Exam Questions Chapter.16 Environment Disaster and Risk

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 1

1) One reason why hurricanes have been increasingly dangerous is because more people live in areas where they hit. Another is that

Page reference: p. 471 “Living in Risk Society”

a. they are more powerful

b. they are less powerful, so people take them less seriously and are less likely to evacuate in advance of them

c. more people have lived through previous hurricanes and erroneously believe that they can live through future ones, regardless of intensity

d. our weather forecasting techniques and technologies are less accurate than before

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 2

2) Which 2017 hurricane destroyed more than 100,000 homes in Houston, Texas?

Feedback Hurricane Harvey wreaked destruction in one of America’s largest cities.

Page reference: p. 469 “Living in Risk Society”

a. Hurricane Harvey

b. Hurricane Maria

c. Hurricane Agnes

d. Superstorm Sandy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 3

3) Which U.S. island saw nearly one-third of its homes destroyed in 2017’s Hurricane Maria?

Page reference: p. 469 “Living in Risk Society”

a. Puerto Rico

b. Three Mile Island

c. Hawai’i

d. Hatteras Island

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 4

4) The idea that the choices we make to live in a modern society—one with technological advances and the changes in social relationships that make them possible—create dangers for us is central to

Page reference: p. 470 “Living in Risk Society”

a. The Environment: From Surplus to Scarcity by Allan Schnaiberg

b. Risk Society by Ulrich Beck

c. An Inconvenient Truth, a documentary featuring Al Gore

d. The Politics of Climate Change by Anthony Giddens

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 5

5) Living in a risk society means that people

Page reference: p. 471 “Living in Risk Society”

a. make rational choices about danger

b. are equally able to influence policy decisions that impact their lives

c. cannot protect themselves from risk-produced crisis

d. must be personally responsible for their own safety

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 6

6) Can you ever escape a risk society?

Page reference: p. 471 “Living in Risk Society”

a. Yes, by living “off grid”—away from the social relationships that increase your risk of harm.

b. Yes, by working together with others to eliminate all risk.

c. No, but you can radically reduce it by disengaging from risky activities like smoking or driving.

d. No, because new risks emerge with new technologies, business practices, and political policies.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 6

7) Ecological modernization theory says that people will develop sustainable practices to lower environmental risk as

Page reference: p. 471 “Living in Risk Society”

a. expert knowledge becomes more available and people’s consciousness is raised

b. they personally come to know someone hurt by climate change

c. they see their financial investments negatively impacted by environmental disasters

d. journalistic coverage of the international crises produced by climate change increases

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 8

8) According to Ulrich Beck, the increasing number of environmental crises

Page reference: p. 471 “Living in Risk Society”

a. diminishes trust among community members as they blame each other for the lack of disaster preparation in a community

b. increases trust among community members as they support each other in times of dire trouble

c. diminishes trust in government as people see that their political leaders are incapable of or unwilling to address the root problems of environmental degradation

d. increases trust in government as people see tax money being used for helping others in the most urgent of situations

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 9

9) Societies today face ______________________ than previous generations.

Page reference: p. 471 “Living in Risk Society”

a. more risks but with fewer negative impacts

b. fewer but more dangerous risks

c. less frequent and less dangerous risks

d. greater risks of great negative impact

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 10

10) You are a member of your city’s disaster preparedness team preparing for a hurricane to make landfall. While you will be thinking about each of the questions below, which one reflects risk management thinking?

Page reference: p. 470-471 “Living in Risk Society”

a. What reasons do people give for failing to follow evacuation orders?

b. What is the proper pay rate for emergency first responders during a crisis?

c. Is it safer to release low-level offenders from prison so that they can evacuate themselves or to keep them in the city jail with few guards, increasing the chance of violence within the jail, including against guards?

d. How many gallons of clean drinking water should each home have on stock?

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 11

11) We struggle to act on climate change because we are preoccupied with the urgent but less important work of everyday life and cannot easily see how the abstract but looming problem of environmental disaster is a major concern, is the argument made in

Page reference: p. 471-472 “Learning about the Environment: Culture & Socialization, Science & Religion”

a. The Environment: From Surplus to Scarcity by Allan Schnaiberg

b. Risk Society by Ulrich Beck

c. An Inconvenient Truth, a documentary featuring Al Gore

d. The Politics of Climate Change by Anthony Giddens

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 12

12) According to research on why people resist acting to protect the environment, people are more likely to change their habits if they

Page reference: p. 472 “Learning about the Environment: Culture & Socialization, Science & Religion”

a. are lectured by someone they see as an expert

b. are scolded by political leaders

c. have a good understanding of the technical and scientific aspects of climate change

d. learn about the environment in ways that are connected to their other socialization and cultural experiences

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 13

13) Climate change is a huge threat to human existence, and yet most people cannot see that because they are busy living their lives. This is termed

Page reference: p. 472 “Learning about the Environment: Culture & Socialization, Science & Religion”

a. Gidden’s Law

b. Gidden’s Principle

c. Gidden’s Maxim

d. Gidden’s Paradox

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 14

14) For people to act on climate change, they need to

Page reference: p. 472 “Learning about the Environment: Culture & Socialization, Science & Religion”

a. be willing to ignore their own environmentally damaging behaviors so that they are not overwhelmed by shame

b. understand the science behind it

c. believe that their actions matter

d. first give up all hope

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 15

15) Which 2006 documentary featuring Al Gore won an Academy Award for its argument that people must act to prevent climate disaster?

Page reference: p. 472 “Learning about the Environment: Culture & Socialization, Science & Religion”

a. The Environment: From Surplus to Scarcity

b. Risk Society

c. An Inconvenient Truth

d. The Politics of Climate Change

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 16

16) According to Philip Smith and Nicholas Howe, former vice-president Al Gore has been a successful spokesperson for addressing climate change because he

Page reference: p. 472 “Learning about the Environment: Culture & Socialization, Science & Religion”

a. compellingly communicates his own story of developing an environmental consciousness

b. is a trained scientist with a PhD in environmental science

c. uses religious, not scientific, appeals

d. discounts the credibility of science and instead asks people to look at their own experiences for evidence of climate change

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 17

17) If you wanted to follow Philip Smith and Nicholas Howe’s advice for convincing people to act on climate change, you could

Page reference: p. 472 “Learning about the Environment: Culture & Socialization, Science & Religion”

a. support STEM education in public schools

b. use PowerPoint slides to talk about climate change

c. remind people of the times the world has defeated other evils, like Nazis

d. teach people to observe their own world for evidence of environmental disaster

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 18

18) What is one reason why religious believers may be less lightly than people who are not religious to be concerned about climate change?

Page reference: p. 473 “Learning about the Environment: Culture & Socialization, Science & Religion”

a. Historic attacks on religion from science have soured relationships between religion and science for some religious believers.

b. Religious believers think that climate change is happening but believe that, because of their religion, they are immune from its consequences.

c. Religious believers do not believe in science at all, which is why they also reject modern medicine and technology.

d. Scientists refuse to communicate to religious believers because they feel that religious bodies have too often tried to undermine science.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 19

19) Many scientific articles about climate change have been published in scholarly journals. What percent of these deny that climate change is real or say that it is real but not caused by humans?

Page reference: p. 473 “Learning about the Environment: Culture & Socialization, Science & Religion”

a. 3%

b. 33%

c. 53%

d. 73%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 20

20) How can journalism’s effort to report without bias contribute to climate change denialism?

Page reference: p. 473 “Learning about the Environment: Culture & Socialization, Science & Religion”

a. Because they are committed to citing credible sources, journalists are unable to locate many scholarly sources that say that climate change is not real or does not have human causes. This causes readers who want to hear that argument to do their own online research, and then they often find themselves reading information from conspiracy theorists.

b. Journalists often try to present “both sides of a story,” but claims that climate change is not real or has no human causes is not credible, so including that “side” of this story suggests that there is scientific debate when there is, in reality, strong consensus.

c. Because they want to appeal to a wide range of readers or viewers, journalists hesitate to report on the most frightening stories about climate change, which then makes readers and viewers underestimate the danger.

d. Because news media often relies on the sale of advertising, they are inherently biased in favor of corporations and thus are unlikely to report on the main cause of pollution: the quest for profit.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 21

21) Which of the following statements about the distribution of environmental risk is accurate?

Page reference: p. 473 “The Unequal Distribution of Environmental Risk”

a. Poor and rich people face equal environmental risk.

b. Rich people face greater environmental risk than poor people.

c. Poor people face greater environmental risk than rich people.

d. Poor people used to face greater environmental risk than rich people, but now they face the same environmental risk.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 22

22) Which of these statements about the distribution of environmental risk is accurate?

Page reference: p. 473 “The Unequal Distribution of Environmental Risk”

a. White people and people of color in the U.S. face the same environmental risk.

b. People of color in the U.S. face greater environmental risk than do white people.

c. White people in the U.S. face greater environmental risk than do people of color.

d. People of color in the U.S. used to face greater environmental risk than white people, but now they face the same level of risk.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 23

23) Which of the following statements about the distribution of environmental risk is accurate?

Page reference: p. 474 “The Unequal Distribution of Environmental Risk”

a. Globally, people in rich and poor nations face the same environmental risk.

b. Globally, people in poor nations face greater environmental risk than do people in rich nations.

c. Globally, people in rich nations face greater environmental risk than do people in poor nations.

d. Globally, people in poor nations used to face more environmental risk than do people in rich nations, but now their risk is the same.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 24

24) Why are African American households more likely than white households to have exposure to lead from their environment?

Page reference: p. 474 “The Unequal Distribution of Environmental Risk”

a. They are more likely to buy antiques, which sometimes are painted with lead paint.

b. They are often poorer, which means they are less able to move into places where lead exposure is lessened.

c. They are less likely to believe in the risks of lead exposure, so they do not take precautions against it.

d. They are more likely to buy products with lead in them, such as toys imported from nations with fewer consumer protections.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 25

25) Concentrated disadvantage describes the way that

Page reference: p. 474 “The Unequal Distribution of Environmental Risk”

a. children in urban areas have a higher rate of asthma due to air pollution

b. the threat of climate change forges unions between people who would otherwise see themselves as enemies

c. the already-disadvantaged suffer the most from environmental risk

d. wealthy nations become exporters of green technologies to poorer nations

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 26

26) Whether measuring climate change in crop yields, loss of land due to rising sea levels, economic damage from floods and hurricanes, or changes in healthcare expenditures, the worst impacts will be felt in

Page reference: p. 474 “The Unequal Distribution of Environmental Risk”

a. Australasia, the Caribbean, and Mexico

b. Africa, Latin America, and South Asia

c. Canada, Siberia, and the U.S. West Coast

d. North Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 27

27) From the perspectives of poor nations, environmental regulation at the global level

Page reference: p. 474 “The Unequal Distribution of Environmental Risk”

a. is finally a recognition of the interconnectedness of the nations of the world

b. is an opportunity to export traditional technologies, such as animal-powered farm equipment, to wealthy nations seeking new ways of reducing environmental risk

c. works to equalize power among nations as all countries must contribute to the solution to climate change

d. may be seen as a way for wealthy nations to force poor ones to import expensive green technologies and thus increase dependency on wealthy nations

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 28

28) Which of the following is NOT a reason why poor nations may resist global policies to address environmental damage?

Page reference: p. 474 “The Unequal Distribution of Environmental Risk”

a. They have fewer material resources to address infrastructure problems.

b. They have less to fear from climate change and so less motivation to address it.

c. They have less technical expertise to develop green technologies.

d. They have more immediate priorities even than climate change, such as political disorder.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 29

29) The higher levels of consumption in wealthy societies is associated with

Page reference: p. 474 “The Unequal Distribution of Environmental Risk”

a. the same per-capita waste per person as in poorer nations because of policies that require businesses to pay for the cost of waste, which incentives less waste

b. the same per-capita waste per person as in poorer nations because of better recycling programs that divert and reuse waste

c. significantly higher levels of per-capita waste

d. significantly lower levels of per-capita waste

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 30

30) Multinational corporations are able to prevent the implementation of policies to address pollution because

Page reference: p. 474 “The Unequal Distribution of Environmental Risk”

a. they threaten to shift production to nations with more lax regulations—so the air pollution will occur somewhere regardless of a single nation’s laws against it

b. there are no international treaties to discourage pollution

c. they are able to produce goods to sell in any nation

d. they already consider the cost of environmental remediation (fixing the problems that pollution causes) in their budgets

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 31

31) Which book argues that argues that the continuous quest for economic growth encourages businesses to pursue strategies that cause environmental damage?

Page reference: p. 474 “The Politics and Business of Environmental Destruction and Conservation”

a. The Environment: From Surplus to Scarcity

b. Risk Society

c. An Inconvenient Truth,

d. The Politics of Climate Change

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 32

32) Who, according to Allan Schnaiberg, bears most responsibility for the mass consumption that occurs in wealthy nations?

Page reference: p. 474 “The Politics and Business of Environmental Destruction and Conservation”

a. Corporations, which seek profit regardless of environmental damage

b. Consumers, who refuse to limit their consumption habits

c. Politicians, who do not care about the environmental impacts

d. Landfill owners, who profit from waste

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 33

33) Corporations produce more than people need, and people consume more than they need, which leads to more production of things they don’t need. This is Allan Schnaiberg’s concept of

Page reference: p. 474 “The Politics and Business of Environmental Destruction and Conservation”

a. the treadmill of production

b. the cycle of spending

c. the mountain of garbage

d. consumer goods as pre-trash

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 34

34) When politicians do not hold businesses accountable for their pollution, which of the following does NOT happen?

Page reference: p. 475 “The Politics and Business of Environmental Destruction and Conservation”

a. The public loses confidence that the government can address social problems.

b. The public loses confidence that government can solve complex problems.

c. Businesses generate regulations within their own industries in order to make themselves accountable.

d. Pollution increases.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 35

35) A senator up for re-election talks about bringing down the cost of gasoline so that American drivers are not paying as much at the pump and so that shipping companies can save money—savings, he says, that will be passed on to the consumer. By focusing his concern on the financial cost of gas rather that the high environmental costs of gasoline use, the senator is

Page reference: p. 475 “The Politics and Business of Environmental Destruction and Conservation”

a. arguing that high gasoline costs make it harder to raise taxes on gasoline since consumers will only tolerate gas prices of a certain amount before they stop driving

b. prioritizing short-term gains over long-term dangers

c. arguing that hybrid and electric cars, which use less gas, should be taxed more at the point of purchase (a sales tax) since their drivers contribute less in fuel tax but still use roads that are maintained through fuel taxes

d. prioritizing road, bridge, and other infrastructure maintenance over the environmental damage done by such projects

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 36

36) A lobbyist for the coal industry might

Page reference: p. 475 “The Politics and Business of Environmental Destruction and Conservation”

a. assist coalminers in being retrained for other jobs to prepare for the end of the coal industry

b. write to rich investors and ask them to divest from coal and reinvest their money in socially responsible stocks and bonds

c. meet with politicians to convince them of the safety of the coal industry

d. lead a boycott of companies that rely on coal-generated electricity

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 37

37) Dominic and Patrick are building a house together. They tell their architect that they want to use clean energy to provide power to their house. Which of the following would the architect NOT suggest?

Page reference: p. 475 “The Politics and Business of Environmental Destruction and Conservation”

a. Wind, which generates energy from the movement of a windmill

b. Solar, which captures energy from the sun to provide electricity

c. Geothermal, which draws heat from the ground to warm the house

d. Oil, which is burned in a furnace to heat the house

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 38

38) Energy production from ______ is now the fastest-growing form of energy globally.

Page reference: p. 475 “The Politics and Business of Environmental Destruction and Conservation”

a. wind

b. coal

c. water

d. solar

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 39

39) Which nation is now the global leader in renewable energy production and manufacturing?

Page reference: p. 475 “The Politics and Business of Environmental Destruction and Conservation”

a. China

b. India

c. Russia

d. The U.S.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 40

40) Which nation currently produces more greenhouse gasses than any other?

Page reference: p. 475 “The Politics and Business of Environmental Destruction and Conservation”

a. China

b. India

c. Russia

d. The U.S.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 41

41) Conservation movements, which led to the development of the U.S.’s National Parks Service, began in

Page reference: p. 475 “Making Wastefulness Deviant: Movements of Environmental Consciousness”

a. the late 1700s, right at the start of the nation

b. the early 1800s

c. the late 1800s

d. the mid 1900s

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 42

42) The modern environmental movement was first inspired by concerns about

Page reference: p. 475 “Making Wastefulness Deviant: Movements of Environmental Consciousness”

a. overfishing, whaling, and water pollutions

b. acid rain and a hole in the ozone layer

c. deforestation, especially of rainforests

d. nuclear power and nuclear weapons

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 43

43) What holiday was first organized in 1970 as an environmental teach-in?

Page reference: p. 476 “Making Wastefulness Deviant: Movements of Environmental Consciousness”

a. World Wetlands Day (February 2) b. America Recycles Day (November 15) c. Arbor Day (the last Friday in April) d. Earth Day (April 22)

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 44

44) In 1989, Alaska faced a major environmental crisis when

Page reference: p. 476 “Making Wastefulness Deviant: Movements of Environmental Consciousness”

a. a hurricane overwhelmed a city’s pumping system, leading to widespread flooding at the same time that a city dam collapsed

b. an earthquake and the tsunami it created overwhelmed a nuclear power plant leading to three nuclear meltdowns and the release of nuclear contaminants

c. the Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded, spilling oil into the water for 6 months before being sealed

d. an oil tanker rammed a reef, spilling 10.8 million gallons of oil into environmentally important and fragile waterways

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 45

45) In 2010, the states of Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida faced a major environmental crisis when

Page reference: p. 476 “Making Wastefulness Deviant: Movements of Environmental Consciousness”

a. a hurricane overwhelmed a city’s pumping system, leading to widespread flooding at the same time that a city dam collapsed

b. an earthquake and the tsunami it created overwhelmed a nuclear power plant leading to three nuclear meltdowns and the release of nuclear contaminants

c. the Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded, spilling oil into the water for 6 months before being sealed

d. an oil tanker rammed a reef, spilling 10.8 million gallons of oil into environmentally important and fragile waterways

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 46

46) In 2011, Japan faced a major environmental crisis when

Page reference: p. 476 “Making Wastefulness Deviant: Movements of Environmental Consciousness”

a. a hurricane overwhelmed a city’s pumping system, leading to widespread flooding at the same time that a city dam collapsed

b. an earthquake and the tsunami it created overwhelmed a nuclear power plant leading to three nuclear meltdowns and the release of nuclear contaminants

c. the Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded, spilling oil into the water for 6 months before being sealed

d. an oil tanker rammed a reef, spilling 10.8 million gallons of oil into environmentally important and fragile waterways

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 47

47) Which environmental organization’s focus is on wildlife protection?

Page reference: p. 476 “Making Wastefulness Deviant: Movements of Environmental Consciousness”

a. Greenpeace

b. Appiko Movement

c. Break Free

d. World Wildlife Fund

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 48

48) Which social movement seeks to convince business leaders to adopt sustainable and environmentally responsible practices?

Page reference: p. 476 “Making Wastefulness Deviant: Movements of Environmental Consciousness”

a. Socially responsible investing

b. Boycott, divest, and sanction

c. Greenwashing

d. Consolidated disadvantage

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 49

49) When your favorite soft drink includes a statement on its plastic bottle saying that it is made of 100% recycled materials, the soft drink company is

Page reference: p. 476 “Making Wastefulness Deviant: Movements of Environmental Consciousness”

a. encouraging consumers to drink from glass bottles or aluminum cans instead

b. encouraging consumers to drink less soda because it is stored in recycled bottles

c. encouraging consumers to recycle because the company loves the planet.

d. encouraging brand loyalty through the advertising of its environmental friendliness

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 50

50) Which political party’s platform focuses on environmental issues?

Page reference: p. 476-477 “Making Wastefulness Deviant: Movements of Environmental Consciousness”

a. The Green Party

b. The Democratic Party

c. The Working Families Party

d. The Social Democratic Party

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 51

51) In general, what kind of environmental movement has been most successful?

Page reference: p. 477 “Sociological Realism: Limits on Environmental Progress”

a. Those asking ordinary people to make changes to their everyday habits

b. Those seeking international policy changes

c. Those that address the behavior of corporations

d. Those that that appeal to religion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 52

52) Early anti-littering campaigns were often engineered by

Page reference: p. 477 “Sociological Realism: Limits on Environmental Progress”

a. seed companies who wanted to promote highway beautification efforts because this led to the sale of flower seeds

b. prisons because prisoners could be leased from the state to do highway clean up

c. packaging companies because this put responsibility for garbage on individual people rather than on the companies who make trash

d. politicians who wanted to appear as if they cared about the environment but who would not do the work of holding corporate polluters accountable for their actions

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 53

53) The “Keep America Beautiful Campaign” is aimed at stopping

Page reference: p. 477 “Sociological Realism: Limits on Environmental Progress”

a. littering

b. air pollution

c. poorly maintained, polluting automobiles

d. gas-powered leaf blowers

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 54

54) In 2019, the U.S. Department of Energy, under the presidency of Donald Trump, began to revise rules about dishwasher design. Previously, dishwashers were required to use less water and energy, which required them to use more time in order to clean dishes effectively. The new rule would allow dishwashers to consume more water and energy in order to operate faster. The argument about dishwasher energy use became a symbolic fight for many Trump supporters in the fight against environmental regulation. Their support for a measure that uses water and energy unnecessarily is an example of

Page reference: p. 477 “Sociological Realism: Limits on Environmental Progress”

a. risk society

b. consolidated disadvantage

c. backlash

d. risk management

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 55

55) Why have environmental movements typically been more successful in Europe, North America, and Asia?

Page reference: p. 477 “Sociological Realism: Limits on Environmental Progress”

a. These places face greater risk from environmental degradation and so are more motivated to address it.

b. These places have long traditions of care for Earth that are not present in other societies.

c. The affluence of nations in those places allows people to engage in a post-material politics.

d. The people there are more deeply connected to their land than in other places and so want to care for it.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 56

56) Pit latrines (also called pit toilets) are a common kind of toilet in poorer nations. They collect human waste in a hole about 10 feet deep and 3 feet wide. While pit latrines can contribute to pollution of groundwater, they are much safer than open defecation. You are a sanitation engineer from a non-profit agency from a wealthy nation trying to convince people in a small town in a poor nation to replace open defecation with pit toilets. What strategy would work best?

Page reference: p. 478 “Sociological Realism: Limits on Environmental Progress”

a. Convincing your national legislators to withhold humanitarian aid to this nation until they agree to sign contracts to purchase pit latrines from manufacturers located in your nation

b. Providing photos of people in your country using pit latrines, which are common in state parks

c. Offering free public lectures about the science of sanitation to the community

d. Convincing local community leaders to install pit toilets around their own homes and businesses so that other members of the community can see these high-prestige people using them

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 57

57) The free-rider problem occurs when

Page reference: p. 478 “Sociological Realism: Limits on Environmental Progress”

a. individuals do not act in a way that benefits the group unless it also advances their personal interests

b. an individual or company seeks economic gain without giving back to society

c. a company is forced to provide a plan for managing its waste without passing the cost of doing so along to the public

d. affluent nations with long histories of mass consumption insist that poorer nations curtail their consumer habits out of concern for the environment

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 58

58) After the Kyoto Protocol was signed in 1997, global greenhouse gas emissions

Page reference: p. 478 “Sociological Realism: Limits on Environmental Progress”

a. increased

b. declined

c. stayed the same

d. increased rapidly, then declined rapidly

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 59

59) The Paris Agreement

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a. allows each nation to set its own targets for reducing pollution

b. sets different targets for pollution reduction for affluent and poor nations

c. has the strictest enforcement policy of any global environmental regulation so far

d. was drafted by the U.S., the first nation to agree to it

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 16 Question 60

60) A green roof like those mandated by law on new buildings with slopes of less than 30 degrees in Copenhagen, Denmark

Page reference: p. 479 “Sociological Realism: Limits on Environmental Progress”

a. is made from recycled tires

b. is covered in plants to absorb rainwater and reduce stormwater runoff and help lower the temperature of a city

c. has solar panels on it to capture sunlight and transform them into energy

d. is made of materials that will decompose easily in a landfill