Exam Questions Ch14 Substance Use And Gambling Disorders

Abnormal Psychology, 8e (Nolen-Hoeksema)

Chapter 14 Substance Use and Gambling Disorders

1) A substance is defined as any:

A) drug that has psychedelic effects.

B) over-the-counter prescription drug.

C) product that could potentially create an addiction.

D) natural or synthesized product that has psychoactive effects.

2) Clea has been using cocaine daily for a while now. However, for the past 24 hours, she has been without any cocaine and as a result is experiencing strange behaviors and physiological responses. Clea is most likely showing signs of:

A) substance intoxication.

B) substance withdrawal.

C) tolerance.

D) a drive-control disorder.

3) Mac took a capsule at a party earlier in the evening and is now showing changes in the functions of his central nervous system that are manifesting in both behavior and physiology. He is most likely experiencing:

A) substance intoxication.

B) substance withdrawal.

C) tolerance.

D) a drive-control disorder.

4) Which of the following statements is true about the global use of alcohol?

A) More men than women abstain from alcohol use.

B) More women than men abstain from alcohol use.

C) Women and men abstain from alcohol use at about the same rate.

D) Trying to determine alcohol use on a global scale has been impossible to date.

5) Globally, approximately ________ percent of people over the age of 15 abstain from alcohol

A) 23

B) 44

C) 62

D) 68

6) ________ is a set of behavioral and psychological changes that occur as a result of the physiological effects of a substance on the central nervous system.

A) Substance withdrawal

B) Substance intoxication

C) Substance tolerance

D) Substance avoidance

7) ________ is a set of physiological and behavioral symptoms that result when people who have been using substances heavily for prolonged periods of time stop or greatly reduce their use.

A) Substance withdrawal

B) Substance intoxication

C) Substance abuse

D) Substance dependence

8) The diagnosis of ________ disorder is given in the DSM-5 when a person demonstrates impaired control, the continued use of substances despite negative social, occupational, and health consequences, risky use, as well as evidence of tolerance and withdrawal.

A) substance withdrawal

B) substance use

C) alcohol intoxication

D) substance independence

9) Which of the following is one of the four categories of harmful consequences that suggest substance abuse?

A) The individual fails to fulfill important obligations at work, home, or school as a result of substance use.

B) The individual uses the substance only in situations in which it is not physically hazardous to do so.

C) The individual stops using the substance because of legal problems in the past.

D) The individual displays substance tolerance—diminished effects from the same dose of a substance.

10) Franco has fallen ill and lost his job, and his wife has left him due to his problem with heroin. His friends and family are telling him that he is an addict most likely because he is exhibiting:

A) substance withdrawal.

B) substance tolerance.

C) substance intoxication.

D) substance dependence.

11) ________ is present when a person experiences less effect from the same dose of a substance and needs more and more of it to achieve intoxication.

A) Impulse-control disorder

B) Behavioral under-control

C) Tolerance

D) Withdrawal

12) Hank began snorting cocaine about three years ago. He said the first high was the most astounding, exciting, mind-blowing experience he'd ever had. However, he has never been able to recapture that initial euphoria, and now he needs more and more of cocaine to get anywhere near his first experience. Hank has most likely:

A) developed a tolerance to cocaine.

B) transferred his dependence to some other substance.

C) developed symptoms of withdrawal.

D) used cocaine that is of inferior quality.

13) Which of the following substances has a relatively low risk for tolerance?

A) Nicotine

B) Alcohol

C) Opioids

D) Cannabis

14) The DSM-5 authors have combined substance abuse and dependence into one diagnosis called:

A) substance use disorder.

B) substance abuse disorder.

C) substance dependence disorder.

D) drug-related disorder.

15) The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for substance use disorder includes ongoing substance use despite recurring social or relationship difficulties. Why have the DSM-5 authors removed the DSM-IV criterion regarding legal problems?

A) Because of its low prevalence

B) Because it falls inside the realm of regulation

C) Because substance use disorders are a criminal offense

D) Because the term "legal" has negative connotations

16) Which of the following is a central nervous system depressant?

A) Cocaine

B) Nicotine

C) Cannabis

D) Alcohol

17) Which term refers to alcohol-induced amnesia for the events that occurred while one was intoxicated?

A) Coma

B) Deprivation

C) Blackout

D) Flash

18) Alcohol is considered a ________ because it ________.

A) stimulant; makes people less inhibited in their behavior

B) depressant; slows the central nervous system

C) stimulant; activates the brain

D) stimulant; activates the sex drive

19) Celeste went to a fraternity party on Saturday night and had too much to drink. Although the last thing she remembers is dancing with Paul, she does not recollect how she got home. Celeste is most likely experiencing:

A) alcohol-induced dementia.

B) delirium tremens.

C) abstinence violation.

D) a blackout.

20) Which of the following is cited as a reason why people in countries such as France show lower rates of alcohol-related substance disorders than do people in other countries?

A) Alcohol is usually consumed with meals in France.

B) Alcohol is freely available in France.

C) The low blood-alcohol level for determining whether a person is under the influence of alcohol acts as a deterrent.

D) Despite Americans' beliefs to the contrary, alcohol is not consumed in very large quantities in France.

21) Most U.S. states consider a person to be under the influence of alcohol if his or her blood-alcohol level is ________ or above.

A) 0.01

B) 0.15

C) 0.45

D) 0.08

22) Which of the following characterizes the first stage of alcohol withdrawal?

A) Tremulousness, weakness, and profuse perspiration

B) Collapse of the peripheral vascular system

C) Convulsive seizures

D) Auditory, visual, and tactile hallucinations

23) The second stage of alcohol withdrawal includes ________, which may begin as soon as 12 hours after drinking stops but more often appear(s) during the second or third day.

A) delirium tremens

B) hyperthermia

C) convulsive seizures

D) tactile hallucinations

24) The third stage of alcohol withdrawal is typically characterized by:

A) convulsive seizures.

B) the "jitters."

C) headaches, nausea, and abdominal cramps.

D) delirium tremens.

25) Which of the following is a typical characteristic of delirium tremens?

A) Auditory hallucinations

B) Convulsive seizures

C) Shakes and jitters

D) Hypothermia

26) Which of these is one of the most common medical conditions associated with alcohol misuse?

A) Delirium tremens

B) Low-grade hypertension

C) Hyperthermia

D) Collapse of the peripheral vascular system

27) Binge drinking is defined as consuming:

A) different types of drinks in moderate quantities in one sitting.

B) five or more drinks within a couple of hours for men.

C) two to three drinks early in the morning.

D) three or more drinks within a span of two hours for women.

28) Strong age differences in alcohol use disorders

A) decline as people age.

B) neither increase nor decrease as people age.

C) increase substantially as people age.

D) increase marginally as people age.

29) Which of the following is a reason why the strong age differences in alcohol use disorders decline with age?

A) With age, the liver metabolizes alcohol at a faster rate.

B) The increasing percentage of body water decreases the absorption of alcohol.

C) Older people are financially more secure than younger ones.

D) People who have used alcohol excessively may die before they reach old age.

30) Low-grade hypertension, combined with increases in the levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein, puts alcohol abusers mostly at increased risk for:

A) diabetes.

B) hypothermia.

C) heart disease.

D) brain hemorrhage.

31) Deaths related to alcohol are as much as five times more common among ________ than in the general U.S. population.

A) African Americans

B) Asian immigrants

C) Latinos

D) Native Americans

32) ________ involves the loss of intellectual abilities, including memory, abstract thinking, judgment, and problem solving, and is often accompanied by personality changes such as increased paranoia.

A) Wernicke's encephalopathy

B) Korsakoff's syndrome

C) Reward deficiency syndrome

D) Substance-induced dementia

33) Which of the following contains antioxidants that can increase "good" cholesterol, along with other chemicals that can help prevent damage to blood vessels and reduce "bad" cholesterol, producing positive cardiac effects?

A) Beer

B) Red wine

C) Whiskey

D) Cognac

34) Which of the following are legally manufactured and sold by prescription, usually as sedatives for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia?

A) Amphetamines

B) Opioids

C) Benzodiazepines

D) Phencyclidines

35) Alicia's doctor has prescribed Alicia helpful medication to help with her anxiety and insomnia. Which of the following class of medications did he most likely prescribe?

A) Amphetamines

B) Opioids

C) Benzodiazepines

D) Phencyclidine

36) Pedro is at a party and has taken a substance that has made him euphoric and disinhibited; he then experiences lethargy, loss of coordination, and other signs of central nervous system depression. He has most likely taken:

A) amphetamines.

B) cocaine.

C) benzodiazepines.

D) coffee.

37) Jim is over at a friend's house to pregame before going out. He takes a substance that provides an instant rush of euphoria followed by heightened self-esteem, alertness, energy, and feelings of competence. He begins taking the substance regularly and develops symptoms such as grandiosity, hypersexuality, and impulsive behavior. He has most likely taken:

A) opiates.

B) cocaine.

C) benzodiazepines.

D) alcohol.

38) Cocaine prevents the reuptake of ________ into the transmitting neuron, causing it to accumulate in the synapse and maintaining the pleasurable feeling associated with cocaine use.

A) serotonin

B) epinephrine

C) dopamine

D) prolactin

39) Which of the following makes cocaine more likely than most substances to lead to a stimulant use disorder?

A) It's easy availability

B) The absence of short-term health problems

C) Symptoms of fatigue and insomnia upon withdrawal

D) Its rapid, strong effects on the brain's reward centers

40) Which of the following is true of freebase cocaine?

A) It is less addictive than benzodiazepines.

B) It is mostly taken intravenously or snorted.

C) It is usually smoked in a water pipe or mixed in a tobacco or marijuana cigarette.

D) It is a form of crack boiled down into tiny chunks, or rocks, and usually smoked.

41) Which of the following observations is true of cocaine?

A) Its effects wear off quickly.

B) It is one of the few substances immune to the development of tolerance.

C) It has been tried at least once by 80 percent of high school graduates in the United States.

D) Its use has increased drastically since the mid-1980s.

42) Which of the following is an example of a stimulant?

A) Amphetamines

B) Barbiturates

C) Alcohol

D) Benzodiazepines

43) ________ are stimulants prescribed for the treatment of attention problems, narcolepsy, and chronic fatigue.

A) Barbiturates

B) Amphetamines

C) Benzodiazepines

D) Opioids

44) On the street, ________ are known as "speed," "meth," and "chalk."

A) amphetamines

B) benzodiazepines

C) barbiturates

D) opioids

45) Amphetamines release the neurotransmitters ________ and block their reuptake.

A) acetylcholine and adenosine

B) glutamate and aspartate

C) epinephrine and serotonin

D) dopamine and norepinephrine

46) Which of the following is true of amphetamine use?

A) The symptoms of amphetamine intoxication and cocaine intoxication are completely different.

B) Like cocaine, amphetamines can produce perceptual illusions.

C) Tolerance and physical dependence develops slowly over a lengthy period of time.

D) The abuse of cocaine and amphetamines has reduced in recent years.

47) Which of the following is an alkaloid found in tobacco?

A) Tryptophan

B) Ecgonine

C) Caffeine

D) Nicotine

48) Which of the following observations about tobacco use is true?

A) Tobacco use has increased in the United States over the past few decades.

B) Tobacco use has increased in most industrialized countries over the past few decades.

C) Tobacco use is increasing in developing countries over the past few decades.

D) Tobacco use is banned in all highly developed countries.

49) Approximately ________ deaths occur in the United States each year due to smoking-related illness.

A) 57,000

B) 240,000

C) 340,000

D) 480,000

50) Which of the following statements about e-cigarettes is not true?

A) The rising popularity of e-cigarettes has been particularly noticeable younger people.

B) E-cigarettes are now the most commonly used tobacco product among youth in the United States.

C) 12 percent of middle school students report using e-cigarettes.

D) 11 percent of high school students report using e-cigarettes.

51) Rates of smoking have decreased consistently since

A) 1998.

B) 2005.

C) 2010.

D) 2016.

52) Identify the physiological effects of nicotine.

A) They resemble a fight-or-flight response.

B) They reduce the physiological symptoms of stress and anxiety.

C) They suppress several biochemicals including dopamine and norepinephrine.

D) They reduce the craving to smoke more.

53) ________ is by far the most heavily used stimulant.

A) Nicotine

B) Amphetamine

C) Cocaine

D) Caffeine

54) Which of the following is typically reduced due to caffeine intake?

A) Appetite

B) Metabolism

C) Body temperature

D) Blood pressure

55) Morphine, heroin, codeine, and methadone are all:

A) amphetamines.

B) benzodiazepines.

C) barbiturates.

D) opioids.

56) Which of the following is a natural opioid produced by the human body?

A) Codeine

B) Etorphine

C) Endorphin

D) Alfentanil

57) Which of the following was widely used as a pain reliever in the nineteenth century, until it was found to be highly addictive?

A) Codeine

B) Morphine

C) Nicotine

D) Methadone

58) Which of the following is often the initial symptom of opioid intoxication?

A) Euphoria

B) Drowsiness

C) Vivid dreams

D) A blackout

59) During opioid intoxication, a person may experience periods of light sleep with vivid dreams. A person in this state is referred to as being:

A) in the twilight zone.

B) over the moon.

C) under the weather.

D) on the nod.

60) All of the following are withdrawal symptoms associated with opioids, EXCEPT:

A) dysphoric mood.

B) nausea.

C) delirium tremens.

D) fever.

61) Which of the following is a popular prescription opioid pain reliever?

A) Oxycodone

B) Dihydrocodeine

C) Sufentanil

D) Propoxyphene

62) Which of the following statements about opioid use and abuse in the United States is true?

A) The abuse of opioids in the United States has become a national epidemic.

B) Opioid use in the United States has started to level off and even decrease is several parts of the country.

C) The use of oxycodone has increased over the last from 2008 to the present whereas the use of Vicodin has decreased sharply over the same period.

D) The federal government has succeeded in curbing opioid addiction through a vast network of rehabilitation centers.

63) In 2016 alone, ________ million people over the age of 12 misused these drugs, a prevalence of over ________ percent.

A) 9; 3

B) 11.5; 4

C) 14.2; 5

D) 18.7; 8

64) Which of the following is capable of producing perceptual changes even in small doses?

A) Nicotine

B) Phencyclidine (PCP)

C) Alcohol

D) Caffeine

65) The ________ are a mixed group of substances, including lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and peyote.

A) benzodiazepines

B) amphetamines

C) hallucinogens

D) opioids

66) What is synesthesia?

A) Overflow from one sensory modality to another

B) Psychomotor agitation or retardation

C) Another term for hypervigilance

D) Auditory, visual, and tactile hallucinations

67) When using hallucinogens, people say they hear colors and see sounds. They feel at one with their surroundings, and time seems to pass very slowly. Others feel a sense of detachment and a great sensitivity for art, music, and feelings. Which term is used to describe these experiences?

A) Psychomotor

B) Psychedelic

C) Psychoactive

D) Psychosomatic

68) Which drug was used in the 1960s as part of the consciousness-expanding movement and led to reports of "bad trips"?

A) Amphetamine

B) Cannabis

C) Phencyclidine (PCP)

D) Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

69) Which drug is also known as angel dust, Hog, and Tranq?

A) Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

B) Phencyclidine (PCP)

C) Valium

D) Cannabis

70) Which of the following observations is true of the drug phencyclidine (PCP)?

A) It is classified in the DSM-5 as a hallucinogen.

B) It is manufactured as a liquid to be injected.

C) It has many of the same effects as hallucinogens.

D) It is categorized as an opioid.

71) Which of the following is the most commonly used illegal drug in the United States?

A) Cannabis

B) Heroin

C) Ecstasy

D) Cocaine

72) Marijuana, weed, pot, grass, reefer, and Mary Jane are terms used to refer to:

A) crack.

B) heroin.

C) cannabis.

D) cocaine.

73) Which of the following statements about cannabis is true?

A) As of 2018, thirty-one states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis in some form for medical reasons.

B) As of 2018, twenty-seven states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis for recreational use.

C) Over 80% of Americans are opposed to the legalization of cannabis.

D) With the advent of vaping, cannabis use has declined significantly since 2011.

74) As of 2018, ________ percent of Americans are in favor of complete or partial legalization of cannabis.

A) 19

B) 27

C) 54

D) 61

75) ________ are volatile substances that produce chemical vapors, which can be inhaled and which depress the central nervous system.

A) Barbiturates

B) Amphetamines

C) Opioids

D) Inhalants

76) Which class of inhalants dilates blood vessels and relaxes muscles and are sometimes used as sex enhancers?

A) Nitrites

B) Solvents

C) Anesthetic gases

D) Aerosols

77) Which of the following observations about inhalants is true?

A) The greatest users of inhalants are older people.

B) Asian teenagers appear to have the highest rates of inhalant use in the United States.

C) Males are more likely than females to use inhalants.

D) Inhalant use is inherently harmless.

78) ________ may occur during inhalant use due to acute irregularities in heartbeat or loss of oxygen.

A) Fight-or-flight response

B) Sudden sniffing death

C) Delirium tremens

D) Intermittent explosive disorder

79) The compound 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine is also known as:

A) cannabis.

B) ecstasy.

C) ketamine.

D) cocaine.

80) Which of the following typically has the stimulant effects of an amphetamine along with occasional hallucinogenic properties?

A) Caffeine

B) Alcohol

C) Cannabis

D) Ecstasy

81) The euphoric effects of ecstasy and some of the brain damage are considered to be due to alterations in the functioning of ________ in the brain.

A) norepinephrine

B) epinephrine

C) dopamine

D) serotonin

82) Long-term users of this drug risk several cardiac problems and liver failure, and they show increased rates of anxiety, depression, psychotic symptoms, and paranoia. Another effect is teeth-grinding; some users even suck a baby's pacifier at parties to relieve this. Which drug is being discussed here?

A) Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

B) Ecstasy

C) Nicotine

D) Cannabis

83) Which of the following is a central nervous system depressant approved for the treatment of the sleep disorder narcolepsy?

A) Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

B) Ketamine

C) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)

D) Rohypnol

84) Emergency room visits involving amphetamines and methamphetamines increased drastically between 1995 and 2002, and after some decreases in the mid-2000s, began increasing again. Between 2009 and 2011 visits increased by ________ percent.

A) 41

B) 71

C) 78

D) 81

85) Which of the following is a drug that was widely used by bodybuilders and athletes to lose fat and build muscle and was available over the counter in health food stores in the 1980s?

A) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)

B) Morphine

C) Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

D) Rohypnol

86) ________ goes by the street name G. and Liquid Ecstasy, and is also considered to be a date-rape drug.

A) Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

B) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)

C) Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

D) Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

87) Which of the following is a rapid-acting anesthetic that produces hallucinogenic effects ranging from rapture to paranoia to boredom?

A) Valium

B) Ketamine

C) Methadone

D) Rohypnol

88) Which of these is a major reason why ketamine users may injure themselves when they are intoxicated?

A) It has distasteful side-effects.

B) It is an anesthetic.

C) It is hallucinogenic.

D) It reduces serotonin levels.

89) Which of the following is a widely known date-rape drug which goes by the slang names Roche and the Forget-Me-Not Pill?

A) Ecstasy

B) Ketamine

C) Methadone

D) Rohypnol

90) Why do date-rape victims fail to recognize that they have been drugged with rohypnol?

A) It is odorless, colorless, and tasteless.

B) It goes undetected as the victims are usually already intoxicated.

C) It is an anesthetic.

D) It has no visible effects of intoxication.

91) With the repeated use of substances such as cocaine, heroin, and amphetamines, more of the drug is needed to produce the desired effects. Which of the following helps explain this statement?

A) The brain's control network starts to overpower its reward network.

B) The brain reduces its production of dopamine.

C) People's expectations of the drug reduce over time.

D) Tolerance toward the drug fails to develop.

92) Some drugs, like cocaine and amphetamines produce a strong sense of reward or a "high" by increasing the availability of the neurotransmitter

A) adenosine.

B) anandamide.

C) histamine.

D) dopamine.

93) Family studies show that the relatives of people with substance-related disorders are ________ likely to have a substance disorder than are the relatives of people with no such disorder.

A) just as

B) less

C) significantly more

D) no more

94) Which of the following is a conclusion about alcohol abuse offered by social learning theories?

A) Maladaptive patterns of alcohol use may be passed down through a family through modeling.

B) Higher reward sensitivity is correlated with earlier onset of alcohol consumption in young adults.

C) Genetics play a substantial role in determining who is at risk for substance use disorders.

D) People's expectations of alcohol's effects and their beliefs about the appropriateness of using it to cope with stress play a major role in alcohol abuse.

95) The ________ theories of alcohol abuse have focused on people's expectations of alcohol's effects and their beliefs about the appropriateness of using it to cope with stress.

A) sociocultural

B) genetic

C) cognitive

D) social learning

96) ________ is the tendency to be impulsive, sensation-seeking, and prone to antisocial behaviors such as violating laws.

A) Reward sensitivity

B) Behavioral under-control

C) Control drive

D) Speedballing

97) Which of the following observations is true?

A) Women tend to be more likely than men to carry risk factors for drug and alcohol abuse and dependence.

B) Societal acceptance of heavy drinking by women has increased in recent generations, as has the rate of alcohol use among young women.

C) Women suffer alcohol-related physical illnesses at higher levels of exposure to alcohol than men do.

D) When they do use alcohol, women notice that they feel intoxicated much later than men.

98) Benzodiazepines are used to reduce alcohol dependence. Why is the dosage of the specific benzodiazepine decreased each day while using it to treat a substance use disorder?

A) To increase the tolerance toward alcohol

B) Because people tend to relapse into alcohol use if the same dosage is provided

C) Because benzodiazepines are extremely toxic

D) To ensure that the person does not become dependent on the benzodiazepine

99) Antagonist drugs used to treat persons with substance dependence:

A) provide depressant effects similar to those of the addictive drug.

B) provide stimulant effects similar to those of the addictive drug.

C) block or change the effects of the addictive drug, reducing the desire for it.

D) act in the same manner as antidepressant drugs.

100) Which of the following has proven useful in treating alcohol dependents and abusers, possibly because it blocks the effects of endorphins during drinking?

A) Naltrexone

B) Naloxone

C) Klonopin

D) Halcion

101) Which of the following is a drug that can make alcohol use actually punishing, often causing vomiting in individuals who drink after taking it?

A) Naloxone

B) Halcion

C) Xanax

D) Antabuse

102) Dennis is undergoing treatment to deal with his alcohol use disorder. Whenever he takes this drug, he can't even have one alcoholic drink because he starts to feel sick and dizzy and feels like vomiting. Which drug is he most likely using?

A) Naltrexone

B) Antabuse

C) Halcion

D) Xanax

103) Which of the following is the most common pharmacological treatment method used for nicotine dependence?

A) Prescription medication to reduce nicotine cravings

B) The intrusive method

C) Nicotine replacement therapy

D) Treatment using benzodiazepines

104) Gradual withdrawal from heroin can be achieved with

A) phencyclidine (PCP).

B) methadone.

C) ketamine.

D) 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).

105) Which of the following best explains why those who take heroin while on methadone do not experience heroin's intense psychological effects?

A) Methadone is more potent than heroin.

B) Methadone has longer-lasting effects than heroin.

C) Methadone blocks receptors for heroin.

D) Methadone transfers dependency.

106) Drugs such as disulfiram that make the ingestion of alcohol unpleasant or toxic are given to people who are alcohol dependent. This is an example of:

A) aversive classical conditioning.

B) dependency transfer.

C) behavioral under-control.

D) a contingency management program.

107) Which of the following uses imagery to create associations between thoughts of alcohol use and thoughts of highly unpleasant consequences?

A) Dependency transfer program

B) Contingency management program

C) Cognitive treatment method

D) Covert sensitization therapy

108) ________ provide reinforcements for individuals to curtail their use of substances, for example, employment, housing, or vouchers for purchases at local stores.

A) Dependency transfer programs

B) Contingency management programs

C) Cognitive treatment methods

D) Covert sensitization methods

109) Interventions based on the ________ of alcohol abuse and dependency help clients identify situations in which they are most likely to drink and lose control over their drinking, as well as their expectations that alcohol will help them cope in those situations.

A) cognitive models

B) genetic models

C) dependency transfer models

D) biological treatment methods

110) Which of the following was developed by William Miller to elicit and solidify clients' motivation and commitment to changing their substance use behaviors?

A) Dependency transfer

B) Social learning model

C) Motivational interviewing

D) Alcoholics Anonymous

111) Which of the following primarily contributes to the fact that the relapse rate for people undergoing any kind of treatment for alcohol abuse and dependency is high?

A) Transfer of dependence

B) Covert sensitization

C) Abstinence violation effect

D) Cognitive dissonance

112) The philosophy of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is based on the ________ model of alcoholism.

A) addictive

B) disease

C) relapse

D) biological

113) The disease model of alcoholism followed by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) predicts that because of biological, psychological, and spiritual deficits,

A) alcoholism is a disease curable only by using medical remedies.

B) alcohol abstinence is not a necessary phenomenon for controlling alcohol intake.

C) people can always be completely cured of alcohol dependence.

D) some people will lose all control over their drinking once they have one drink.

114) According to the philosophy of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), the only way to control alcohol intake is to:

A) abstain completely.

B) limit yourself to two drinks a day.

C) transfer dependence to some other chemical.

D) binge-drink occasionally.

115) What was the outcome of Project MATCH that compared the different interventions designed to help people with alcohol dependency: cognitive-behavioral intervention, motivational interviewing and enhancement, and a 12-step program based on the Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) model?

A) Motivational interviewing and enhancement is generally more effective in terms of helping people with alcohol dependency.

B) Combining cognitive-behavioral intervention with motivational interviewing and enhancement proved to be the most effective intervention.

C) The three interventions were equally effective in reducing drinking behavior and preventing relapse over the following year.

D) The AA-based 12-step program was the most effective for treating alcohol dependence.

116) Which of the following is true of people with alcohol use disorders in the United States?

A) About 50 percent of them recover on their own.

B) 80 percent of them carry such problems throughout their lives.

C) 90 percent of them never recover from such problems.

D) Only about 25 percent of them seek treatment.

117) In the United States, young adults between ________ have the highest rates of alcohol consumption and make up the largest proportion of problem drinkers of any age group.

A) 15 and 20

B) 18 and 24

C) 22 and 30

D) 30 and 35

118) Psychologist Alan Marlatt and colleagues have argued that a more credible approach to college drinking than abstinence programs is to recognize drinking as normative behavior and focus education on the immediate risks of drinking to excess and the payoffs of moderation. This is an example of the:

A) harm reduction model.

B) disease model.

C) Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) model.

D) benefit-maximization model.

119) Which of the following is true of gambling disorder?

A) It is tied to increased executive control over impulses in the frontal areas of the brain.

B) Pathological gamblers have a greater disruption in the systems regulating the neurotransmitter dopamine.

C) Pathological gamblers tend to have relatively fewer problems with substance use than the general population.

D) About 20 percent of the U.S. population engages in chronic, compulsive gambling.

120) Which of the following is not a criterion for Internet gaming disorder?

A) persistent engagement and preoccupation with gaming,

B) withdrawal

C) heightened and manic interest in other activities

D) clinically significant impairment or distress

121) ________, while not listed in the DSM as an official disorder, appears in the section listing conditions requiring further study. Video games, including multiplayer games played over the Internet, have become wildly popular across the world

A) Digital disorder

B) Internet dysphoria

C) Internet gaming disorder

D) Childhood onset video gaming disorder (COVGD)

122) Distinguish between substance intoxication, withdrawal, abuse, and dependence. Discuss the symptoms associated with each condition.

123) Indicate the rates at which substance-impaired drivers are involved in driving accidents, include data on emergency room visits.

124) Distinguish binge drinking from heavy drinking.

125) What are the different symptoms of alcohol withdrawal?

126) Discuss how cocaine is able to provide a feeling of reward and pleasure.

127) Discuss the physiological effects of nicotine.

128) On average, how successful are people in quitting cigarette smoking? How many people who try to quit each year succeed? Do most relapse or succeed? What is the typical experience of people who quit regarding cravings to start smoking again? What can be done to curb the urge to smoke?

129) What is one reason identified in the text that explains the significant increase and severity of the opioid epidemic in the United States.

130) Describe current (2018) attitudes across the United States about cannabis use both for medical reasons and recreationally.

131) What are the symptoms of phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication?

132) Discuss some of the key findings of psychological theories on substance use disorders.

133) What are the different biological treatments for substance-related disorders?

134) Discuss the different cognitive-behavioral intervention methods for treating substance-related disorders.

135) Discuss why you think gambling disorder is included in the chapter on substance-related and addictive disorders?

136) In addition to gambling, what other behaviors are starting to be understood in terms of addiction? What are some issues that researchers must face in determining the value of expanding the diagnosis of addiction to cover these additional behaviors?