Exam Questions Ch12 Individual Behavior

Exploring Management, 7e (Schermerhorn)

Chapter 12 Individual Behavior

1) ________ is the process through which people receive and interpret information from the environment.

A) Projection

B) Construction

C) Perception

D) Reception

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perception filters information received from our environment.

AACSB: Analytic

2) A ________ uses one attribute to develop an overall impression of a person or situation.

A) projection

B) stereotype

C) halo effect

D) selective perception

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perceptual distortions can hide individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

3) Which of the following perceptual distortions focuses attention on things consistent with existing beliefs, needs, or actions?

A) Projection

B) A stereotype

C) Selective perception

D) A halo effect

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perceptual distortions can hide individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

4) Consider the following example of how managers may misconstrue work behavior. If managers see men in a discussion, they might think that they are discussing a new deal; if it is a group of women, they might think that they are gossiping. This scenario illustrates ________.

A) stereotyping

B) the halo effect

C) selective perception

D) projection

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perceptual distortions can hide individual differences.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

5) ________ overestimates internal factors and underestimates external factors as influences on someone's behavior.

A) Self-serving bias

B) Selective projection

C) The fundamental attribution error

D) Impression management

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perception can cause attribution errors.

AACSB: Analytic

6) ________ underestimates internal factors and overestimates external factors as influences on someone's behavior.

A) Selective projection

B) Self-serving bias

C) The fundamental attribution error

D) A halo effect

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perception can cause attribution errors.

AACSB: Analytic

7) The process of creating explanations for events is called ________.

A) attribution

B) self-awareness

C) self-serving bias

D) projection

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perception can cause attribution errors.

AACSB: Analytic

8) ________ tries to create desired perceptions in the eyes of others.

A) Self-serving bias

B) Selective perception

C) Impression management

D) Projection

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Impression management influences how others perceive us.

AACSB: Analytic

9) Tanya is the president of Cookware LLC. She wants to convey a self-image of a caring, understanding, and concerned president. At the monthly orientation meeting, she takes the initiative to address her employees' family members. By this, she intends to express her concern for her employees. In this scenario, Tanya practices ________.

A) speaking

B) projection management

C) self-serving bias

D) impression management

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Impression management influences how others perceive us.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

10) A(n) ________ assigns attributes commonly associated with a group to an individual.

A) mood contagion

B) stereotype

C) withdrawal behavior

D) emotion

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perceptual distortions can hide individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

11) Rajeev is a morning person. He calls his employees and leaves messages on their phones at 6 am. He figures this will inspire his employees to get a great start on the morning just like it does for him. This is an example of ________.

A) stereotyping

B) the halo effect

C) selective perception

D) projection

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perceptual distortions can hide individual differences.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

12) The profile of characteristics making a person unique from others is called ________.

A) emotional stability

B) personality

C) locus of control

D) extroversion

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The big five personality traits describe important individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

13) Which of the following is NOT a Big Five personality trait?

A) Agreeableness

B) Emotional stability

C) Intelligence

D) Extraversion

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The big five personality traits describe important individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

14) A(n) ________ person is dependable, organized, and focused on getting things done.

A) extraverted

B) agreeable

C) conscientious

D) emotionally stable

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The big five personality traits describe important individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

15) ________ is the extent to which one believes what happens is within one's control.

A) Self confidence

B) Emotional stability

C) Extroversion

D) Locus of control

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Personalities vary on personal conception traits.

AACSB: Analytic

16) Jenna believes that, for the most part, she is responsible for what happens to her. She has a(n) ________ locus of control.

A) internal

B) external

C) self-monitoring

D) standard

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Personalities vary on personal conception traits.

AACSB: Analytic

17) Susan, for the most part, believes that what happens to her is beyond her control. Susan has a(n)________ locus of control.

A) internal

B) external

C) self-monitoring

D) standard

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Personalities vary on personal conception traits.

AACSB: Analytic

18) Maxim, an accountant, faces a difficult situation at work. He believes that the problem is with his work environment, even though other accountants are doing well. Alex most likely has a(n) ________ locus of control.

A) internal

B) external

C) self-monitoring

D) standard

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Personalities vary on personal conception traits.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

19) Which of the following terms refers to the degree to which a person defers to authority and accepts status differences?

A) Machiavellianism

B) Authoritarianism

C) Locus of control

D) Personality

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Personalities vary on personal conception traits.

AACSB: Analytic

20) ________ is the degree to which someone uses power manipulatively.

A) Authoritarianism

B) Self-serving bias

C) Machiavellianism

D) Locus of control

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Personalities vary on personal conception traits.

AACSB: Analytic

21) A physical and mental exhaustion from work stress is known as ________.

A) job burnout

B) constructive stress

C) self-serving bias

D) destructive attribute

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Stress has consequences for performance and personal health.

AACSB: Analytic

22) Perception can cause ________ errors when developing explanations for events and their causes.

A) reaction

B) reflection

C) attribution

D) acknowledgement

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perception can cause attribution errors.

AACSB: Analytic

23) Chang is a wonderful colleague. He is kind, thoughtful, and always helps when someone gets behind with their work. He is ________.

A) extraverted

B) agreeable

C) conscientious

D) emotionally stable

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The big five personality traits describe important individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

24) Shamika is a firefighter. She is the first to enter a burning building as soon as she has evaluated the safety of the building. She is ________.

A) extraverted

B) agreeable

C) open to experiences

D) emotionally stable

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The big five personality traits describe important individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

25) A(n) ________ person is talkative, comfortable, and confident in interpersonal relationships.

A) extraverted

B) agreeable

C) conscientious

D) emotionally stable

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The big five personality traits describe important individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

26) A(n) ________ person is excitable, anxious, nervous and intense.

A) introverted

B) disagreeable

C) unconscientious

D) emotionally unstable

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The big five personality traits describe important individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

27) A(n) ________ person is careless, impulsive, and not achievement oriented.

A) introverted

B) disagreeable

C) unconscientious

D) emotionally unstable

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The big five personality traits describe important individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

28) Excessive stress at workplace leads to all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) physical exhaustion

B) reduced job satisfaction

C) personal problems

D) higher performance

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Stress has consequences for performance and personal health.

AACSB: Analytic

29) Riya, an accountant in an insurance firm, is asked to work overtime to clear her work backlog. She feels anxious about her performance and starts being aggressive toward her colleagues and family members. Which of the following conditions is the cause of Riya's reactions?

A) Multiple personalities

B) Constructive stress

C) Destructive stress

D) Personal wellness

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Stress has consequences for performance and personal health.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

30) Job burnout and workplace rage can result from long-term ________.

A) employment uncertainty

B) constructive stress

C) physical illness

D) destructive stress

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Stress has consequences for performance and personal health.

AACSB: Analytic

31) Which of the following occurs when we communicate extreme agitation in interpersonal relationships or electronic messages?

A) A halo effect

B) Job burnout

C) Workplace rage

D) A flameout

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Stress has consequences for performance and personal health.

AACSB: Analytic

32) Sally tends to procrastinate in the initial stages of a project, but she always comes through when the pressure is on. For Sally, this pressure is a form of ________.

A) demotivation

B) constructive stress

C) personal wellness

D) destructive stress

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Stress has consequences for performance and personal health.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

33) Strategies to reduce the negative effects of workplace stress include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) identifying and minimizing stressors

B) changing the work schedule temporarily

C) reducing performance expectations

D) advancing the required deadlines

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Stress has consequences for performance and personal health.

AACSB: Analytic

34) ________ is aggressive behavior toward co-workers or the work setting.

A) Job burnout

B) Workplace rage

C) Self-serving bias

D) Destructive stress

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Stress has consequences for performance and personal health.

AACSB: Analytic

35) ________ is a positive influence on effort, creativity, and diligence in work.

A) Job burnout

B) Constructive stress

C) Self-serving bias

D) Destructive stress

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Stress has consequences for performance and personal health.

AACSB: Analytic

36) Employees cite all of the following as sources of stress EXCEPT ________.

A) unpredictable emails

B) long hours

C) unreasonable workloads

D) rate of pay

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: People with Type A personalities stress themselves.

AACSB: Analytic

37) A predisposition to act in a certain way is called ________.

A) a bias

B) cognitive dissonance

C) an attitude

D) manipulation

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Attitudes predispose people to act in certain ways.

AACSB: Analytic

38) Which of the following components of attitude reflects beliefs and values?

A) The emotional component

B) The cognitive component

C) The affective component

D) The behavioral component

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Attitudes predispose people to act in certain ways.

AACSB: Analytic

39) The ________ component of attitude reflects a specific feeling.

A) dissonance

B) cognitive

C) affective

D) behavior

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Attitudes predispose people to act in certain ways.

AACSB: Analytic

40) The ________ component of attitude reflects an intention to behave consistently with the belief and feeling.

A) dissonance

B) cognitive

C) affective

D) behavioral

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Attitudes predispose people to act in certain ways.

AACSB: Analytic

41) ________ is the discomfort that a person feels when attitude and behavior are inconsistent.

A) Projection

B) Self-serving bias

C) Cognitive dissonance

D) Selective perception

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Attitudes predispose people to act in certain ways.

AACSB: Analytic

42) Which of the following terms refers to the degree to which a person feels positive about work experience?

A) Cognitive dissonance

B) Wellness

C) Attitude

D) Job satisfaction

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Job satisfaction is a positive attitude toward one's job and work experience.

AACSB: Analytic

43) All of the following factors impact job satisfaction EXCEPT ________.

A) co-workers

B) the quality of supervision

C) work conditions

D) competitors

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Job satisfaction is a positive attitude toward one's job and work experience.

AACSB: Analytic

44) Managers should be concerned about employees' job satisfaction as it influences all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) the decrease in turnover

B) the increase in the bottom line

C) the decrease in absenteeism rates

D) the increase in layoffs

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Job satisfaction influences work behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

45) Organizational ________ behaviors are things people do to go the extra mile in their work.

A) attitude

B) dissonance

C) contagion

D) citizenship

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Job satisfaction influences work behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

46) A strong sense of belonging and connection with one's work and employer is called ________.

A) employee citizenship

B) job satisfaction

C) employee engagement

D) occupational merit

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Job satisfaction influences work behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

47) ________ is the ability to understand emotions and manage relationships effectively.

A) Type A behavior

B) Emotional intelligence

C) Emotional stability

D) Self-reliance

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Emotions and moods are states of mind that influence behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

48) Generalized positive and negative feelings or states of mind are called ________.

A) moods

B) attitudes

C) perceptions

D) emotions

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Emotions and moods are states of mind that influence behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

49) Which of the following terms refers to strong feelings directed toward someone or something?

A) Perceptions

B) Projections

C) Emotions

D) Moods

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Emotions and moods are states of mind that influence behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

50) Mood ________ is the spillover of one's positive or negative moods onto others.

A) perception

B) projection

C) engagement

D) contagion

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Emotions and moods are states of mind that influence behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

51) Perception significantly influences the way we receive, interpret, and process information received from our environments.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perception filters information received from our environment.

AACSB: Analytic

52) Assigning attributes commonly associated with a group to an individual is called the halo effect.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perceptual distortions can hide individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

53) The pooling of ideas and perceptions of many people makes it easier for selective perception to create problems.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perceptual distortions can hide individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

54) Persons high in self-monitoring tend to be learners, comfortable with feedback, and both willing and able to change.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Personalities vary on personal conception traits.

AACSB: Analytic

55) Type A personalities tend to be stress-free.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: People with Type A personalities stress themselves.

AACSB: Analytic

56) Narcissistic leaders can have a positive influence on a business.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Narcissism.

AACSB: Analytic

57) Attitudes always predict behavior.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Attitudes predispose people to act in certain ways.

AACSB: Analytic

58) The best way to understand the relationship between job satisfaction and performance is to look at how much an employee is paid.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Job satisfaction has a complex relationship with job performance.

AACSB: Analytic

59) Emotional intelligence is a measure of an individual's intelligence.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Emotions and moods are states of mind that influence behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

60) Stereotypes and projections are examples of distortions in ________.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perceptual distortions can hide individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

61) The ________ error is a tendency to blame other people when things go wrong, regardless of whether it is their fault.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perception can cause attribution errors.

AACSB: Analytic

62) The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a popular approach to assess an individual's ________.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a popular approach to personality assessment.

AACSB: Analytic

63) A person with a(n) ________ personality is secure, calm, steady, and self-confident.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The big five personality traits describe important individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

64) A person with a(n) ________ personality is trusting, courteous, and helpful, getting along well with others.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The big five personality traits describe important individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

65) ________ is the personality trait that makes a person broad-minded, imaginative, and amenable to new ideas.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The big five personality traits describe important individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

66) People with a(n) ________ personality often act control-oriented as a leader and subservient as a follower.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Personalities vary on personal conception traits.

AACSB: Analytic

67) Long hours of work, unreasonable workloads, low pay, and difficult co-workers are often cited sources of ________.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: People with Type A personalities stress themselves.

AACSB: Analytic

68) ________ is aggressive behavior toward coworkers or the work setting.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Stress has consequences for performance and personal health.

AACSB: Analytic

69) ________ is the pursuit of a personal health promotion program.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Stress has consequences for performance and personal health.

AACSB: Analytic

70) Some people manage ________ by modifying their attitude to better fit their behavior.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Attitudes predispose people to act in certain ways.

AACSB: Analytic

71) ________ are things people do to go the extra mile in their work.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Job satisfaction influences work behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

72) ________ behaviors include absenteeism and turnover.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Job satisfaction influences work behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

73) ________ is antisocial behavior in the form of disrespectful acts, social exclusion, and use of hurtful language.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Job satisfaction influences work behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

74) ________ is antisocial behavior that is intentionally aggressive, intimidating, demeaning, or abusive.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Job satisfaction influences work behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

75) ________ refers to quitting one's job.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Job satisfaction influences work behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

76) ________ is the spillover of one's positive or negative moods onto others.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Emotions and moods are states of mind that influence behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

77) Define perception and describe the four types of perception distortions.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perceptual distortions can hide individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

78) Discuss impression management. As a manager interviewing several candidates for a position in your team, how much importance would you give to how the candidates manage their impressions? Give reasons.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Impression management influences how others perceive us.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

79) Define stress, constructive stress, and destructive stress. How should these be managed?

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Stress has consequences for performance and personal health.

AACSB: Analytic

80) Discuss locus of control and its two components.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Personalities vary on personal conception traits.

AACSB: Analytic

81) Describe the Myers-Briggs Personality Indicator and its personality dimensions.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a popular approach to personality assessment.

AACSB: Analytic

82) Define job satisfaction and its relation to job performance.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Job satisfaction is a positive attitude toward one's job and work experiences.; Job satisfaction has a complex relationship with job performance.

AACSB: Analytic

83) Define attitude, its three components, and their relationship to cognitive dissonance.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Attitudes predispose people to act in certain ways.

AACSB: Analytic

84) Explain the relation between job satisfaction and work behavior.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Job satisfaction influences work behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

85) Johnathan has been under a lot of stress after receiving negative feedback on a project. To compensate for his failure and create a good impression, he works for long hours and ignores his personal life and health. As his team leader, would you take any measures to change his behavior? If so, how would you approach this situation and what would be your advice to Johnathan?

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Job satisfaction influences work behavior.; Stress has consequences for performance and health.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

86) According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, an ESTJ would most likely be ________.

A) analytical, strategic, and quick to take charge

B) decisive, logical, and quick to dig in

C) insightful, free thinking, and determined

D) conscientious, considerate, and helpful

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a popular approach to personality assessment.

AACSB: Analytic

87) According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, an ENTJ would most likely be ________.

A) analytical, strategic, and quick to take charge

B) decisive, logical, and quick to dig in

C) insightful, free thinking, and determined

D) conscientious, considerate, and helpful

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a popular approach to personality assessment.

AACSB: Analytic

88) According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, an ISJF would most likely be ________.

A) analytical, strategic, and quick to take charge

B) decisive, logical, and quick to dig in

C) insightful, free thinking, and determined

D) conscientious, considerate, and helpful

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a popular approach to personality assessment.

AACSB: Analytic

89) According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, an INTJ would most likely be ________.

A) analytical, strategic, and quick to take charge

B) decisive, logical, and quick to dig in

C) insightful, free thinking, and determined

D) conscientious, considerate, and helpful

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a popular approach to personality assessment.

AACSB: Analytic

90) Arjun knows what he wants and logically evaluates each situation. He likely has a ________ Myers-Briggs personality type.

A) ESTJ

B) ENTJ

C) ISJF

D) INTJ

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a popular approach to personality assessment.

AACSB: Analytic

91) Aurelia carefully analyzes a situation before she gets involved. She is able to consider the big picture and think long-term. She is quick to take charge of a situation. She likely has a ________ Myers-Briggs personality type.

A) ESTJ

B) ENTJ

C) ISJF

D) INTJ

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a popular approach to personality assessment.

AACSB: Analytic

92) Misu is conscientious, considerate, and helpful. He likely has a ________ Myers-Briggs personality type.

A) ESTJ

B) ENTJ

C) ISJF

D) INTJ

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a popular approach to personality assessment.

AACSB: Analytic

93) Self-________ is the degree to which someone is able to adjust behavior in response to external factors.

A) monitoring

B) serving bias

C) perception

D) manipulation

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Personalities vary on personal conception traits.

AACSB: Analytic

94) Which of the following characteristics is NOT expected from a "high-Mach" personality?

A) Emotional detachment

B) Concern for the means over the end

C) Exploitation of others

D) Manipulation

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Personalities vary on personal conception traits.

AACSB: Analytic

95) Persons high in self-monitoring exhibit all of the following characteristics EXCEPT ________.

A) the willingness and ability to change

B) the desire to learn

C) openness to feedback

D) predictability

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Personalities vary on personal conception traits.

AACSB: Analytic

96) The degree to which someone is able to adjust his or her behavior in response to external factors is called ________.

A) self-awareness

B) reliability

C) locus of control

D) self-monitoring

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Personalities vary on personal conception traits.

AACSB: Analytic

97) Individuals with a(n) ________ personality display a persistent pattern of self-involvement, arrogance, and entitlement.

A) authoritarian

B) narcissistic

C) Machiavellian

D) persistent

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Narcissism.

AACSB: Analytic

98) ________ leaders continually seek approval from others to ease their deep, nagging concerns that they are just not good enough.

A) Authoritarian

B) Narcissistic

C) Machiavellian

D) Transformational

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Narcissism.

AACSB: Analytic

99) ________ is a state of tension experienced by individuals facing extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities.

A) Fear

B) Stress

C) Apprehension

D) Uncertainty

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: People with Type A personalities stress themselves.

AACSB: Analytic

100) Type ________ personalities are likely to bring stress on themselves even in circumstances that others find relatively stress free.

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: People with Type A personalities stress themselves.

AACSB: Analytic

101) Type ________ personalities are oriented toward extreme achievement, impatience, and perfection.

A) A

B) B

C) C

D) D

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: People with Type A personalities stress themselves.

AACSB: Analytic

102) A(n) ________ is oriented toward extreme achievement, impatience, and perfectionism.

A) self-monitoring personality

B) agreeable personality

C) Type A personality

D) Type B personality

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: People with Type A personalities stress themselves.

AACSB: Analytic

103) Priscilla fails a test. She believes it is because the teacher does not speak English very well. This is an example of a fundamental perception error.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perception can cause attribution errors.

AACSB: Analytic

104) Self-serving bias overestimates internal factors and underestimates external factors as influences on someone's behavior.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perception can cause attribution errors.

AACSB: Analytic

105) Self-serving bias is the "It's not my fault!" error.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perception can cause attribution errors.

AACSB: Analytic

106) Suppose you make eye contact and smile when engaged in conversations to create a person bond. You are likely engaged in impression management.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Impression management influences how others perceive us.

AACSB: Analytic

107) Impression management tries to create desired perceptions in the eyes of others.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Impression management influences how others perceive us.

AACSB: Analytic

108) Disposition is the profile of characteristics making a person unique from others.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Personalities influence individual behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

109) An extravert is talkative, trusting, and dependable.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The big five personality traits describe important individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

110) An emotionally stable person is secure, calm, steady, and self-confident.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The big five personality traits describe important individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

111) Accountants tend to have "open to experience" personalities.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The big five personality traits describe important individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

112) Disagreeable people are self-serving, skeptical, and tough.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The big five personality traits describe important individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

113) Introverts are narrow minded and resist change.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The big five personality traits describe important individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

114) Conscientious persons tend to be highly motivated and high performing in their work.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The big five personality traits describe important individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

115) The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator has three main distinctions: how people relate to others, how people gather information, and how people evaluate information.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a popular approach to personality assessment.

AACSB: Analytic

116) Narcissists know they are better than everyone else which is why they act so superior to other people.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Narcissism.

AACSB: Analytic

117) Withdrawal behaviors include absenteeism and turnover.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Job satisfaction influences work behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

118) Turnover is not showing up for work a few days a week.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Job satisfaction influences work behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

119) Organizational social behaviors are things people do to go the extra mile in their work.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Job satisfaction influences work behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

120) Bullying is antisocial behavior that is intentionally aggressive, intimidating, demeaning, and/or abusive.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Job satisfaction influences work behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

121) ________ is the process through which people receive and interpret information from the environment.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perception filters information received from our environment.

AACSB: Analytic

122) A(n) ________ assigns attributes commonly associated with a group to an individual.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perceptual distortions can hide individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

123) ________ is a "similar to me" error.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Describe How Perceptions Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Perceptual distortions can hide individual differences.

AACSB: Analytic

124) A(n) ________ personality allows others to exert power over them.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Personalities vary on personal conception traits.

AACSB: Analytic

125) Individuals with a ________ personality display a persistent pattern of self-involvement, arrogance, and entitlement.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Contrast How Different Personalities Influence Individual Behavior

Section Reference: Narcissism.

AACSB: Analytic

126) ________ is the degree to which an individual feels positive about a job and work experience.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Job satisfaction is a positive attitude toward one's job and work experience.

AACSB: Analytic

127) Withdrawal behaviors include ________ (not showing up for work) and ________ (quitting one's job).

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Job satisfaction influences work behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

128) ________ are strong feelings directed toward someone or something.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Emotions and moods are states of mind that influence behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

129) ________ intelligence is an ability to understand emotions and manage relationships effectively.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Emotions and moods are states of mind that influence behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

130) ________ are generalized positive and negative states of mind.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Explain How Attitudes, Emotions, and Moods Influence Individual Behavior.

Section Reference: Emotions and moods are states of mind that influence behavior.

AACSB: Analytic

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