Fahey Ch.13 Exam Prep Substance Use and Misuse

Fit & Well (Fahey), 13e

Chapter 13 Substance Use and Misuse

1) Which is characteristic of psychoactive drugs?

A) They increase the rate of physiological functions.

B) They alter a person's state of mind or consciousness.

C) They affect only the brain and nerve cells.

D) They affect the liver and kidneys.

2) Which effect of alcohol is experienced by a shy person who drinks several alcoholic beverages at a party and becomes very loud and social?

A) abuse

B) tolerance

C) dependence

D) intoxication

3) Addictive behaviors are best defined as

A) physical dependencies.

B) psychological dependencies.

C) actions stemming from excessive drug use.

D) uncontrolled habits that affect health.

4) Which characteristic is associated with addictive behavior?

A) experimentation

B) improved control

C) compulsion or craving

D) positive consequences

5) What is a general characteristic of addictive behavior?

A) loss of control

B) lack of pleasure

C) benign consequences

D) an ability to scale down usage

6) When someone uses painkillers to relax rather than to treat physical pain, that person is

A) displaying impaired control.

B) engaging in escalation.

C) displaying addiction.

D) engaging in substance misuse.

7) The APA defines addiction as compulsive behavior that falls on one end of a continuum of

A) a substance use disorder.

B) intoxication.

C) substance abuse.

D) dependence.

8) Which term refers to the need for more of a substance to get the same desired effect?

A) withdrawal

B) tolerance

C) adjustment

D) dependence

9) Which is a characteristic that indicates substance or behavior dependence?

A) coping

B) withdrawal

C) anxiety

D) genetic predisposition

10) Which is true of compulsive gamblers?

A) They face consequences that are not just financial.

B) They can resist the urge to gamble.

C) They have a very low rate of suicide.

D) They rarely have problems with substance abuse.

11) Which characteristic places people at a higher risk for trying illicit drugs?

A) being a young female

B) having a strong personal identity

C) performing poorly in school

D) dating at a young age

12) Which is a strategy for reducing the number of deaths resulting from opioid overdoses?

A) prescribing opioids for pain relief

B) substituting marijuana for opioids

C) providing greater access to fentanyl

D) providing greater access to naloxone

13) Which is a true statement about MDMA?

A) It causes sedation and relaxation.

B) It may cause persistent memory problems.

C) It lowers core body temperature.

D) It belongs to the same class of drugs as heroin.

14) Which statement about GHB is true?

A) It causes stimulation.

B) Most forms sold are high-grade and pure.

C) It can cause amnesia.

D) It enhances sexual activities.

15) What is the psychoactive ingredient in alcoholic beverages?

A) rohypnol

B) ethyl alcohol

C) codeine

D) chloral hydrate

16) What is the alcohol concentration of a beverage that is 100 proof?

A) 200%

B) 100%

C) 50%

D) 10%

17) How much alcohol does a standard drink contain?

A) 0.6 ounce

B) 1 ounce

C) 1.5 ounces

D) 2 ounces

18) Which organ transforms alcohol into energy and other products?

A) the stomach

B) the small intestine

C) the pancreas

D) the liver

19) How much alcohol can the body metabolize in one hour?

A) 1/2 of a beer or drink

B) 1 beer or drink

C) 1 1/2 beers or drinks

D) 2 beers or drinks

20) What is one effect of alcohol on the body?

A) decreased flushing and sweating

B) increased aggressiveness

C) enhanced sexual functioning

D) increased motor coordination

21) What is a major warning sign of alcohol use disorder?

A) drinking in secret

B) drinking after driving

C) drinking with a group of people

D) drinking primarily at social gatherings

22) Which statement about treatments for alcoholism is true?

A) All alcoholics can be treated successfully.

B) Lifestyle management is one form of treatment.

C) The majority of alcoholics recover on their own.

D) Nearly all treatment programs focus on chemical substitutes.

23) How does the average life span of an alcohol misuser compare to the life span of moderate drinkers?

A) It is 2 years shorter.

B) It is 7 years shorter.

C) It is 9 years shorter.

D) It is 15 years shorter.

24) Which condition is associated with cirrhosis?

A) accelerated liver function

B) increased metabolism of alcohol

C) replacement of liver cells with fibrous scar tissue

D) destruction of digestive enzymes

25) Which type of cancer is related to alcohol?

A) prostate cancer

B) brain cancer

C) skin cancer

D) oral cancer

26) Which health condition is associated with chronic use of alcohol?

A) lack of motivation

B) diabetes

C) low blood pressure

D) kidney stones

27) Which of the following is characteristic of fetal alcohol syndrome?

A) large birth weight of affected babies

B) physical and mental impairments

C) found in 1 of every 10,000 live births

D) mental impairments that reverse by the age of 5

28) At what blood alcohol concentration (BAC) are people considered legally drunk?

A) at 0.08% BAC

B) at 0.10% BAC

C) at 0.15% BAC

D) at 0.20% BAC

29) Which problem are binge drinkers least likely to encounter?

A) engaging in unplanned sex

B) having a self-image as a problem drinker

C) driving while intoxicated

D) getting hurt or injured

30) Which represents responsible drinking behavior?

A) eating before drinking

B) drinking quickly

C) hoarding drinks

D) overdoing the loss of inhibition

31) According to the U.S. Surgeon General, what is the leading preventable cause of illness and death in the United States?

A) violence

B) smoking

C) alcoholism

D) high-fat diets

32) Which is the predominant psychoactive drug in tobacco?

A) ethanol

B) nicotine

C) carbon monoxide

D) formaldehyde

33) What is the hazardous substance in automobile exhaust that is also present in high concentrations in tobacco smoke?

A) nicotine

B) tar

C) hydrogen cyanide

D) carbon monoxide

34) Which is a major health hazard associated with tobacco use?

A) low blood pressure

B) skin rashes

C) emphysema

D) late menopause

35) What will a person who quits smoking experience in the first 48 hours?

A) decreased blood oxygen level

B) improved ability to taste

C) decreased circulation

D) increased sinus congestion

36) Which statement about clove cigarettes is true?

A) They are rolled in ebony leaves.

B) They contain twice as much tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide as regular cigarettes.

C) They contain less tar and nicotine than regular cigarettes.

D) They have a tart taste that irritates the mouth.

37) Which statement about spit tobacco is true?

A) It does not cause nicotine addiction.

B) It may increase the incidence of cheek cancer by 10 times.

C) It is linked to respiratory injuries.

D) It carries an increased risk of oral cancer.

38) Which byproduct is found in electronic cigarette vapor?

A) tar

B) formaldehyde

C) herbicide

D) carbon monoxide

39) What does environmental tobacco smoke encompass?

A) secondhand smoke and sidestream smoke

B) sidestream smoke and mainstream smoke

C) mainstream smoke and secondhand smoke

D) sidestream, mainstream and secondhand smoke

40) Which group of people are most severely affected by exposure to ETS?

A) young men

B) women over 40

C) men over 40

D) children

41) How does ETS primarily affect infants and toddlers?

A) It causes respiratory infections.

B) It increases hyperactivity.

C) It creates attention deficit problems.

D) It limits growth hormones.

42) Which of the following conditions is associated with smoking and pregnancy?

A) lower rates of premature delivery

B) longer attention spans in affected children

C) increased risk of ectopic pregnancy

D) lower rates of low activity in affected children

43) What is a recommended strategy for stopping smoking?

A) Use relaxation techniques when you have a craving.

B) Eat a high-fat diet.

C) Avoid telling others when the urge to smoke strikes.

D) Work without a schedule.

44) Which behavioral factors increase the chances of a smoker permanently quitting?

A) eating more snacks

B) exercising regularly

C) scheduling regular visits to the dentist

D) consuming alcohol

45) Intoxication is the use of a substance over a long period of time.

46) Recurrent drug use in situations in which it is physically hazardous is a symptom of a substance use disorder.

47) Ceasing to use a substance when recognizing that it is contributing to a psychological or physical problem is a symptom of a substance use disorder.

48) A common characteristic of an addiction is that the affected person will require more and more of the substance or behavior to produce the desired effect.

49) According to the most recent revision of the APA's DSM, a person is either an alcoholic or not.

50) A person has a substance use disorder only if that person displays physical symptoms of dependence.

51) Exercise, Internet gaming, and working can all become addictive behaviors.

52) Young, impoverished men are at greater risk of trying illegal drugs than the average person.

53) Prescription opioids include codeine and oxycodone.

54) Marijuana is the most widely used illicit drug in the United States.

55) MDMA is classified as an opioid.

56) Ecstasy reduces core body temperature.

57) The best method of treatment for drug abuse is peer counseling.

58) A woman's BAC will typically be higher than a man's BAC after consuming the same amount of alcohol.

59) The human body can metabolize approximately half a drink per hour.

60) Alcohol use contributes to over 40% of all murders, assaults, and rapes.

61) If someone is very drunk, it is best to get that person to drink coffee.

62) Cirrhosis involves the destruction of digestive enzymes.

63) Alcohol is a known human carcinogen.

64) Children with alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder are at increased risk for substance abuse problems in later life.

65) A person with a BAC of 0.08% is considered legally drunk.

66) Approximately 40% of college students reported engaging in binge drinking.

67) College students who are binge drinkers affect nondrinking students as well as themselves.

68) Binge drinking among college students is linked to lower academic performance.

69) Alcohol abuse is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States.

70) Addiction to tobacco results from dependence on nicotine.

71) Electronic cigarettes contain tobacco.

72) Undiluted sidestream smoke contains higher concentrations of toxic compounds than mainstream smoke.

73) Childhood learning disorders are linked to maternal smoking.

74) Quitting smoking is a single event, not an ongoing process.

75) Exercise can contribute to the success of one's efforts to stop smoking.

76) The FDA did not gain regulatory authority over tobacco products until 2009.

77) Define these key concepts relating to substance use and misuse: psychoactive drug, intoxication, substance misuse or abuse, tolerance, and withdrawal.

78) Your cousin confided that she thinks she might have a drug problem. She explained that lately she can think only about getting high and seems to need much more of the drug to achieve that high. She is having difficulty in school and has been reprimanded at her job for being late. She has tried to cut back on her use of the drug, but she got sick every time she tried to quit. What characteristics from the APA's criteria for diagnosis of substance use disorder does she display?

79) Explain the concepts of intoxication and blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Describe the common physical, emotional, and behavioral effects of alcohol consumption at low and high BACs.

80) You come upon a friend who has been drinking heavily and appears to be "sleeping it off." Describe in detail what steps you should take to keep your friend safe. In addition, list at least three factors that would indicate that your friend may need immediate medical assistance.

81) Define binge drinking for men and women, and list at least five serious problems associated with binge drinking on college campuses. The problems identified may be things experienced by drinking students and by nondrinking students.

82) Describe strategies for responsible drinking. List at least three things that an individual drinker can do to keep her or his drinking and behavior under control. Then list at least three strategies that people can utilize to promote responsible attitudes and drinking behavior in others.

83) Describe at least five negative health consequences of smoking.

84) Choose one of the forms of tobacco other than ordinary cigarettes. Explain what it is, how it is used, and its health effects.

85) List and describe at least five negative health consequences of smoking that affect nonsmokers. Include effects caused by exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and by smoking during pregnancy.

86) Amiti currently smokes one pack of cigarettes a day. She typically smokes with her morning coffee, after meals, in her car, and when hanging out with her friends who smoke. Identify five actions or strategies that Amiti can use to increase her chances of successfully quitting.