Ch15 Full Test Bank Environmental Health

Fit & Well (Fahey), 13e

Chapter 15 Environmental Health

1) Which term refers to the collective interactions of humans with the environment and the short-term and long-term health consequences of those interactions?

A) environment

B) environmental health

C) planetary health

D) population health

2) The implementation of regular garbage collection, sewage treatment, food inspection, and other steps to preserve public health happened partly as a result of the discovery of ________, which are microorganisms that result in diseases.

A) plague

B) insects

C) pathogens

D) pollutants

3) What causes most of the stress humans have put on the environment?

A) air pollution

B) water pollution

C) the rapid expansion of the population

D) the loss of the ozone layer

4) The factors that contribute to population growth do not include

A) climate change.

B) lack of family planning resources.

C) lower death rates.

D) high fertility rates.

5) Which primary factor may put a cap on human population?

A) employment

B) available air

C) heredity

D) energy

6) What does the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency call the measurement that indicates whether air pollution levels pose a health concern?

A) Air Control Index

B) Air Quality Index

C) Pollution Index

D) Air Pollution Index

7) What does the Air Quality Index measure?

A) carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, and ground-level ozone

B) carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxidane, particulate matter, and ground-level ozone

C) sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, and ground-level ozone

D) carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, oxidane, and nitrogen dioxide

8) Today, the term smog refers to what combination?

A) fossil gases and smoke

B) greenhouse gases and particulate matter

C) a mix of pollutants, including ground-level ozone

D) smoke and fog

9) What is causing an increase in the earth's atmospheric temperature?

A) the position of the sun

B) use of alternative fuels

C) greenhouse gases

D) thickening of the ozone layer

10) What is the term for the fragile, invisible layer of the atmosphere about 10 to 30 miles above the earth's surface that shields the planet from the sun's hazardous ultraviolet rays?

A) the fossil layer

B) the greenhouse shield

C) the VOC

D) the ozone layer

11) What is primarily destroying the ozone layer of the atmosphere?

A) chlorofluorocarbons

B) sulfur dioxide

C) nitrogen dioxide

D) ground-level ozone

12) Which substance is a major indoor air pollutant?

A) chlorofluorocarbons

B) carbon dioxide

C) nitrogen dioxide

D) mold

13) Which suggestion could help reduce air pollution?

A) Replace compact fluorescent bulbs with incandescent bulbs.

B) Discard paint properly after it has been used.

C) Keep your car tuned up and well maintained.

D) Use an inside-venting hood when cooking.

14) What process has been used to treat water and reduce tooth decay by up to 40% since 1945?

A) fluoridation

B) lead filtration

C) polychlorinated biphenyls

D) biomagnification

15) Which suggestion could help protect the water supply?

A) Take baths, not showers.

B) Fix leaky faucets in your home.

C) Remove faucet aerators.

D) Pour old medications down the drain.

16) What is the biggest single component of household trash by weight?

A) paper products

B) yard waste

C) plastics

D) metals

17) What is the process by which living organisms break down organic substances?

A) biodegradation

B) recycling

C) e-waste

D) biomagnification

18) Which consumer habit would be most beneficial for the environment?

A) choosing products in single-use containers

B) choosing plastic rather than paper shopping bags

C) purchasing recycled products with little packaging

D) using foil and plastic wrap to store leftover food

19) What mineral-based compound was widely used for fire protection and insulation in buildings until the late 1960s?

A) asbestos

B) lead

C) pesticides

D) mercury

20) Which element has created unsafe levels in the blood of 500,000 children one to five years old, according to the CDC?

A) asbestos

B) lead

C) pesticides

D) mercury

21) What chemicals are used primarily for two purposes: to prevent the spread of insect-born disease and to maximize food production by killing insects that eat crops?

A) polychlorinated biphenyls

B) pesticides

C) elements

D) solvents

22) What toxin affects the nervous system; may damage the brain, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract; and may increase heart attack risk?

A) polychlorinated biphenyls

B) mercury

C) potassium

D) asbestos

23) Which of the following comes in different forms such as ultraviolet rays, microwaves, or X-rays and from different sources such as the sun, uranium, and nuclear weapons?

A) asthma

B) lead poisoning

C) radiation

D) biomagnification

24) The intensity of a sound wave is measured in

A) wave length.

B) decibels.

C) lumens.

D) grams.

25) Which of the following statements is true about noise pollution?

A) Hearing damage can occur after eight hours of exposure to sounds of 50 decibels.

B) Children are more sensitive than adults and may experience damage at lower noise levels.

C) Permanent hearing damage will not occur when listening to sounds quieter than 100 decibels.

D) There are no laws regarding noise levels at concert, at sporting events, or in the workplace.

26) The field of environmental health grew out of efforts to control communicable diseases.

27) The United Nations projects that the world population will reach 9.7 billion by 2050.

28) For the first time in history, there is currently a greater number of older people than young children.

29) Air pollution is a new problem.

30) The term "smog" was first used in the early 1900s in London to describe the combination of smoke and fog.

31) The greenhouse effect is an increase in the earth's atmospheric temperature when averaged across seasons and geographical regions.

32) Greenhouse gas is a gas or vapor that traps infrared radiation instead of allowing it to escape through the atmosphere, resulting in a warming of the earth.

33) There is a growing consensus that human activity is causing global warming, or climate change.

34) Per capita, Americans are the biggest energy consumers in the world.

35) Indoor mold is an indoor air pollutant.

36) Fluoridation is a water treatment process that reduces tooth decay by 5% to 40% and has been used successfully in the United States for more than 70 years.

37) The diversion of water from lakes and rivers for irrigation is reducing the amount of water available to local communities.

38) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been linked to long-term health consequences including cancer and damage to the central nervous system.

39) Taking a bath typically uses less water than taking a shower.

40) The biggest single component of household trash by weight is yard waste.

41) The term biodegradable means that certain products can break down naturally, safely, and quickly into the raw materials of nature, then disappear back into the environment.

42) Batteries and fluorescent lights are not recyclable and should be thrown into the trash.

43) Chemical pollution is a new problem created by humans in the last 300 years.

44) Lead-based paints are the primary source of environmental lead, even though they have not been permitted in residential use since 1978.

45) Residents of poor and minority communities often receive more exposure to environmental toxins than people who live in wealthier communities.

46) Gamma rays produced by radioactive sources such as nuclear weapons, nuclear energy plants, and radon gas, are the type of radiation that pose the greatest health concern.

47) Radioactive waste from nuclear power plants is disposed of in sanitary landfills.

48) Radiation from microwave ovens, high-voltage power lines, and computer monitors has been proven to have a negative impact on health.

49) Permanent hearing damage can occur through regular exposure to sounds louder than 100 decibels, even if the exposure lasts for only one minute each time.

50) Experts recommend using earbuds instead of earmuff-style headphones to listen to music.

51) Define environmental health, and briefly describe why the field of environmental health was created.

52) Describe the factors that contribute to population growth.

53) Describe the Air Quality Index's five major air pollutants.

54) Describe how global warming, the greenhouse effect, and greenhouse gases affect human lives.

55) Describe how and why the ozone layer of the atmosphere is thinning.

56) Describe key strategies for controlling energy use.

57) Describe "alternative fuels" and their part in the future.

58) Describe various types of indoor air pollution and one way it has affected you personally.

59) Describe methods to help protect the water supply.

60) Describe various methods for reducing solid waste.

61) Describe habits that can help make you into a green consumer.

62) Discuss ways to prevent chemical pollution.

63) List and give examples of the different forms of radiation.

64) Describe steps you can take to reduce your exposure to radiation.

65) Identify the levels at which noise poses a danger to hearing, and describe at least three things you can do to reduce or eliminate your exposure to harmful levels of noise.