Exam Questions Child Development Chapter.2

Chapter 02. Child Development

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Which developmental theory has had the most long-term impact on the practice of pediatric physical therapy?

____ 2. Which developmental theory enlightened us regarding the importance of early learning?

____ 3. When working with a teenager having a developmental disability, which theory would probably guide your work today as a physical therapist?

____ 4. Your best friend from high school expresses concern that there is something wrong with his 12-month-old son. At this age, a typical 12-month-old can:

____ 5. Your best friend from college expresses concern that there is something wrong with her 4-month-old son. At this age, a typical 4-month-old can:

____ 6. Your neighbors are concerned that there is something wrong with their 6-month-old son. At this age, a typical 6-month-old can:

____ 7. Which of the following are “red flags” as possible indications of atypical motor development in an infant?

____ 8. What is the youngest age group that would be expected to be able to independently go up and down stairs alternating steps, catch a ball if prepared, jump 2 to 3 inches, hop 8 to 10 steps, throw a ball and hit a target, roller skate, and ride a bike?

____ 9. An infant demonstrates the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex has integrated by:

____ 10. The bidirectional nature of the relationship and context of the interplay of the child and environment is addressed in which model or view of development?

____ 11. Structural abnormalities of chromosomes may involve:

____ 12. In autosomal dominant inheritance:

____ 13. Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of the infant being:

____ 14. The benefits of breast milk for an infant may include:

____ 15. A “sensitive period” is a:

____ 16. Fetal limb movements:

____ 17. The sequence of infant rolling over is:

____ 18. Hand and knees creeping in infants:

____ 19. By 24 months of age, a toddler should:

____ 20. One of the constraints an infant has in being able to extend his head in prone is:

____ 21. An infant has just begun to pull to stand through kneeling, still demonstrates plantar grasp in standing, and is independent in sitting including all protective reactions. This infant’s chronological age is approximately:

____ 22. All of the following primitive reflexes should be integrated by the age of 7 months except:

____ 23. A full-term, typically developing neonate compared to a 12-month-old will have:

____ 24. In children, heel strike:

____ 25. A child typically uses two- to three-word phrases by:

____ 26. Play in young children might include:

____ 27. When an adolescent with a disability is delayed from going through the stages of psychosocial development, all of the following might occur except:

____ 28. The most serious disorders and usually death are seen in infants having chromosomal:

____ 29. The most serious effects of maternal alcohol consumption on the infant are seen when the mother drinks heavily in the:

____ 30. Maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy might cause the infant to:

____ 31. In children with disabilities, obesity can lead to:

____ 32. When does successful goal-directed reaching typically first occur in infants?

____ 33. Epigenetics involves:

____ 34. A 7-month-old boy presents for a physical therapy evaluation regarding his gross motor development. You screen his primitive reflexes. The infant demonstrates integration of the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR) when:

____ 35. Your cousin expresses concern that her 12-month-old is demonstrating developmental delays. At this age, a typically developing 12-month-old can:

____ 36. When evaluating the stair climbing skills of a 5-year-old boy in the outpatient setting, you note that the child can walk up 4 steps without a hand rail with a nonreciprocal pattern, left lower extremity leading. He walks down 4 steps with one rail with a nonreciprocal pattern, right lower extremity leading. Based on this observation, which of the following is true?

____ 37. A 2-year-old presents to physical therapy with a diagnosis of gross motor delay. Which of the following are components of the gait pattern of a typically developing, ambulatory 2-year-old walker?

Short Answer

38. What factors have been shown to correlate with positive child development?

39. What are two things a potential mother can do preconception to improve her health as recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention? ____________________

40. Name three characteristics of immature movement patterns.

True/False

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

____ 41. Genomic imprinting indicates that conditions will vary depending on whether the trait is inherited from the mother or father. For example, if the child inherits deletion of the long arm of chromosome 15 from the father, the child will have Prader-Willi syndrome; if inherited from the mother, the child will have Angelman syndrome.

____ 42. The only developed nation of the world that does not provide paid maternity leave is the United States.

____ 43. During the first year of life, the infant progresses through a rapid transformation in postural control and locomotion and appreciable differences begin to be seen between boys and girls.

____ 44. There is great variability in an infant’s prone progression of crawling and creeping.

____ 45. Anticipatory postural control in sitting occurs once the infant is able to walk.

____ 46. Increased fitness, especially aerobic capacity, is associated with academic success.

____ 47. Chromosomal microarray analysis can be used to test for known DNA sequences.

____ 48. An infant’s environment in the womb has little effect on his health as an adult.

Chapter 02