prosocial behavior conducted by adolescents.

B. Adolescents are more likely to express prosocial behavior if they believe their peers approve of the behavior.

C. Peer approval decreases the likelihood that adolescents will participate in prosocial behaviors.

D. Adolescents are less likely to express prosocial behavior if they believe their peers approve of the behavior.

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Peer Influence on Prosocial Behavior

Difficulty Level: Medium

51. Emily and Jack work together after school at a local fast-food restaurant. While they don’t have many classes together, work has made them pretty good friends. Emily has always enjoyed volunteering at her local senior center. She has talked so much about it that Jack has asked whether he can go with her next time. Jack’s volunteering is most likely due to ______.

A. emotional regulation

B. coercion

C. peer influence

D. self-disclosure

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Peer Influence on Prosocial Behavior

Difficulty Level: Hard

52. Liam and David are going to a party at their friend’s house this weekend. When they get there, alcohol and other substances are prevalent. Tyler, a mutual friend, greets Liam and David and asks whether they want a drink. Liam is the first to say no explaining that he doesn’t drink alcohol. David decides that he does not want a drink either. The two stay close to each other for most of the party. David’s decision is most likely due to ______.

A. emotional regulation

B. coercion

C. self-exploration

D. peer influence

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Peer Influence on Prosocial Behavior

Difficulty Level: Hard

53. Over the past three decades, adolescent dating has ______.

A. become less prevalent

B. become more prevalent

C. not changed

D. been reduced to zero

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prevalence of Dating

Difficulty Level: Easy

54. What impact has technology had on romantic relationships in adolescence?

A. The increase in dating coincides with the increases in social media and video technology.

B. The declines in dating coincide with the increases in social media and video technology.

C. The increase in dating coincides with the decreases in social media and video technology.

D. The declines in dating coincide with the decreases in social media and video technology.

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Prevalence of Dating

Difficulty Level: Medium

55. Jude, a junior in high school, has never been out on a date one-on-one before. He has texted girls and interacted on social media but not on an official date. He goes to the dances and the parties with everyone from school and is very well liked. He likes to video chat with one girl in particular, but they have not been alone together face to face. Jude’s lack of dating may be due to an increase in ______.

A. nonconformity

B. emotional regulation

C. technology

D. rumination

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Prevalence of Dating

Difficulty Level: Hard

56. Which is an example of an orientation toward romantic relationships for an early adolescent?

A. going to a mixed-sex party

B. creating a serious emotional bond with a partner

C. attending a school dance

D. developing a crush

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Developmental Shifts in Dating

Difficulty Level: Medium

57. Adolescent dating usually begins with ______.

A. mixed-sex activities

B. single-sex activities

C. intimacy between partners

D. perceived popularity

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Developmental Shifts in Dating

Difficulty Level: Easy

58. Eli and his friends are all going to attend the school dance. They also make sure that the girls that they usually interact with will be there too. They all like to dance and hang out together whether at school or out at activities like the movies. Within their clique, a few couples have started to emerge. Eli and his friends are most likely in ______.

A. early adolescence

B. middle adolescence

C. late adolescence

D. late childhood

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Developmental Shifts in Dating

Difficulty Level: Hard

59. Romantic relationships aid in which kind of development for boys?

A. affirmation

B. aggression

C. intimacy

D. dominance

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Reasons for Dating

Difficulty Level: Easy

60. What impact do friendships have on intimacy in romantic relationships in adolescence?

A. Intimacy in friendships has no relationship with the kind of intimacy needed for romantic relationships.

B. Friendships do not share intimacy and therefore have no relationship to the intimacy needed for romantic relationships.

C. Intimacy in friendship is experience only by boys influencing their capacity for romantic relationships.

D. The quality of the intimacy in friendships influences romantic intimacy between adolescents.

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Reasons for Dating

Difficulty Level: Medium

61. Which statement is true of why adolescents date?

A. Adolescents learn to share, be sensitive, and develop intimacy in romantic relationships.

B. Adolescents date solely for physical attraction.

C. Adolescents date to avoid peer rejection and loneliness.

D. Adolescents learn to co-ruminate due to dating relationships.

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reasons for Dating

Difficulty Level: Medium

62. A reason that LGBT youth may not take their relationship public would be ______.

A. affirmation

B. stigmatization

C. emotional regulation

D. secure attachment

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dating in LGBT Youth

Difficulty Level: Easy

63. Which scenario may occur with a LGBT youth who is not ready to “come out” yet?

A. Kevin is outwardly dating another boy.

B. Kevin tells everyone he has a crush on Jack.

C. Kevin starts dating a girl in his math class.

D. Kevin has fully explored his orientation.

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dating in LGBT Youth

Difficulty Level: Medium

64. Lisa is not sure of her sexual orientation. She is pretty sure that she is attracted to the same sex but she is also starting to date a boy from her history class. She really does not want to talk to her parents about this as she is afraid that they won’t accept her if she “comes out” to them. She also knows that if she dates this boy, she will keep her social standing within her high school as well. Lisa is mostly likely fearful of being ______.

A. securely attached

B. intimate

C. perceived popular

D. stigmatized

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Dating in LGBT Youth

Difficulty Level: Hard

65. What impact does early dating relative to peers have on girls in adolescence?

A. Early dating for girls is associated with depression and a higher rate of alcohol and substance use.

B. Early dating is associated with peer rejection for girls.

C. Early dating for girls is associated with more prosocial behaviors.

D. Early dating is associated with dominance in sociometric popularity.

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Dating and Psychosocial Adjustment

Difficulty Level: Medium

66. Carla, a 13-year-old girl, comes from a disadvantaged home. She lives alone with her mother, but her mother isn’t home very much. Carla hit puberty very early and has since attracted the attention from older boys in the neighborhood. She has recently begun to date Jason, a 16-year-old. Carla and Jason spend a lot of time together and have been increasingly physical in their relationship. None of Carla’s other friends have begun dating yet. Due to her early dating relative to her friends, Carla is more at risk for ______.

A. a lower rate of alcohol abuse

B. a higher rate of alcohol abuse

C. a higher rate of empathy

D. a lower rate of perspective taking

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Dating and Psychosocial Adjustment

Difficulty Level: Hard

67. Greg and Tiffany, both high school seniors, have been dating for awhile. They have grown very close emotionally. Both have good support systems in their friends. They have each been able to mediate any conflicts with their friends relatively easily. When they have problems though, they do not seem to be able to solve the issues as easily. When Tiffany gets angry with Greg, she tends to walk away and refuse to talk to him about what is bothering her. Tiffany and Greg have a more difficult time resolving conflict due to ______.

A. their nonconformist crowd perception

B. Tiffany’s perceived popularity and Greg’s sociometric popularity

C. the powerful emotional aspects of their romantic relationship

D. the hostility they have for one another most of the time

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Dating and Psychosocial Adjustment

Difficulty Level: Hard

68. The actual or threatened physical or sexual harm or psychological abuse toward a former or current partner is known as ______.

A. self-disclosure

B. assertiveness

C. relational victimization

D. dating violence

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dating Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

69. Which behavior is an example of dating violence?

A. Katrina bullies Parker to gain a higher status at school.

B. Raj witnesses John pick on Cameron at school.

C. Sophia calls her partner, David, fat whenever he eats sweets.

D. Lauren pressures Tina to drink alcohol at a party.

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dating Violence

Difficulty Level: Medium

70. Justin and Angie have been dating for a while now. Angie is a well-liked girl at school. She is generally very helpful in and out of class. One afternoon, Seth asks Angie if she could help him with his biology homework as he is stuck on a couple of concepts. Justin happens to walk by when Angie is agreeing to meet with him. Later that day when Justin and Angie are alone, Justin accuses Angie of wanting to date Seth and slams his fist into the wall very close to Angie’s face. This demonstrates ______.

A. emotional regulation

B. dating violence

C. conflict management

D. secure attachment

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Dating Violence

Difficulty Level: Hard

True/False

1. Cross-ethnic friendships have been shown to decrease racial prejudice over time.

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Similarities Among Friends

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Other-sex friendships do not occur until adolescents begin dating one another.

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sex Differences in Friendship

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. A “lost” friendship always results in adjustment difficulties even when it is replaced with a new friendship.

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Friendship Stability

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Perspective taking is developed in close, self-disclosing, supportive friendships.

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Friendship and Adolescent Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. A large, loose group of people based on similar characteristics, interests, and/or reputation is known as a clique.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cliques and Crowds

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. A girl who uses manipulation to gain status and popularity would be considered sociometrically popular.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Popularity

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Combinations of aggression and withdrawal can be seen in peer rejected adolescents.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Peer Rejection

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Peer victimization is defined as repeated attempts to inflict harm through physical means.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Peer Victimization

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Peer influence or pressure to conform declines after high school.

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pressure to Conform

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Attachment remains with parents aiding in adolescents’ ability to refrain from the pressure to conform.

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Influences on Susceptibility to Peer Influence

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Peer pressure results in negative behaviors in adolescents.

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Peer Influence on Prosocial Behavior

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. For a 15-year-old adolescent, dating is casual and begins through intermingling of mixed-sex groups like a school dance.

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Developmental Shifts in Dating

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Identity development is aided through close, romantic relationships in later adolescence.

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reasons for Dating

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Romantic relationships among same-sex adolescents are just as public as romantic relationships between opposite-sex adolescents.

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dating in LGBT Youth

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Adolescent dating violence is reported at about the same rate as adult domestic violence.

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dating Violence

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. Explain what a friendship based in homophily looks like.

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Similarities Among Friends

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What impact does gender have on adolescent friendships?

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sex Differences in Friendship

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. How do cliques and crowds differ in adolescence?

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Cliques and Crowds

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Kayla is typed as being a “mean girl” but enjoys a lot of popularity at school. Explain which kind of popularity Kayla exemplifies.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Popularity

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. What impact does peer rejection have on an adolescent?

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Peer Rejection

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. What impact does age hold for adolescents influenced by peer behavior?

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Pressure to Conform

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. What impact does status have on adolescents’ behavior to peer influence?

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Influences on Susceptibility to Peer Influence

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. What impact does age have on dating relationships in adolescence?

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Developmental Shifts in Dating

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. How are friendships and romantic relationships related in adolescence?

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Reasons for Dating

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. How are early dating and risky behaviors related?

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Dating and Psychosocial Adjustment

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. What impact does friendship dissolution have on an adolescent?

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Friendship Stability

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. How is attachment related to intimacy and autonomy in both parental and peer relationships?

Learning Objective: 9.1: Discuss the nature of friendship in adolescence.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Friendship and Adolescent Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Explain the different types of crowds in adolescence. Provide an example of an adolescent who belongs to one of these crowds.

Learning Objective: 9.2: Examine characteristics of the peer group and the impact of popularity, rejection, and victimization on development.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cliques and Crowds

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. What impact does peer influence have on prosocial behavior? Provide an example of how peer influence can affect adolescents’ prosocial behavior.

Learning Objective: 9.3: Discuss adolescents’ susceptibility to peer influence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Peer Influence on Prosocial Behavior

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. How do boys and girls compare and contrast in perpetration of dating violence?

Learning Objective: 9.4: Summarize what we know about dating in adolescence, including developmental trends and relation with adjustment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dating Violence

Difficulty Level: Medium